1. Evaluation and Correlation of Multiple Anthelmintic Resistances to Gastrointestinal Nematodes Using Different Fecal Egg Count Reduction Methods in Small Ruminants of Punjab, India.
- Author
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Pawar, Prashant, Das Singla, Lachhman, Kaur, Paramjit, Bal, Mandeep Singh, and Javed, Mohamad
- Subjects
HAEMONCHUS contortus ,RUMINANTS ,RANK correlation (Statistics) ,NEMATODES ,SMALL farms ,EGGS - Abstract
Purpose: Concordance of multiple anthelmintic resistances for gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants by three average-based and two individually based fecal egg count reduction (FECR) tests was evaluated and corrected. Methods: Sheep and goats (≥ 8 weeks) from five farms were randomly assigned to three treatment groups (I, II, III; n = 10 per group) and one untreated control group (Group IV; n = 10). Group I received fenbendazole at the dose rate of 5 and 10 mg/kg, Group II received ivermectin at the dose rate of 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg, and Group III received levamisole at the dose rate of 8 and 12 mg/kg body weight orally for sheep and goat, respectively. Three average-based methods of FECR (FECR
1 , FECR2 and FECR3 ) and two individually based methods of FECR (iFECR1 and iFECR2 ) were evaluated. Results: For fenbendazole resistance, Spearman correlation coefficient for FECR1 was non-significant with other formulae, but for FECR2 with FECR3 , FECR3 with iFECR1 and iFECR1 with iFECR2 coincidence was significant at 1%, while for FECR2 with iFECR2 and FECR3 with iFECR2 it was significant at 5%. Spearman correlation coefficients for ivermectin resistance were significant at 1% level and for levamisole it showed significant coincidence at 1% for FECR1 with FECR2 and iFECR1 , FECR2 with FECR3 and iFECR1 , and iFECR1 with iFECR2 , while for FECR1 with FECR3 and iFECR2 coincidence was significant at 5% level. Concordance of kappa values indicated that the coincidence of the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance (95% CI) among the five farms was non-significant. Conclusions: Concordance between the standard average-based FECR and individually based methods suggests that either method could be applied to small ruminant farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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