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Purpose: The purpose of the article is to identify how the goals of sustainable development in the area of responsible consumption are realized, using the example of demand for electronic devices in Poland, and to identify opportunities for its solution. Design/methodology/approach: The article undertook to answer the question: how to reduce the negative impact of excessive consumption of electronic devices on the sustainable development goal of responsible production and consumption? The following methods were used: literature review, analysis of the results of research institutions and consulting agencies, deductive reasoning. Findings: The causes of excessive consumption of electronic devices and the generation of harmful waste are not only the relatively low awareness of consumers, but also the strategies of producers inspired by technological progress and the intensity of global competition. Therefore, in order to reduce this problem and increase the possibility of implementing the principles of responsible production and consumption, systemic solutions involving three parties are proposed: consumers, producers and the state. Practical implications: Opportunities and courses of action to reduce excessive demand for new electronic devices were suggested, which would better achieve the sustainable development goals in the area of responsible consumption. Originality/value: The article is a contribution/voice to the discussion of the controversy surrounding the implementation of sustainable development principles in the context of technological progress and the desire of companies to maximize profits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over 70 years of AAC production in Poland prompts us to present our path from the beginning of its manufacturing in 1951 to the high quality of today. To launch AAC production in Poland was a significant decision that helped rebuild the country after World War II. Today AAC is one of the most popular wall‐building materials in Poland (about 40%), and housing development, on a large scale, would be practically impossible without it. We will discuss the current steps we take in search of raw materials optimal for AAC production, both natural (primary) and recyclable (or "secondary"), like power‐generation, chemical, or other industry by‐products. We will also discuss changes to product assortment: from small‐size to medium and large‐size reinforced elements with full factory finish, as well as the state of the art in this area. We will look at technical progress in production processes. Given the AAC properties and our technology achievements, we believe that further AAC development will primarily concern phase composition, the microstructure and pore structure of aerated concrete. In our works, we have addressed those aspects and taken efforts to design AAC composition with carbon footprint in mind. We also carried out an extensive study on the durability of AAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article concerns practices related to the so-called the "second circulation" of musical materials in the Polish People's Republic. This phenomenon is studied in relation to the issues of contemporary economics, technological progress and, above all, issues of social institutionalization. The author considers the problems of reception of popular music in the country behind the Iron Curtain and methods of providing access to various types of recordings and their official and alternative tracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benchmarking is an essential tool for scientific and technological progress. This article reviews the benchmarks for 3D point cloud segmentation and classification. Based on the analysis of the articles and the knowledge gathered, it can be concluded that there has been an increase in the number of benchmarks, allowing to compare research results against specific performance metrics independently. However, benchmarks vary regarding the number of classes, spatial size, nomenclature, and class division. In this article, we introduce a new annotated 3D dataset - CENAGIS-ALS Benchmark. We propose a benchmark of highly dense lidar point clouds acquired by Leica CityMapper-2 for the Centre of Warsaw, Poland. The area covers 2 km2, and the data has a density of 275 pts/m2. The dataset consists of a number of classes that are distinguishable for this type of data. In addition to the basic classes, more specialized classes, important from the perspective of urban space, are also distinguished. Moreover, the division of classes consists of three levels of detail from coarse (e.g., a building) to refined elements (e.g., roofs, chimneys, and other rooftop objects). This benchmark can contribute to geospatial societies, considering the large spatial size of the study area with unified data quality and the higher number of classes with the hierarchical division compared to other benchmarking data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crime has been a common phenomenon for a long time, but its scope and operation are changing, and this is largely dependent on technological progress. We dealt with the development of crime and its negative effects in Poland during the political transformation process that took place after 1989. At that time, law enforcement agencies were not fully able to cope with this practice, and society painfully felt its effects. Many times, innocent people have faced several types of criminal acts. The main reasons that could have influenced the development of crime were social disorganization, lowering of the standard of living, unemployment, as well as visible and constantly deepening social differentiation. The most important task