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From the 1990s onwards, sustainability became one of the objectives of the tourism sector. Since then, several institutions have created particularly significant and relevant indicator systems, covering the measurement of sustainability in areas where tourism is an important source of income. However, many of these systems do not consider the characteristics of the territory or the local idiosyncrasy. In practice, the use of 'generic' indicators omits and generalises problems of an environmental, social, political and economic nature, ignoring the fact that each territory has its own uniqueness which, in many cases, is what attracts tourists and visitors. This research analise the level of sustainability based on residents' perceptions. With more than 2,100 surveys conducted in coastal regions of Spain and Portugal, with strong seasonality and high tourism dependence at the economic level, it was concluded that local participation presents different characteristics in each destination, reinforcing the need to implement new techniques for measuring sustainability that have the opinion of the resident population as a way to facilitate the governance of the tourism territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical Framework: Phenomenon of study: Authority exercised by nurses is based in the referential of symbolic interactionism, giving meaning to their subjectivity. Objectives: To analyse how nurse managers apply authority in conflict resolution and its meaning. Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive research conducted in Portuguese health institutions. Thirteen nursing leaders of the highest management level participated in the study. Interviews were conducted. Then, the information was selected through the colorimetric technique to associate contents and confirm categories. The systematic and interpretative analysis was used to determine the symbolism of authority and conflict resolution. Results: The nurse manager has specific skills and characteristics in the affective dimension and capacity to help during conflict management. Authority acquires a humanised meaning to be applied with impartiality, justice and equality, taking into account the health needs of the citizen. Conclusion: The humanised intervention of the manager projects a strategy posture before the conflict, showing the integrating components: Nurse, process, institution and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We performed homozygosity mapping in two recently reported pedigrees from Portugal and Mexico with an autosomal-recessive autoinflammatory syndrome characterized by joint contractures, muscle atrophy, microcytic anemia, and panniculitis-induced lipodystrophy (JMP). This revealed only one homozygous region spanning 2.4 Mb (5818 SNPs) on chromosome 6p21 shared by all three affected individuals from both families. We directly sequenced genes involved in immune response located in this critical region, excluding the HLA complex genes. We found a homozygous missense mutation c.224C>T (p.Thr75Met) in the proteasome subunit, beta-type, 8 (PSMB8) gene in affected patients from both pedigrees. The mutation segregated in an autosomal-recessive fashion and was not detected in 275 unrelated ethnically matched healthy subjects. PSMB8 encodes a catalytic subunit of the 20S immunoproteasomes called β5i. Immunoproteasome-mediated proteolysis generates immunogenic epitopes presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Threonine at position 75 is highly conserved and its substitution with methionine disrupts the tertiary structure of PSMB8. As compared to normal lymphoblasts, those from an affected patient showed significantly reduced chymotrypsin-like proteolytic activity mediated by immunoproteasomes. We conclude that mutations in PSMB8 cause JMP syndrome, most probably by affecting MHC class I antigen processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to study the unidimensional and multidimensional nature of creativity when assessed through divergent thinking tasks, as proposed in Torrance's battery (Torrance Creative Thinking Test, TTCT). This battery is made up of various tasks with verbal and figurative content, aimed at estimating the level of creativity according to the dimensions or cognitive functions of fluency, flexibility, originality and elaboration of the individuals' ideas. This work used a sample of 595 Portuguese students from 5th and 6th grade. The results of confirmatory factor analysis reveals that the unidimensional model (a general factor of creativity) and the model of factors as a function of the cognitive dimensions of creativity, based on task content, do not fit well. The model with the best fit has a hierarchical factor structure, in which the first level comprises the factors for each of the subtests applied and the second level includes verbal or figurative content. The difficulty to verify the structural validity of the TTCT is noted, and the need for further studies to achieve, in practice, better individual creativity scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of agenesis, supernumerary teeth, impacted teeth and transpositions, as well as the relation between them, in a Portuguese sample., Material and Methods: The study sample consisted of 2888 patients, observed between 2005 and 2009 at the Dentistry Clinic of the Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde-Norte (ISCSN, Portugal). The study included evaluation of the following parameters: agenesis of all teeth, supernumerary teeth, impacted permanent teeth and tooth transposition. The age range varied from 7 to 21 years. In order to study the absence of the third molar, subjects aged below 14 years were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS(®)., Results: Excluding third molars, the prevalence of tooth agenesis, supernumerary teeth, impacted teeth and transpositions was 6.1%, 0.8%, 1.8% and 0.2%, respectively, for this Portuguese population. There was a significantly higher prevalence of supernumerary teeth in males than in females (P < 0.05). The mesiodens was the most frequent supernumerary tooth, the upper canine was the most frequent impacted tooth, and the upper canine and upper lateral were the two most frequently transposed teeth. There was a significantly higher prevalence of missing third molars in the impacted canine group than in the non-impacted canine group (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Agenesis is the most frequent dental anomaly. There are no differences between genders, except for supernumerary teeth, which are found more frequently in men. A relation between third molar agenesis and impacted canines was found., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of hypodontia in the permanent dentition, including and excluding third molars, in a Portuguese sample., Patients and Methods: The study group comprised 2888 patients, observed between 2005 and 2009 at the Dentistry Clinic of the Instituto Superior de Ciências de Saúde-Norte (ISCSN, Portugal). The patients were examined for evidence of hypodontia and presence or absence of deciduous teeth in those presenting agenesis. The age range varied from 7 to 21 years. In order to study the absence of the third molar, subjects under 14 years were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS(®)., Results: Excluding third molars, the prevalence of tooth agenesis was 6.1% for the Portuguese population. Tooth agenesis was found more frequently in females than in males, although this difference was not statistically significant (P>.05). The most commonly missing tooth was the mandibular second premolar, followed by maxillary lateral incisor, and maxillary second premolar. There was a significantly higher prevalence of missing third molars in the agenesis group than in the non-agenesis group. There was a correlation between second premolar and upper lateral agenesis with presence of their corresponding deciduous teeth., Conclusions: The prevalence of tooth agenesis was found to be 6.1% for this Portuguese population and there was a correlation between agenesis and presence of deciduous teeth and between agenesis and missing third molars., (Copyright © 2012 CEO. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The c.156&#95;157insAlu BRCA2 mutation has so far only been reported in hereditary breast/ovarian cancer (HBOC) families of Portuguese origin. Since this mutation is not detectable using the commonly used screening methodologies and must be specifically sought, we screened for this rearrangement in a total of 5,443 suspected HBOC families from several countries. Whereas the c.156&#95;157insAlu BRCA2 mutation was detected in 11 of 149 suspected HBOC families from Portugal, representing 37.9% of all deleterious mutations, in other countries it was detected only in one proband living in France and in four individuals requesting predictive testing living in France and in the USA, all being Portuguese immigrants. After performing an extensive haplotype study in carrier families, we estimate that this founder mutation occurred 558 ± 215 years ago. We further demonstrate significant quantitative differences regarding the production of the BRCA2 full length RNA and the transcript lacking exon 3 in c.156&#95;157insAlu BRCA2 mutation carriers and in controls. The cumulative incidence of breast cancer in carriers did not differ from that of other BRCA2 and BRCA1 pathogenic mutations. We recommend that all suspected HBOC families from Portugal or with Portuguese ancestry are specifically tested for this rearrangement.