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Wstęp. Przyjmuje się, że w Polsce przewlekłe zaburzenia żylne dotyczą łącznie około połowy populacji dorosłych. Powodują długotrwałe ograniczenie zdolności do pracy, a nierzadko są przyczyną trwałego kalectwa. W związku z tym prawidłowa oraz łatwo dostępna diagnostyka zaburzeń funkcjonowania układu żylnego, a co z tego wynika odpowiednia kwalifikacja do leczenia operacyjnego nabierają zasadniczego znaczenia wobec rosnącej roli tej patologii wśród chorób cywilizacyjnych. Celem pracy jest wykazanie, że ultrasonografia doplerowska stanowi referencyjną metodę badania układu żylnego kwalifikującą do leczenia operacyjnego żylaków kończyn dolnych. Materiał i metody. Badaniem objęto zarówno pacjentów, którzy zgłosili się do poradni z powodu dolegliwości bólowych, obrzęków oraz dyskomfortu w zakresie kończyn dolnych, jak i grupę osób zakwalifikowanych do leczenia operacyjnego na Oddziale Chirurgii Ogólnej i Onkologicznej, SPZOZ w Bolesławcu. Wyniki. W okresie od lipca 2008 r. do kwietnia 2010 r. na ultrasonograficzne badanie doplerowskie zgłosiły się 663 osoby (491 kobiet oraz 172 mężczyzn -- odpowiednio 74% kobiet i 26% mężczyzn) w wieku od 15 do 82 lat (średnia wieku 51 lat). U 126 pacjentów (19% badanej populacji) nie stwierdzono obecności patologii żylnej. Najczęstszą rozpoznawaną patologią wśród płci żeńskiej była niewydolność obu ujść i pni żyły odpiszczelowej (GSV) (125 badanych, co stanowi 25% pacjentek). Wśród mężczyzn natomiast największą grupę stanowiły osoby z niewydolnymi perforatorami podudzia (40 osób, czyli 23% mężczyzn). Do leczenia operacyjnego zakwalifikowano 227 osób (199 kobiet i 78 mężczyzn). Najmłodszy pacjent miał 16 lat (mężczyzna), najstarszy 81 lat (kobieta) -- średnia wieku 52 lata. Safenektomię wykonano u 166 kobiet i 70 mężczyzn, co stanowiło 85% wszystkich zabiegów. Wnioski. Ultrasonografia metodą podwójnego obrazowania umożliwia przeprowadzenie dokładnej diagnostyki patologii układu żylnego. Uzyskane w pracy wyniki potwierdzają dane epidemiologiczne dla krajów europejskich. Diagnostyka chorób żylnych, kwalifikacja do leczenia operacyjnego oraz możliwość zaplanowania zakresu zabiegu za pomocą ultrasonograficznego badania doplerowskiego metodą podwójnego obrazowania pozwalają na krótki okres hospitalizacji, co ma duże znaczenie, biorąc pod uwagę fakt dużej częstości występowania chorób żył w populacji (33% kobiet, 20% mężczyzn). Ze względu na nieinwazyjność badania, stosunkowo niski koszt oraz dużą dokładność badanie to powinno być metodą z wyboru w diagnostyce i kwalifikacji do leczenia operacyjnego żylaków kończyn dolnych. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wstęp. Tętniakiem aorty brzusznej (TAB) określa się poszerzenie aorty poniżej odejścia tętnic nerkowych o średnicy powyżej 3 cm. Częstość występowania TAB szacuje się na 4-8% u mężczyzn w wieku 65 lat i więcej. Współczynnik umieralności dla pacjentów z pękniętym TAB wynosi 65%, natomiast śmiertelność pooperacyjna dla operacji naprawczych tętniaka aorty w trybie planowym wśród pacjentów poddanych wcześniej badaniu przesiewowemu wynosi 3%. Podstawowym celem pracy było określenie częstości występowania (chorobowość, prevalence) TAB wśród mężczyzn w wieku 60 lat i starszych poddanych ukierunkowanemu badaniu ultrasonograficznemu aorty w odcinku brzusznym. Dodatkowo zbadano zależności między określonymi czynnikami ryzyka a TAB oraz częstość występowania TAB w subgrupach pacjentów określonych według kryteriów programów badań przesiewowych w kierunku TAB. Materiał i metody. Na podstawie dostępnego piśmiennictwa zdefiniowano populację narażoną, tj. mężczyzn w wieku 60 lat i starszych. Zastosowano następujące metody badawcze: 1) metodę kwestionariuszową; 2) pomiar cechy fizycznej (badanie ultrasonograficzne średnicy aorty w odcinku brzusznym). Kwestionariusz składał się z dwóch części: 1) dotyczącej danych identyfikacyjnych i demograficznych; 2) dotyczącej występowania czynników ryzyka. Analiza danych z kwestionariusza umożliwiła określenie zależności między badanymi czynnikami ryzyka a TAB, natomiast poddanie zdefiniowanej części populacji badaniu ultrasonograficznemu aorty umożliwiło wykrycie choroby (tętniak aorty brzusznej) i określenie częstość jej występowania. Analizę statystyczną uzyskanych danych przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem oprogramowania STATISTICA 9 (StatSoft, Inc. 2009). Wyniki. Na podstawie wykonanych 1556 badań ultrasonograficznych aorty brzusznej tętniak zdiagnozowano u 94 mężczyzn w wieku 60 lat i starszych. Częstość występowania (prevalence) TAB w badanej grupie wyniosła 6,0%. Czynniki ryzyka związane z TAB analizowano, wyodrębniając dwie grupy: I -- TAB (n = 94) i II -- aorta prawidłowa (n = 1464). Istotny statystycznie związek z TAB miały 3 czynniki ryzyka: wiek, palenie tytoniu i występowanie rodzinne TAB. Częstość występowania TAB w grupie mężczyzn w 65. roku życia wyniosła 4,0%, natomiast w grupie mężczyzn między 65. a 75. rokiem życia, palących kiedykolwiek tytoń, wyniosła 7,4%. Wnioski. Na podstawie uzyskanych danych stwierdzono częstość występowania TAB podobną do tej z piśmiennictwa. Dodatkowo stwierdzono także zależności między wiekiem, paleniem tytoniu i występowaniem rodzinnym TAB a zachorowaniem na TAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appropriate hydration is a very important prognostic factor for the patient's health. Ultrasonographic assessment of hydration status is rarely used in pediatric medicine and it is not used at all in neonates due to the fact that no reference values have been established for this age group. The aim of the paper was to establish reference values for neonates. Material and methods: The study included 50 neonates from two hospitals in the Lower Silesia region of Poland; 25 of them were healthy patients (full-term newborns with no perinatal complications) and 25 were sick patients (newborns with heart defects such as ostium secundum atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, permanent foramen ovale and patent ductus arteriosus as well as newborns with neonatal jaundice or pneumonia that occurred during the first days of life). The ultrasound scans were conducted during the first days of the children's life. For every child inferior vena cava diameter was measured in the substernal area, longitudinal plane, M-mode in two respiratory phases: inhalation and exhalation. In addition, abdominal aorta diameter was determined (substernal area, transverse plane). Results: The study demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the calculated inferior vena cava collapsibility index between both groups. Two other indices included the ratio of the inferior vena cava diameter during the expiratory phase to the diameter of the aorta and the ratio of the inferior vena cava diameter during the inspiratory phase to the diameter of the aorta; a statistically significant difference between both groups was found only for the measurements in the inspiratory phase. Conclusions: Based on the study results normal ranges for hydration indices in neonates were established. The need for the measurement of the abovementioned parameters in the inspiratory phase was determined. In addition, the usefulness of the ultrasound examination for the evaluation of body fluid status in this pediatric age group, particularly in preterm newborns, was noted due to its painless and non-invasive nature as well as easy access to equipment at neonatology wards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Chronic venous disorders affect about half of the Polish adult population. This pathology usually results in long-term work incapacity and is often the cause of total permanent disability (TPD). Therefore, a proper and easily available method of diagnosing venous insufficiency, and thus adequate evaluation for surgical treatment, is of particular importance since this type of pathology is becoming more frequent among non-communicable diseases (NCD). The goal of this dissertation is to demonstrate Doppler ultrasonography as a referential test method eligible for the treatment of varicose veins. Material and methods. The study included the patients, who came to specialist medical private practice because of painful sensation and oedema of the lower limbs, and patients who were qualified for surgical intervention in the Department of General and Oncological Surgery of the Public Hospital of Bolesławiec. Results. In the period from July 2008 to April 2010 the study covered 663 patients (491 women and 172 men, i.e. women 74% and men 26%) aged from 15 years to 82 years (mean age 