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The experiment conducted during the Rabi season 2016. The field trial was laid out randomized block design replicated thrice. The treatment considered 13 levels of RDF. Treatments receiving 100% and 75% of N, P, and K, Sulphure @20 kg/ha, ZnSO4 @20 kg/ha with FYM @2t/ha, Vermicompost @1t/ha along with Azotobacter seed treatment @3kg/ha significantly higher in plant height, number of branches, fresh weight, dry weight, tuber yield and haulm yield. The results of integrated nutrients for high yield goal had a positive effect on plant height, fresh weight, number of branches and tuber yield. The maximum plant height, fresh weight, number of branches and tuber yield of (188.93 q/ha) was recorded with higher fertilizer level i.e. T7 T7 with 100% RDF, Sulphure @20 kg/ha, ZnSO4 @20 kg/ha with FYM @2t/ha, Vermicompost @1t/ha along with Azotobacter seed treatment @3kg/ha was significantly at par T6 (180.22 q/ha) with 100% RDF, Sulphure @20 kg/ha, ZnSO4 @20 kg/ha with FYM @2t/ha, Vermicompost @1t/ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian major carp, Labeo rohita Hamilton, 1822 is a tropical freshwater cyprinid fish native to inland waters in Asia. Herein, we describe a novel myxozoan forming plasmodia in the gill lamellae of L. rohita from Ranjit Sagar Wetland in Punjab, India. Myxospores were consistent with the genus Myxobolus , round to elliptical in valvular view, lemon shaped in side view with a characteristic protrusion at the anterior end and a round posterior end; length 7.65 ± 0.07 μm, width 4.62 ± 0.09 μm. There were two polar capsules of equal length, pear shaped, length of polar capsule 2.54 ± 0.05 μm, width 1.60 ± 0.02 μm, with 5–6 turns of the polar filament. The 890 bp 18S rDNA sequence was up to 97% similar to M. catlae from other cyprinid fishes in India. In having, unique myxospore morphology and 18S rDNA sequence, we propose Myxobolus holzerae as new to science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the present study, a new myxosporean parasite, Myxobolus vascularis n. sp. has been described from the gill lamellae of fingerlings of Cirrhinus mrigala Hamilton vern. mrigal collected from polyculture nursery ponds located in village Fagan majra, District Fategarh Sahib, Punjab (India). The length and age of the fish host was 4.5cm and 1-2 months respectively. According to the size, the plasmodia were of two types: Type B were small sized, rounded, 0.5mm in diameter and Type C were highly elongated, large sized, 3x0.7mm seen as white pustules on the gill lamellae. The myxospores were pyriform in shape and measured 10.73x 4.88µm. Polar capsules were equal, elongately pyriform, measured 6.51x 1.80µm, with 8-9 polar filament coils arranged perpendicular to the polar axis. The gill plasmodium index was recorded to be 3 indicated heavy infection. Histopathological evaluation of the infection recorded dilation and total obstruction of the gill lamella and showed necrosis, hypertrophy, hyperplasia and lifting of the epithelial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education plays an important role in the growth and prosperity of a nation. But in the present era poor financial management of higher educational institutions is one of the biggest problem. Financial management in education is an integral part of overall management. Higher education depends on financial management for optimum utilization of resources. So this paper focuses on the financial health of the higher educational institutions in Punjab and suggesting various ways for proper allocation of recourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study was performed to find out the occurrence of the common footdrop which was due to peroneal nerve palsy in the farmers in Punjab, India. Methods: This study consisted of 100 male subjects of which 50 were farmers (who were aged between 20 to 50 years), who were suffering from a unilateral foot drop and 50 were normal, healthy, age matched controls who were not involved in farming activities. The nerve conduction parameters (the nerve conduction velocities, latencies and amplitudes) of the common peroneal nerve and the tibial and the sural nerves were measured distally at the ankle and proximally at the knee on both the lower limbs of the subjects. Results: On comparative evaluation, the data showed a significantly reduced conduction velocity and amplitude on the affected side as well as on the contralateral side in the common peroneal nerve of the farmers as compared to those in the controls. The F wave latency was increased in both the limbs of the farmers in comparison to the controls. Conclusions: The patients presented with a unilateral footdrop which was due to peroneal palsy, but a decreased peroneal nerve conduction was observed on the contralateral side as well. Thus, it suggested the involvement of the common peroneal nerve bilaterally. The position of sitting during harvesting or weeding was also important in inducing footdrop along with the type of the hand activity, because of occurrence of the footdrop on the side of the dominant hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sikh diaspora, along with the Jewish Diaspora, is perhaps one of the only religious diasporas in the world. The Sikhs are scattered across the globe today. This article is an attempt to outline the reasons for Sikh migration out of Punjab and the role played by the colonial rulers in that migration. It traces the process of migration of Sikhs and their emergence as a diaspora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During a study of myxosporean parasites of freshwater fishes of Punjab Wetlands, India, one new myxosporean species, Myxobolus harikensis sp. nov. was recorded from the caudal fin of Cirrhina mrigala (Ham.) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Plasmodia are small, white, spherical-to-rounded and are present on the caudal fin (in between the fin rays) having two to five spores per plasmodium. Spores of M. harikensis measure 10.1 × 8.5 μm in size, pyriform in valvular view and lenticular in sutural view pointing in the direction to the plane of slightly bent sutural line. Shell valves are thick, smooth, asymmetric and flattened at the sutural plane. Parietal folds are absent. Polar capsules are two, prominently unequal, broadly pyriform-to-rounded in shape and lie at different levels in the spore body cavity. The larger polar capsule is 5.0 × 3.1 μm in size, placed anteriorly on the sutural plane and opening to the exterior anteriolaterally. The smaller polar capsule measures 1.7 × 1.4 μm in size, placed posteriorly, perpendicular to the sutural plane and opening to the exterior mediolaterally. Spores of M. harikensis closely resembles to that of Myxobolus africanus in having polar capsules placed at different levels in the spore body cavity, however, are unique in having unequal polar capsules both discharging laterally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social exclusion has become all inclusive of every type of exclusions that exist at the regional, national and international level. However geographical exclusion is comparatively new and lesser studied area in this field. This article is an attempt to study the exclusion of Borderbelt of Amritsar in Punjab and its effects on the community which resides there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main cause of acute puerperal inversion is mismanagement of third stage of labour. Only immediate diagnosis and treatment can decrease mortality. Since majority of Indians live in resource poor settings where traditional birth attendants (TBAs) provide basic obstetrics care. Mismanagement of third stage of labour in such settings may not be unusual with the attendant complications. This study reports three cases of acute uterine inversion managed at a tertiary care centre . Their labour was managed by TBAs and a nurse; one died while the others were successfully managed. Hence, prevalence of uterine inversion may not be rare in resource poor areas of India. Therefore, there is an urgent need for re-training of TBA's and primary health care nurses, in the act of labour management so as to prevent uterine inversion and other life threatening complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]