Water quality monitoring is the main basis for water quality assessment and water pollution control. According toStandard Test Method for sanitary standard of drinking water (GB/T5750-2006), we monitor COD, nitrate, ammonia nitrogen, arsenic, TDS and pH of 20 samples in Poyang Lake area rural drinking water. Results show that pass rate of ammonia nitrogen, arsenic and TDS were 100%, pass rates of nitrate was 78.95%, pass rates of pH was 68.42%, and COD indicators pass rate was only 26.32%. Based on the analysis of the main pollutants in drinking water in the area, the nanofiltration membrane technology was applied to the deep treatment of drinking water in the centralized water supply department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]