of law enforcement agencies protecting state borders is to provide citizens with basic forms of security so that they feel peaceful in their area of residence. The services should cooperate with each other at every level of securing state borders and protect citizens against any threats. The aim of the article is to analyze the impact of crimes on state security and the role of the Border Guard in securing the state border. The Border Guard plays a key role in this respect, therefore it should have the widest possible range of instruments enabling it to fulfill its duties in this area. This service proves every day that it has an enormous impact on the sense of security of citizens, and counteracting various threats, including crime, is a key element of the security of our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości is the property of Stowarzyszenie Ksiegowych w Polsce Rada Naukowa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For many SMEs innovation is essential to survive in a dynamically changing environment. Technological progress, including in particular the more intense use of digital technologies, increasingly pushes companies to take a fresh look at innovation and also indicates the need for changes in approach in the strategy adopted in order to become and stay innovative and competitive. New management approaches, flexibility of operations as well as product- and service-related innovativeness determines SMEs survival and development. As service SMEs start to compete more openly, rather than locally, their owners and managers have to stay alert and ready for changes. As digitization is beginning the factor which strongly influence how innovation processes are or can be implemented, also service SMEs should be actively aware of how digital transformation affects their environment. Emerging digital tools that aim to support the innovation process also influence its possible modifications, bringing a number of possible benefits and optimisations. The main objective of this paper is to expand the understanding of innovation process digitalization level and intensity in service SMEs, based on the pilot study conducted at the end of 2021 in Poland. The analysis was performed in relation to innovation process model, that included its six general stages. The results summarise the digitalisation score of the sample of 350 companies representing various service sector, and present the overview of innovating digitally practices in reference to general engagement in innovation process. The conclusions are drawn in regards to type and scope of digital tools used to facilitate respective activities included in the innovation management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study discusses the subject matter of sureties and guarantees granted by the State Treasury and their importance in implementing new technical and technological solutions and investment projects in which sureties and guarantees granted by the State Treasury are applied, emphasizing their relationship with new technical and technological solutions. An analysis of these issues leads to a conclusion that the technical and technological progress lies at the axiological basis of the surety-guarantee system which has been operating in Poland for a few decades. The research is narrowed down to projects that implement new technical and technological solutions. The paper primarily makes use of two research methods, that is an analysis of the law in force and an analytical investigation. These methods are applied to examine relevant literature, current legislative acts and statistical data contained in information on State Treasury sureties and guarantees granted in 2016-2020. The study takes account of the legal status in force on 30 April 2022 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the changes taking place in the functions of allotment gardens, their perceived value, reasons for purchasing allotments and subjective (self-reported) assessments of their importance during the pandemic. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 203 owners of allotment gardens located in three highly urbanised cities in the Silesian Voivodeship (Southern Poland). Semi-structured questionnaires and non-standardised questionnaires were used to collect the data. The results demonstrate that the respondents aged above 61 years (38.5%) have observed a generational change in the function of allotments, from cultivating fruits and vegetables to recreational purposes. Regardless of age, the owners of allotment gardens did not notice any technological progress or new crops. The young respondents (21–30 years) treated allotment gardens as an investment (36.7%), while the respondents aged below 20 years and over 61 years declared that the greatest benefits of allotment gardening are improved health and growing one's own fruits and vegetables. The respondents aged over 41 years (25.9%) also pointed out the importance of growing their own produce. Allotments were especially important during the pandemic as a private space free from COVID-related restrictions. Extended interviews with the respondents revealed that allotment gardening was perceived as a coping strategy for the stress generated during the lockdown. This study showed that allotment gardens are important sites not only for food production but also for maintaining mental health, social capital and environmental engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farming sectors' resilience has been built over decades with the aid of policies and institutions. However, its actual standing can be assessed in times of crises when farms have to overcome particular challenges. We use a large-scale farming sectors dataset FADN spanning 2006–2015 in which two