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The article discusses religious reforms within the early modern Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for those who subscribed to either Roman Catholicism or Eastern Orthodoxy. Focus is given to the similarities between the confessionalization reforms instituted by Orthodox metropolitan Petro Mohyla and Polish Cardinal Stanislaus Hosius. While Catholic confessionalization was related to Counter-Reformation reforms implemented by the Council of Trent, those of the Eastern Orthodox Church saw secular patrons and the Orthodox episcopate competing for control of the Church leadership.