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The paper focuses on different generations of women artists who worked in Vilnius during the period of 1919-1939, analyses their roles in the society of Interwar Vilnius, and discusses the relevance of their artworks today. Women artists studied in the Department of Fine Arts in Stephen Báthory University, took part in various social activities, were members of art societies, worked in schools, organised exhibitions, and discussed art in the press. Some of these artists left for Poland during (or after) WWII and continued their work there (Barbara Houwalt, Krystyna Wróblewska). Others remained in Vilnius and tried to survive there by adjusting to the political changes (Eugenia Sienkiewicz-Przyałgowska, Sofia Urbonavičiūtė-Subačiuvienė). Some women artists were killed during the war raids (Kazimiera Adamska-Rouba) or in Nazi concentration camps (Roza (Rachel) Suckever-Ushaev), while the fate of the rest of them remains unknown. Their art (paintings, prints and sculptures) are an important testimony to the modernisation of Interwar Vilnius and its culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]