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The study maps the development of work and organizational psychology in the Czech Republic. The first part outlines the development of the discipline in the world, which took place in two main lines concentrated on individual and social aspects. The second part deals with the development of work and organizational psychology in the then Czechoslovakia, with particular emphasis on the Czech lands. The development of psychotechnics was supported by international institutional cooperation (the Institute of Psychotechnics at the VI Division of the Masaryk Academy of Labor started its activities in 1920) and the establishment of specialized workplaces in large companies (e.g. the Vítkovice Ironworks, Baťa Zlín, Electrical Enterprises of Prague). Psychotechnics focused mainly on work analysis, pre-employment personality attributes diagnostics, employee selection and placement, performance and productivity analysis, employee evaluation and motivation, consultancy in the choice of profession as well as personal problems etc. The development of work and organizational psychology in Czechoslovakia was briefly discontinued in the 1950s, and subsequently revived at the turn of the fifties and sixties, when professional psychological activities started taking place at universities and in various research institutions. In order to solve contemporary problems related to the human factor in industry, professional psychological workplaces were either renewed or newly created in several large enterprises and organizations and their management departments. The scope of their activities was extensive and included routine selective diagnostics as well as consulting, and expert activities including scientific research. At present, following the transition to a market economy after 1990, professional activities and staffing of psychological workplaces in individual economic organizations and companies have been gradually reduced to complete dissolution, and the efforts to meet the requirements for psychological services have been moved to specialized external companies. The third part of the study discusses selected experts who significantly contributed to the development of Czech work and organizational psychology and their publishing activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]