Search

Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) at 1.6-39 ng/g ww and 4.8-200 pg/mL, respectively, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) at 0.06-0.28 ng/g ww and < 0.05-1.8 pg/mL, and perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) at 0.13-0.57 ng/g ww and 0.05-1.8 pg/mL, were detected in all specimens of European Beaver's (Castor fiber) liver as well as in whole blood of Cod (Gadus morhua), Velvet Scoter (Melanitta fusca), Eider Duck (Sommateria mollisima), Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis), Razorbill (Alca torda), Red-throated Diver (Gavia stellata) sampled in Poland. At smaller concentrations and at less frequency was perfluorononanoate (PFNA) at 0.05-1.4 ng/g ww and < 0.2-2 pg/mL, perfluorohexanoate (PFHxA) at 0.03-0.23 ng/g ww and < 0.05-0.69 pg/mL, while perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) at 0.05-4.3 pg/mL and perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetate (PFOSA) at 0.1-13 pg/mL were also found in Cod as well as in molluscivorous diving-ducks and fish-eating birds but not in Beaver, while perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA) at < 0.05-0.74 pg/mL was found only in Cod. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Numerical simulations of CuO-based oxygen carrier in the CLC process were performed. • The experimental research was carried out on the FB-CLC-SF unit. • The 4th Generation of the CeSFaMB simulator was used to generate 1.5D CLC model. The paper deals with numerical simulations of CuO-based oxygen carrier in the Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) process by the use of CeSFaMB software. The oxygen carrier used in the study provides high both reaction rates and oxygen transfer capacity. However, despite these good properties the material tends to sinter at higher temperatures. Therefore, the support materials such as: ilmenite (20%) and fly ash (20%) was applied in order to improve features of the oxygen carrier. In this work, the 4th Generation of the CeSFaMB simulator was used to generate 1.5D CLC model for the CuO-based oxygen carrier. The developed comprehensive model includes hydrodynamics of fluidized bed and reaction kinetics of the CLC process. Successful validation of modeling results are performed on experimental results, obtained from the Fluidized-Bed Chemical-Looping-Combustion of Solid-Fuels (FB-CLC-SF) unit, which is located at the Institute of Advanced Energy Technologies, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland. The validation results showed good accuracy of the developed 1.5D CLC model. The maximum relative error between simulations and experiment results is approximately 8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]