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Aims To compare the prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases between 180 perinatally HIV-infected ( PHIV) and 118 perinatally HIV-exposed and uninfected ( PHEU) youth in a cross-sectional study conducted at 11 clinical sites in the United States and Puerto Rico from the Adolescent Master Protocol study of the Pediatric HIV/ AIDS cohort study ( PHACS) network. Methods Several analyses were conducted, employing the current CDC/ AAP classification for periodontitis and incorporating a definition of gingivitis based on a bleeding on probing ( BOP) threshold, and analyses based on more detailed whole-mouth, intra-oral regionally, site-based and tooth-based criteria of BOP, plaque levels, pockets depths and clinical attachment levels. Results After adjusting for plaque control habits and behavioural and sociodemographic factors, there were no significant differences in periodontal diseases between the PHIV and PHEU youth using any of these criteria. For PHIV youth, there was no significant association between parameters of periodontal disease and current HIV status. Conclusions Although no significant differences in periodontal parameters were noted between the PHIV and PHEU youth, the influence of antiretroviral therapy merits further exploration in this cohort in a longitudinal study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study describes the incidence, clinical and demographic characteristics, and spectrum of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in youths with perinatal HIV-1 infection. Methods: Retrospective analysis between May 1993 and December 2006 of subjects with renal disease followed in the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 219/219C multicenter study examining the long-term consequences of perinatal HIV infection. Diagnosis confirmation was made utilizing a questionnaire mailed to research sites. Participants with CKD of other etiology than HIV were excluded. Outcome measures were biopsy-diagnosed CKD and, in the absence of biopsy, HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) using established clinical criteria. Results: Questionnaires on 191 out of 2,102 participants identified 27 cases of CKD: 14 biopsy-diagnosed and 6 clinical cases of HIVAN, and 7 biopsy-diagnosed cases of immune complex-mediated kidney disease (lupus-like nephritis, 3; IgA nephropathy, 2; membranous nephropathy, 2). Incidence rates for CKD associated with HIV in pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (1993-1997) and HAART (1998-2002, 2003-2006) eras were 0.43, 2.84, and 2.79 events per 1,000 person years respectively. In multivariate analysis, black race and viral load ≥100,000 copies/mL (rate ratios 3.28 and 5.05, p ≤ 0.02) were associated with CKD. Conclusions: A variety of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritides and HIVAN occurs in this population. Black race and uncontrolled viral replication are risk factors for CKD associated with HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]