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The information is presented on the activity of Roshydromet in high-latitude and polar regions for providing the hydrometeorological safety of population and economy in the Arctic and presence in Antarctica as well as on its development and modernization since the 2000s and on the contribution of Roshydromet to Russian studi es and works in the framework of the International Polar Year 2007-2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polar information falls into at least six categories: information about researchers, organizations, research facilities, research projects, research datasets, and publications. The management of polar research datasets has been the focus of significant attention in recent years, but it is only one piece of the polar information world. The other information types are needed to provide context to, and extract knowledge from, the raw data. Here, I discuss the possibilities for linking the various types of information categories in Canada to create a truly holistic view of Canadian Arctic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers the author's insights on the issues discussed at the third International Polar Year 2007-2008 (IPY) conference in Montreal, Quebec. The author presents the global actions and polar knowledge discusses on the conference including the Arctic ice, global ocean circulation, and water acidification. He also mentions the topics on polar marine ecosystem, arctic communities, and organic carbon.

Shipboard measurements of organohalogen compounds in air and surface seawater were conducted in the Canadian Arctic in 2007-2008. Study areas included the Labrador Sea, Hudson Bay, and the southern Beaufort Sea. High volume air samples were collected at deck level (6 m), while low volume samples were taken at 1 and 15 m above the water or ice surface. Water samples were taken within 7 m. Water concentration ranges (pg L1) were as follows: α-hexachlo-rocyclohexane (α-HCH) 465-1013, γ-HCH 150-254, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) 4.0-6.4, 2,4-dibromoanisole (DBA) 8.5-38, and 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (TBA) 4.7-163. Air concentration ranges (pg m-3) were as follows: α-HCH 7.5-48, γ-HCH 2.1-7.7, HCB 48-71, DBA 4.8-25, and TBA 6.4 - 39. Fugacity gradients predicted net deposition of HCB in all areas, while exchange directions varied for the other chemicals by season and locations. Net evasion of α-HCH from Hudson Bay and the Beaufort Sea during open water conditions was shown by air concentrations that averaged 14% higher at 1 m than 15 m. No significant difference between the two heights was found over ice cover. The α-HCH in air over the Beaufort Sea was racemic in winter (mean enantiomer fraction, EF = 0.504 ± 0.008) and nonracemic in late spring-early summer (mean EF = 0.476 ± 0.010). This decrease in EF was accompanied by a rise in air concentrations due to volatilization of nonracemic α-HCH from surface water (EF = 0.457 ± 0.019). Fluxes of chemicals during the southern Beaufort Sea open water season (i.e., Leg 9) were estimated using the Whitman two-film model, where volatilization fluxes are positive and deposition fluxes are negative. The means ± SD (and ranges) of net fluxes (ng m-2 d-1) were as follows: α-HCH 6.8 ± 3.2 (2.7-13), γ-HCH 0.76 ± 0.40 (0.26-1.4), HCB -9.6 ± 2.7 (-6.1 to -15), DBA 1.2 ± 0.69 (0.04-2.0), and TBA 0.46 ± 1.1 ng m-2 d-1 (-1.6 to 2.0). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Circumpolar Flaw Lead (CFL) system study is a Canadian-led International Polar Year (IPY) initiative with over 350 participants from 27 countries. The study is multidisciplinary in nature, integrating physical sciences, biological sciences and Inuvialuit traditional knowledge. The CFL study is designed to investigate the importance of changing climate processes in the flaw lead system of the northern hemisphere on the physical, biogeochemical and biological components of the Arctic marine system. The circumpolar flaw lead is a perennial characteristic of the Arctic throughout the winter season and forms when the mobile multi-year (MY) pack ice moves away from coastal fast ice, creating recurrent and interconnected polynyas in the Norwegian, Icelandic, North American and Siberian sectors of the Arctic. The CFL study was 293 days in duration and involved the overwintering of the Canadian research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen in the Cape Bathurst flaw lead throughout the annual sea-ice cycle of 2007-2008.In this paper we provide an introduction to the CFL project and then use preliminary data from the field season to describe the physical flaw lead system, as observed during the CFL overwintering project. Preliminary data show that ocean circulation is affected by eddy propagation into Amundsen Gulf (AG). Upwelling features arising along the ice edge and along abrupt topography are also detected and identified as important processes that bring nutrient rich waters up to the euphotic zone. Analysis of sea-ice relative vorticity and sea-ice area by ice type in the AG during the CFL study illustrates increased variability in ice vorticity in late autumn 2007 and an increase in new and young ice areas in the AG during winter. Analysis of atmospheric data show that a strong northeast-southwest pressure gradient present over the AG in autumn may be a synoptic-scale atmospheric response to sensible and latent heat fluxes arising from areas of open water persisting into late November 2007. The median atmospheric boundary layer temperature profile over the Cape Bathurst flaw lead during the winter season was stable but much less so when compared to Russian ice island stations.