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Currently, theorists of historical sociology highlight education as an element of singular importance in the complex processes of modernization, diversely experienced in particular regional and national scenarios. Following this perspective, the object of analysis here is the movement to elaborate educational policies in the first half of the 1930s in Portugal and Brazil, taking it as an exponent of the modernizing dilemmas faced by such societies. Safeguarding their specificities and positionalities, it is observed that, in the course of the accentuated institutional reformulations that both nations experienced in such a historical environment - that is, discretionary period and constitutional reformulation -, collective ideas act in the configuration of projects of the Nation outlined in a critical dialogue between local realities and the challenges of building a modern identity. In this regard, the formulation of educational legislation appears invested with a peculiar heuristic value for understanding the competing social meanings that guided political actions in each of these national contexts. Such semantics are captured through the Content Analysis (CA) technique of the legislative acts of the Military Dictatorship recorded in the Government Gazettes of the Republic of Portugal in the period between 1926-1933 and documents related to the elaboration of the 1933 Constitution in Portugal, as well as the Annals of the National Constituent Assembly of 1933/34 in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Historía da Sociedade e da Cultura is the property of Revista de Historia da Sociedade e da Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the political and identity mobilization of history in the process of independence of Brazil, considering that the formation of the State and the emergence of the nation in the Brazil are two dimensions articulated in the context of crisis and overcome the Ancient Regime Portuguese in America. More specifically, we intend to discuss the discursive mobilization of the recent historical experience in the periodic press published in Brazil between 1821 and 1822. The text is guided by the hypothesis, inspired by the theoretical assertions of R. Koselleck, that as a project of independence is crystallized, the "colonial past" tended to lose its regulatory powers to the present, while at the same time that there was an intense appreciation of the "recent past". It seeks to demonstrate how this element, among other factors, legitimized and guided, in terms of discourse and identity, the process of independence of Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores why the Portuguese Jews of northern Europe never established a solid sense of belonging to the wider Sephardi diaspora. It explores how, historically, the Conversos lost the consciousness of being "Sephardi" in the generations after the expulsion from Spain and the mass baptism of Portugal's Jews in 1497. To be sure, once the Portuguese ex-Conversos organized in Jewish communities, their leaders made efforts to reconnect with the wider Sephardi world, and these efforts had serious symbolic and strategic value. But the Portuguese Jews' rootedness in the Converso experience meant that their core sense of collective self remained distinct. Contributing factors to their enduring sense of distinctness were these aspects of Converso experience: the absorption of Catholic notions of piety; the "de-rabbinization" of crypto-Jewish belief; and the difficulty for many Conversos of maintaining any stable set of traditional beliefs. The outward image their leaders sought to cultivate may have been one of Sephardi traditionalism, but, at an emotional level, members of these communities continued to regard themselves as members of the "nação"—a term that evoked the Converso past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]