51 years). The most common pathology diagnosed among women was failure of the two estuaries and the trunks of GSV (great saphenous vein) (125 women, i.e. 25% of women). In men, the largest group were patients with leg perforator insufficiency (28% of men). In 126 patients (19%) no venous disorders were found. A total of 227 patients (199 women and 78 men) were qualified to surgical intervention in the Department of General and Oncological Surgery. The youngest patient was 16 years old (male) and the oldest was 81 years old (female) -- the mean age was 52 years. Saphenectomy was performed in 166 women and 70 men, which accounted for 85% of the total number of performed procedures. The mean duration of the hospitalization was 2 days (the shortest was one day, the longest was 3 days). Conclusions. Doppler ultrasonography with colour blood flow imaging (duplex scan) allows accurate diagnosis of the pathology of the venous system. The obtained results confirm epidemiological data for European countries. Nowadays, with the increasing tendency of shortening the time of hospitalization using this diagnostic method, which is non-invasive, relatively low cost, and high accuracy, should be the method of choice in the diagnosis and evaluation for the surgical treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities. The accurate qualification and precise plan of the surgical procedure made by the ultrasonography examination allow varicose vein surgery to be performed as a "the same day surgery", which is very important due to the high incidence of venous diseases in the population (33% of women, 20% of men). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Safety & Fire Technology (2657-8808) is the property of Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpozarowej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anaesthesiology & Rescue Medicine / Anestezjologia i Ratownictwo is the property of Akademia Medycyny Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. Ultrasonography is an inexpensive, safe, noninvasive tool for obtaining diagnoses without performing further imaging tests, and for the timely referral of patients to further diagnosis or specialist care. Objectives. To determine which ultrasound tests are most often performed by family physicians, and what factors contribute to their use of ultrasound imaging. Material and methods. This survey-based study using the authors' questionnaire was conducted in March 2016 among 81 primary care physicians who had completed weekend courses on ultrasound abdominal cavity imaging. Results. Family physicians most often took ultrasounds of the abdominal cavity (35/50; 70%) and thyroid gland (35/50, 12%). The odds of an ultrasound being performed at primary care centers with at least two physicians with the necessary skills were about 29.29 times higher than at centers with less than two skilled physicians (OR 29.29, 95% CI 3.77, 1347.92). Family physicians (46/81; 56.79%) referred 274 patients for further specialist diagnosis. The diagnosis of neoplastic disease was confirmed in 168 cases (168/274; 61.31%). The anomalies that were most often detected by family physicians using ultrasound imaging included: cholelithiasis (24/50; 48%), renal cysts (16/50; 32%), nephrolithiasis (5/50; 10%), aortic aneurysms (2/50; 4%). Conclusions. Family physicians' ability to perform ultrasound scans increases the probability of other doctors acquiring this skill. Weekend courses for family physicians significantly shorten patients' waiting time for such examinations. A network of professional and upto- date workshops improving the practical skills of family physicians in ultrasound diagnostics, as well as peer review groups focused on ultrasound diagnostics performed by family physicians, are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the guidelines for menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) issued by the Polish Menopause and Andropause Society as of December 2013. According to the guidelines, menopausal hormone therapy should be regarded as an element of health care provided for peri- and postmanopausal women and should be aimed to improve one's quality of life. It adds that all women should have accessed to reliable access on the information on benefits and risks associated with MHT.