[Traduit par la rédaction] L'étude du système du chenal de séparation circumpolaire (CSC) est une initiative de l'Année polaire internationale (API) menée par le Canada et à laquelle 350 participants provenant de 27 pays ont pris part. L'étude, de nature multidisciplinaire, fait appel aux sciences physiques et biologiques ainsi qu'au savoir traditionnel Inuvialuit. L'étude du CSC vise à examiner les répercussions des processus climatiques changeants dans le système du chenal de séparation de l'hémisphère Nord sur les composantes physiques, biogéochimiques et biologiques du système marin arctique. Le CSC est une caractéristique permanente de l'Arctique durant la saison d'hiver et se forme quand la banquise mobile de glace de plusieurs années s'éloigne de la banquise côtière fixe en créant des polynies récurrentes et interconnectées dans les secteurs norvégien, islandais, nord-américain et sibérien de l'Arctique. Pour mener l'étude du CSC, qui a duré 293 jours, le brise-glace de recherche canadien NGCC Amundsen est demeuré dans le chenal de séparation du cap Bathurst tout l'hiver, c'est-à-dire pendant tout le cycle annuel des glaces de mer de 2007-2008.Dans cet article, nous fournissons une introduction au projet du CSC, puis nous utilisons les données préliminaires de la saison sur le terrain pour décrire le système physique du chenal de séparation, tel qu'observé durant l'hiver du projet du CSC. Les données préliminaires montrent que la circulation océanique est influencée par la propagation de tourbillon dans le golfe d'Amundsen (GA). Des caractéristiques de remontée d'eau le long de la lisière des glaces et le long d'éléments topographiques abrupts ont aussi été observées et identifiées comme des processus importants apportant des eaux riches en nutriments jusqu'à la zone euphotique. L'analyse de la vorticité relative de la glace de mer et de la superficie de la glace de mer par type dans le GA durant l'étude du CSC révèle une variabilité accrue dans la vorticité de la glace à la fin de l'automne 2007 et un accroissement des superficies de nouvelle et de jeune glace dans le GA durant l'hiver. L'analyse des données atmosphériques montre que la présence d'un fort gradient de pression nord est - sud ouest au-dessus du GA en automne peut être une réponse atmosphérique d'échelle synoptique aux flux de chaleur sensible et latente à partir des zones d'eaux libres qui ont persisté jusque vers la fin de novembre 2007. Le profil thermique de la couche limite atmosphérique médiane au-dessus du chenal de séparation du cap Bathurst durant la saison hivernale était stable, mais beaucoup moins que les profils observés aux stations des îles de glace russes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Transdisciplinary Research Integration Center (TRIC) advances the basic objectives under the umbrella of the Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS). The TRIC co-ordinates the development of novel fields of research within the Inter-University Research Institute Corporation of Japan. The TRIC program fosters integrated research and develops information platforms that support the quest for new paradigms in the fields of Earth science and life systems. The project, “Environmental and Genetic Approach for Life on Earth with a Study of Relevant Modeling and Prediction Techniques (EAGLE)” began under the TRIC program in 2005. The goal of the EAGLE project is to improve our understanding of ecosystems on Earth and to investigate the mechanisms leading to the evolution of life and the adaptation of species as a result of past environmental changes. The EAGLE project is also positioned as a national project of the “Microbiological and Ecological Responses to Global Environmental Changes in polar regions (MERGE) program”, so called, “MERGE-Japan” which was initiated as part of the International Polar Year (IPY, 2007–2008). A general outline of the current achievements and discussion of the EAGLE project during the IPY period are presented in this progress report. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An integrated program, “Microbiological and ecological responses to global environmental changes in polar regions” (MERGE), was proposed in the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007–2008 and endorsed by the IPY committee as a coordinating proposal. MERGE hosts original proposals to the IPY and facilitates their funding. MERGE selected three key questions to produce scientific achievements. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms in terrestrial, lacustrine, and supraglacial habitats were targeted according to diversity and biogeography; food webs and ecosystem evolution; and linkages between biological, chemical, and physical processes in the supraglacial biome. MERGE hosted 13 original and seven additional proposals, with two full proposals. It respected the priorities and achievements of the individual proposals and aimed to unify their significant results. Ideas and projects followed a bottom-up rather than a top-down approach. We intend to inform the MERGE community of the initial results and encourage ongoing collaboration. Scientists from non-polar regions have also participated and are encouraged to remain involved in MERGE. MERGE is formed by scientists from Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Spain, UK, Uruguay, USA, and Vietnam, and associates from Chile, Denmark, Netherlands, and Norway. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents the author's views about the International Polar Year 2007-2008 (IPY) and the Norwegian-American Scientific Traverse of East Antarctica. The author says that 50 or 60 thousand scientists, technicians and crew carried out more than 200 research projects during the IPY. The author further says that new research programmes are being conceived to address questions raised by the old ones and plans are being made to sustain polar monitoring systems in Norway and other countries.