major economic crises occurred—the global economic crisis of 2008 and the Russian embargo of 2014—to exemplify our approach to resilience's assessment based on the Polish farming sectors. We introduce a distinction between "potential resilience" versus "revealed resilience" where the former is assessed based on resilience capacities (robustness, adaptability and transformability), while the latter is assessed based on the observed decomposition of total factor productivity (TFP) changes in response to the adverse economic shocks. Hence, the proposed framework directly links productivity with the two types of resilience. We applied the Färe-Primont method of TFP decomposition, into technological change and various types of efficiency changes and a detailed farm survey to distinguish between the drivers of technological changes in each farming sector such as specific innovations and ecosystem services. Our findings show that farms differ in their revealed resilience both among the sectors and between two different shock events. Only field crop farms and granivores farms (pig and poultry) maintained their resilience to both crises, staying robust and/or adaptable. The former had the most productive technology and were leaders in applying innovations while the latter were second best in innovations and fairly good in their application of ecosystem-based services into their technology. Other farm types failed to be resilient to the first crisis but proved robust during the second. The outcomes of the study have implications for sustainability oriented policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Human Resource Management / Zarzadzanie Zasobami Ludzkimi is the property of Institute of Labour & Social / Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural & Agribusiness Economists is the property of Polish Association of Agricultural & Agribusiness Economists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present the perceptions of ICT in times of the development 9 of Society 5.0 in the awareness of beneficiaries of the healthcare system, and outlining the 10 prospects of applying these solutions in the health sector. 11 Design/methodology/approach: The research was conducted in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. 12 The questionnaire was used to survey people using primary healthcare services. 13 Findings: The respondents identified the importance of various forms of using ICT by primary 14 healthcare entities, specifying their preferred information communication channel. The greatest 15 number of indications, nearly 92% of the respondents, chose a direct contact with the doctor as 16 important or very important. 17 Originality/value: The health sector in Poland, as well as in other countries of the EU, has been 18 the subject of constant changes though they are not clearly visible for the general public. 19 Technological progress and the related innovations in the field of communication are 20 an opportunity to improve the information flow between the doctor and patient. Moreover, 21 they facilitate gaining knowledge and thus constitute an important dimension in the process of 22 learning in the perspective of Society 5.0 development. New ICT channels may be an important 23 method for the health sector to find ways of reducing the costs of patient service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - To analyse the situation in Key Enabling Technologies (KETs) in the European Union and in Poland. Research method - Desk research and the analysis of available literature. The sources of data used were, among others: European Patent Office, Central Statistical Office, IMD World Competitiveness Centre and High Level Expert Group reports as well as the reports and data of the European Commission. KETs' analysis in Poland was conducted based on the published CSO data. The article presents selected variables characterising the activity of enterprises operating in the field of biotechnology and nanotechnology, and the analyses of research and development activities as part of the executive sectors in both of the analysed fields. In addition, data on the number of registered patents in Poland and the share of the number of registered patents in the field of biotechnology in relation to their total number were presented. Results - The article covers topics connected with the measurement of KETs' competitiveness, describes the situation of KETs in Europe and in Poland, not being a very innovative EU country. Originality/value - The problem of KETs and their importance for the EU and its members' sustainable development is recognized in a limited scope. There is not much literature on the topic. There is no strategy for KETs at the national level in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: The paper presents the issue of total factor productivity in the manufacturing industry in Poland. It has been assumed that total factor productivity (TFP) is a synthetic measure of efficiency of the production process and a measure of the impact of technical progress on the rate of economic growth. Purpose of the article: The main aim of the paper is to assess the differentiation in the level of total factor productivity (TFP) occurring among the Section C manufacturing divisions in Poland. In particular, the paper raises the issue of measuring and analysing the relationship between expenditure on research and development and the level of TFP in manufacturing divisions in Poland. Methods: In the presented research, the TFP level was determined by using the two-factor Cobb- Douglas production function, while econometric panel models were used to assess the studied relationship. Findings & Value added: The presented considerations show that manufacturing divisions in