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In the context of the European Commission's proposal for the harmonization of front-of-pack nutrition labels (FoPLs) across the European Union scheduled for 2023, Portugal's position on the preferred format to be adopted remains unclear. Our study aims to (1) describe the context of the political decision regarding FoPL's implementation in Portugal, (2) identify and characterize the actors involved in the debate and (3) evaluate their influence in the decision-making process and their position on the various formats of FoPLs considered. A document review complemented by a qualitative study with eight experts revealed the actors involved in the implementation of FoPLs in Portugal. The stakeholder theory was used to qualify their level of influence on the decision. To complement the experts' analysis, the views of 1014 Portuguese consumers on stakeholders' influence were collected via an online questionnaire. The results show a strong mobilization of the Portuguese Ministry of Health on the issue through the production of several technical and scientific reports. The background of the political decision related to FoPLs in Portugal highlights the commitment of some influential stakeholders in favour of the traffic light format, including one of the major Portuguese retailers, Continente. Nevertheless, in the face of public support for the Nutri-Score from a growing number of actors, Portugal has not yet adopted a specific format, partly due to some resistance from the agricultural sector. Portugal, by lack of consensus and agenda setting, is now awaiting formal harmonization of FoPLs by the European Commission. This study provides useful insights for public policy actors when promoting interventional measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the definition that the European Commission (2001) offered us, corporate social responsibility is a set of measures that an organization can adapt, to improve the well-being of its stakeholders and promote the balance of economic, social, and environmental performance. The stakeholder theory clarifies that this decision-making must take into consideration all groups of people, being the only way of having a proportional benefit. Based on this premise, in this study, we intend to unravel the main determinants of corporate social responsibility in 63 Portuguese companies. To accomplish that, we used panel data, withdrawn from the SABI database, in the period comprehended between 2008 and 2018, applying the Probit model and the dynamic GMM for robustness check. The sample is composed of 42 companies that find themselves listed in the Portuguese stock exchange and 21 that do not. We can verify that the outcomes allow the analyses of nine variables, among them, only the audit, the asset rotation ratio, the debt ratio, the size, age, and financial autonomy show themselves as statistically positive in the implementation of corporate social responsibility practices. Even though the outcomes were not what we initially predicted, they revealed the positive impact of such practices. We consider them necessary and a reality that companies should pursue, even for the gains of capital that it might represent. We firmly believe that being socially responsible constitutes an essential practice from which all of us can benefit, contributing to life improvement in the community and for environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: Despite measurement difficulties, several studies have recognized the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a tool to promote sustainability. The aim of this paper is to design a model to measure the implementation of CSR practices in hotels in two well‐known tourist regions, namely the Algarve in Portugal and the Costa del Sol in Spain. To do this, a Delphi method was applied: 16 experts from the two regions were asked to quantify the desirability of implementing 32 CSR practices in three areas: environmental, social, and economic. As a result, a three‐dimensional model was constructed to provide a quantitative overview of the hotel industry's commitment to and preferences in implementing CSR practices. Despite the high level of consistency between the two groups, statistically significant differences were found in the priority assigned to four CSR practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to discuss stakeholders’ influence on higher education institutions’ (HEIs) internationalization, through an analysis of the relationships established between stakeholders’ importance and the institutions’ rationales for internationalization, the strategies developed for internationalization, and the benefits from internationalization. Data for this study were collected in 80 Portuguese, Dutch, and Brazilian HEIs, using a questionnaire adapted from the 2nd and 3rd International Survey of Internationalization of the International Association of Universities. The results obtained from a descriptive–correlational treatment of the data allowed developing and proposing a typology for stakeholders’ classification and a model for their influence on internationalization. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In accordance with the importance of the student stakeholder to universities, the objective of this research project was to evaluate student satisfaction at Portuguese public universities as regards their self-expressed core expectations. The research was based both on stakeholder theory itself and on previous studies of university stakeholders. The empirical study began with an exploratory study of students at one university to identify their demands, resulting in 25 indicators. These were the basis of a quantitative study, involving students at 11 Portuguese public universities. We received a total of 1669 correctly filled out online surveys. Data analysis deployed descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. We conclude that the level of course requirements, enhanced student value in the employment market, personal student self-fulfilment, the university’s environment, motivating lessons and university bureaucratic processes are the key demands strengthening and deepening student satisfaction with both their course of study and the university. Therefore, these factors should receive priority attention from university management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Planning the redevelopment of brownfields according to the principles of sustainable development is a significant challenge, particularly for rural brownfields that have little hope of attracting private investment. In this paper, we propose a sustainability framework for rural brownfield redevelopment planning that incorporates the concerns and expectations of stakeholders in the process, aiming at the integration of various forms of place making. This work is part of the ongoing REHMINE project. The area studied is the São Domingos mine in southeast Portugal, part of the Iberian Pyrite Belt region. The methodology included the mapping of stakeholders in the São Domingos mine redevelopment process; semi-structured interviews with those stakeholders; and content analysis of the interviews. The results from the field were then crossed with a detailed analysis of the literature on brownfield regeneration and validated by a participative process. The outcome was a sustainability redevelopment framework that illustrates how the integration of different perspectives and forms of place making can lead to a locally adapted sustainable development overview that can support the redevelopment planning of a brownfield in a rural setting. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Stakeholder theory is used to explore the voluntary disclosure of information regarding intellectual capital in the annual reports of listed Portuguese companies. The observed level and pattern of voluntary disclosure is found to be consistent with the managerial branch of stakeholder theory; and to be influenced strongly by the power of minority shareholders, creditors, consumer proximity, employees, the intensity of the holding of intangibles in the industry in which a company is located, and managerial board ownership. The understandings that emerge should inform regulatory efforts aimed at improving the level, quantity and scope of disclosures of intellectual capital items in financial reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]