The year 2007 marked the beginning of the fourth International Polar Year, another frenzy of big science and circumpolar interest in questions of sovereignty, climate change, resources, and so on. At the same time, in the domain of the humanities, there are a host of re-elaborations of the very discourses of nordicity that seek to bring to light a North that is no longer merely an empty space and passage to elsewhere; rather, it is a North that has become a site and a figure, and a caution and a limit-a problem, in other words. My text proceeds from the unstable ground of this refigured nordicity. In the summer of 2005, I went North to the Mackenzie River basin with the typewritten field journals of Harold Innis. The young Innis had made the same trip in the summer of 1924, and my initial interest was an attempt to retrace his steps and to reflect on the place of North (as margin) in the development of his ideas at that time. Where his abiding concern had been production, innovation, and social relations, my own interest concerned method, writing, and landscape. Nonetheless, as I travelled up the length of the "River of Disappointment," as Mackenzie called it, a methodological dialogue emerged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the International Polar Year (IPY), a program focused on the Arctic and the Antarctic regions from March 2007 to March 2009. Scientists and technicians use these two summer field seasons to make a detailed meteorological and climate variability analysis and eventually deploy instruments that will continue to furnish data on ice dynamics.

The article provides an overview of the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2008. It states the IPY 2007-2008 focuses on ecosystem and human health and the development of indigenous societies and economics. It notes that the IPY 2007-2008 plays a significant role in promoting cooperation and coordination on Arctic research and in increasing awareness and visibility of the Arctic region.

The article focuses on the International Polar Year of 2007-2008, international and collaborative science and outreach in Polar regions. It represents one of the most ambitious co-ordinated international science programmes ever attempted. The poles are recognised as sensitive barometers of environmental change and exceptional archives of what the Earth was like before. Furthermore, the said event are being launched every three months and focuses on specific aspect of real and current research.

The article focuses on the International Polar Year (IPY) program from March 2007 to March 2009. The purpose of IPY is to offer an international and interdisciplinary approach in order to understand the behavior of the polar regions and to facilitate observation during all seasons. The characteristic of previous IPYs is the role of polar regions in the broader earth system. Capacity building, public awareness and information dissemination are among the expected legacy of the IPY campaign.