Poland are diversified in terms of total factor productivity. Generally, manufacturing divisions with high R&D intensity, i.e. divisions classified as so-called high-tech ones, are characterised by a high TFP level. The econometric analysis carried out allows us to conclude that expenditure on R&D incurred in manufacturing enterprises significantly affects the level of TFP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To the best of our knowledge, this paper is one of the first studies to analyze the evolution and determinants of regional patterns in the technological progress of one of the new EU members in transition—Poland. The results of the first part of the study prove that, after EU accession, the central region was the only part of Poland that not only reported a rapid rise in labor productivity but also managed to constantly increase its capital productivity. In the second part of the empirical analysis, we conduct a formal econometric analysis aimed at testing whether these differences in regional patterns in the technological progress of Poland could be caused by the inflow of EU structural funds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is a reflection on the issues concerning the impact of research and development activities on competitiveness of polish voivodeships. Growing interest in the concept of regional competitiveness is associated with different processes, such as globalisation, internationalisation and regionalisation of the world economy. Competitiveness is determined by quantitative and qualitative factors; however, more attention should be focussed on qualitative determinants, including knowledge, technological progress and innovations, which are related to R&D activity. There are many different ways to measure competitiveness. One of the methods of assessment is making a reference to the regional competitiveness index (RCI) that shows strengths and weaknesses of regions. Taking into consideration that the largest disparities, both in the regional and national system, in relation to the EU average, are visible in three pillars constituting the Innovation Group indicators, it is worth conducting research on R&D development, as one of their key elements. Therefore, the goal of the paper is to present diversity in competitiveness of the regions in Poland, and to assess the level of development of R&D as one of determinants, having impact on competitive advantage. Implementation of the goal formulated in this way should be achieved through analyses concerning the following spheres: 1) the essence of regional competitiveness and its determinants; 2) the location of Polish regions in RCI ranking; 3) comparative analysis of the competitive potential of regions in the area of R&D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Architectus is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We live in a time of constant change. For modern societies, the period of the last 30 years is also a time of changes connected with the reconstruction of the surrounding reality. For Poland, it is also a period of changes in the political and economic systems. Such profound changes must also be followed by changes in the structure of crime. Technological changes and the mobility of societies are changing not only the methods but also the ways in which crimes are committed. New types of crime are emerging, while 'old crimes' are changing or disappearing. The aim of this article is to outline the above issues within the context of a planned research project on the analysis of changes in crime, using the example of Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ERP and CRM management information systems constitute one of the most popular IT system groups used by enterprises, not only in Poland. From the point of view of both theoreticians and practitioners of business informatics, it is important to understand the effectiveness of IT implementation projects in Poland in comparison to similar projects in other countries. The scope of this article is to present the results of research concerning the success and failure in ERP and CRM implementation projects in medium and large enterprises in Poland. The results answer the question regarding the level of effectiveness in selected IT projects consisting in standard implementation, roll-out, upgrade, vertical solution implementation and re-implementation in enterprises based in Poland between 2013 and 2016. The study analyzed 917 projects, including 747 projects in medium enterprises and 224 in large enterprises. The research shows the structure of fully successful, partially successful and completely failed projects following the classical evaluation of IT projects. Research results show that the level of effectiveness in IT projects consisting in implementations of management information systems is slightly higher in Poland than in analogous projects studied by the Standish Group. Importantly, despite technological progress and efforts of research centres, consulting companies and software producers, the effectiveness of IT project completion has not increased for over 20 years. The results may be interesting for researchers specializing in the subject of IT project completion, as well as for practitioners implementing such projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about the third Future Engineering conference on projects in manufacturing technologies held in Starachowice, Poland in September 2016 is presented. Topics include the interdependence between the Foresight discipline related to futures studies and the ability to create innovations in companies, the reliance of companies on future-oriented information in forming their innovation strategies, and the benefits of the discipline for regional authorities.