Copyright of Menopausal Review / Przegląd Menopauzalny is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses a study analyzing the patterns and the age-related differences in the distribution of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) injury during traumatic patellar dislocation in children and adolescents. Medial patellofemoral ligament injuries were assessed preoperatively by sonography and then verified at surgery. Findings suggests that MPFL injury patterns vary in skeletally immature patients as compared to skeletally mature patients.

Copyright of Dermatology Review / Przeglad Dermatologiczny is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is called a widening of the aorta below the renal arteries with a diameter more than 3 cm. The prevalence of AAA is estimated at 4-8% in men aged 65 years or more. The mortality rate for patients with ruptured AAA is 65%, while the mortality rate for aortic aneurysm repair surgery in elective patients undergoing pre-screened is 3%. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of AAA among men aged 60 years and older undergoing targeted ultrasonography of abdominal aorta. The additional aim was to determine the relationship between specific risk factors and the AAA, and to determine the prevalence of AAA in patients subgroups specified by the criteria for the screening programmes for AAA. Material and methods. Based on available data from the literature, study populations was defined as men aged 60 years and older. Applied research methods were as follow: 1) the questionnaire; 2) measurement of physical characteristics of aorta (diameter of abdominal aorta by ultrasound scan). The questionnaire consisted of two parts: 1) identification and demographic data; 2) the presence of risk factors. Analysis of data from the questionnaire determined the relationship between the risk factors and the AAA, whereas ultrasonography of the aorta, detected the disease (abdominal aortic aneurysm) and its prevelance. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the software STATISTICA 9 (StatSoft, Inc., 2009). Results. Based on 1556 ultrasound scans, the abdominal aortic aneurysm was diagnosed in 94 men aged 60 years and older. The prevalence of AAA in the study group was 6.0%. Risk factors associated with the AAA were analyzed in two groups: I -- AAA (n = 94) and II -- normal aorta (n = 1464). The three risk factors were significantly associated with the AAA: age, smoking and family history, whereas the incidence of AAA in males at 65 years old was 4.0%, and a group of men between 65 and 75 years of age, smoking cigarettes ever, was 7.4%. Conclusions. In the obtained data the prevalence of AAA was similar to that of literature. Additionally, the positive relationship between age, smoking, and AAA was detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. To follow the development of children born with myelomeningocoele. Methods. We followed 54 infants born with myelomeningocele between 1991 and 2001 in the Obstetrical Department of the Medical University of Gdansk, Poland. Results. The mortality rate for live births was 40.8%. 13.0% of the children were stillborn and 5.5% were lost for observation. Late diagnosis, a high localization of the lesion, the presence of other malformations, and low birth weight increased the risk of death. Diagnosis was most commonly made in the 31-35th week of pregnancy. For 18.5% of the subjects, the diagnosis was postnatal. There was no correlation between the time and mode of delivery and mental development. Only some of the children were able to walk, to use braces, or use a wheelchair. Most of the children had poor bladder and bowel control. We found a correlation between these dysfunctions and the level of myelomeningocele. Conclusions. Myelomeningocoele is associated with high rates of mortality and severe psychomotoric retardation. The localization of the lesion has an impact on survival rate and sphincter control. Mental development depends on neonatal condition after delivery. Mode of delivery does not influence the child's further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Angiologica is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes expert debates relating to abortion in Poland between 1956 and 1993, a period when the procedure was legal and accessible. Through the pages of the primary Polish journal for gynecology and obstetrics, Ginekologia Polska, the author traces continuities and ruptures around three major intersecting themes: the procedure's indications, its (dis)connection to health, and the patient-doctor relationship. The journal became a forum showcasing interpretative tensions over indications for abortion and the malleability of the categories "therapeutic" and "social." In addition to these tensions, abortion was represented throughout this period as a potentially risky surgery, although this was initially nuanced with parallel representations of legal abortion combating maternal mortality. During the 1970s, abortion began to be linked to infertility, often in simplistic cause-and-effect terms. Simultaneously, opposition to abortion based on the idea of defense of the nation and fetal "life," surfaced in expert discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]