Waste management is one of the most important problems concerning contemporary civilization. The increase of the number of population and consumerism, cause producing different kinds of waste. Along with the economic progress and the technical progress, humanity became the largest producer of waste in nature. Segregation is still the biggest problem of selective collection of waste. The awareness and the knowledge of people in caring about the natural environment is growing. Unfortunately, many of them are not convinced to sort municipal waste. However, in making a decision about segregation, each of them could be influenced by other factors. The aim of this study was to collect detailed criteria which influence the decision about waste segregation among people not segregating the municipal waste. Then the main criteria were grouped and their influence on the global decision was shown. In this paper a method of the Analytical Hierarchization of the Process was used. Research was conducted among 50 randomly chosen respondents from Poland. The results of the research showed that the financial penalties and the possibility of reducing the payment for sorted municipal waste could increase the amount of people who segregate the municipal waste. Increasing the awareness of reducing the natural resources consuming is not as important criterion as two mentioned before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Journal of Management Studies is the property of Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Journal of Management Studies is the property of Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of this article is to analyze the use of modern information technologies, referring to the example of smartphones, paying particular attention to selected cultural aspects of the phenomena that appear to play an important role in creating the concept of a smart city. The authors asked a research question: whether there is a difference in the perception of smart cities between Poland and Turkey in terms of a set of individual criteria and cultural differences in the context of globalization processes. The authors decided to compare the use of smartphones in an international environment. In their analysis, they examined Poland and Turkey, the countries which are characterized by markedly distinct culture and customs, but simultaneously present a similar level of IT development. The research was conducted in two stages at the turn of 2019 and 2020, and it involved more than 600 selected young people aged 18–25. It is important to mention that the study consulted the group of the most active internet users who are taking advantage of the benefits of internet-aided globalization. In order to carry out the survey questionnaire, the authors applied a CAWI (Computer Associated Web Interview) method. The original study aimed at identifying the character traits of smartphone users that appear to be most important from the point of view of implementing the concept of a smart city. As a result of this research, 15 such characteristics were identified, and the impact of smartphones on the strengthening or weakening of such qualities was tested in the course of conducting the survey questionnaire. The survey was translated into native languages and initially tested as part of the pilot studies. The results were compared, and the authors have identified and commented on differences between them. They also assessed the degree to which the hypothesis formulated in the research has been verified. The main limitation of the conducted study was the selection of a random group since the research sample consisted only of members of the academic community. The part of the study which is presented in this article fills the research gap related to the impact of smartphones on selected aspects of user behavior (punctuality, individualism, the quantity and quality of contacts) as well as social behavior (homogenization of cultures, the impact on economic and technological progress, strengthening of social bonds, civic responsibility (both in the social and economic sense), personal development initiatives, increase in social activity, sense of security, technological progress, and achieving prosperity). The examined features are particularly important in shaping the idea of smart cities. The results obtained in the study are conducive to expanding the research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postwar Polish sociological literature contains many interesting studies describing changes in the fundamental components of class structure: the working class, the peasantry, and the white-collar stratum, colloquially referred to as the intelligentsia. Although the literature on class structure in Polish sociology is relatively extensive, it does not provide an integrated, many-sided description of the social classes and relations between them. In Poland the class of small individual farmers is now differentiated from the working class and the intelligentsia not only by a different relationship to the means of production but also by a differing character of work and by a different mechanism of sharing in the national income. Technological progress and social policy gradually bring about a reduction in the differences between the working class and the intelligentsia. It is also true that in the long run, the general trend toward the socialization of agriculture will result in an increasing similarity between all the social classes in their relationship to the means of production.

The article examines the transformation in the socio-occupational structure of labor in the socialized sector in Poland. Technological and economic progress, the development of industry and other sectors of the national economy, and related socioeconomic processes have affected the dynamics and structure of employment and have occupationally activated the population. Employment dynamics during 1950-1970 in the nonagricultural sectors of material production were marked by a near doubling of the number of persons employed. There was an exceptionally rapid growth in employment in the socialized sector. The number of economically active members of the family has been greatly increased by the employment of women, which also raises the family-income figures. The general trend of changes in the structure of employment can be seen in a constant decrease in the number of manual workers in the total labor force and in the continuously growing percentage of nonmanual workers. Nonmanual workers constitute a majority in the service category, both material and non-material.

Technological progress in Earth surface observation provides a vast range of information on the land and methods of its use. This enables property owners, users and administrators to monitor the state of the boundaries of the land they own/administer. The land cover, monitored directly on the ground, is not always consistent with the land use entered in the Land and Property Registry (LPR). Discrepancies between these data are often found in former communist countries. One of the reasons for this was the rapid process of land privatisation, which took place in Poland, without updating information on the plot geodetic boundaries. The study examined and compared the land use (entered in the LPR) with the land cover (on the ground) for national roads (acr. LU-LC). The most frequent discrepancies were selected, using CLC2018, digital orthophotomaps (using the Web Map Service (WMS) browsing service compliant with Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards), cadastral data, statistical modelling and an updated survey of the right-of-way. Subsequently, six algorithms were proposed to synchronise the land use and land cover when the right-of-way was used by unauthorised persons, and two algorithms for cases of unauthorised use of land by the road administrator. Currently, it is difficult to synchronise the land cover with the land use from the administrative, legal and social points of view. The results of analyses show that full synchronisation of land use and land cover is complicated and time-consuming, although desired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]