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Aim of the study: The aim was to assess the impact of the most frequent cancer-related causes of death in Poland by estimating the years of potential life lost (YPLL) and to compare different measures of the burden of cancer deaths on the population. Material and methods: Mortality rate, YPLL and mean YPLL were calculated for the 11 most frequently recorded cancer-related causes of death in Poland. YPLL were measured applying the up-to-date reference life tables proposed by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation and used in the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD 2015). Absolute numbers of cancer deaths by site, gender and five-year age groups were obtained from the Polish National Cancer Registry (2015). Results: In 2015 the total YPLL amounted to 1,990,457, with 23.6% from lung and bronchial cancer. Mean YPLL was 19.79 years and varied considerably according to tumour site (26.12 [brain] - 14.3 [prostate]). Three tumour sites (brain, ovarian and kidney) are positioned higher according to mean YPLL than according to YPLL percentage and mortality percentage. Conclusions: Our results draw attention to the impact of cancer on society and individual patients. Addressing research efforts to prevention and/or treatment of major YPLL causes could result in a substantial impact on general life expectancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to analyse the level and the trends of Potential Years of Life Lost due to main causes of deaths in Poland in 2002-2011, with consideration of place of residence, urban-rural. The material for the study was the number of deaths due to main causes in Poland in years 2002-2011, based on data from the Central Statistical Office. Premature mortality analysis was conducted with the use of PYLL indicator (PYLL - Potential Years of Life Lost). PYLL rate was calculated according to the method proposed by J. Romeder, according to which the premature mortality was defined as death before the age of 70. Time trends of PYLL rate and the annual percent change (APC) were assessed using the Joinpoint Regression Programme. Rural/urban ratio was used to presented the differences in premature mortality between rural and urban areas. In years2002-2011, the PYLL rate for all-cause deaths decreased by 13.2% among men and 16.0% among women in rural areas, whereas in urban decreased it decreased by 15.7% among men and 14.9% among women. In 2011, the main causes of PYLL among men in rural areas were: external causes (32.3%), cardiovascular diseases (23.5%) and cancers (19.4%); in urban areas: cardiovascular diseases (24.7%), external causes (24.3%) and cancers (20.9%). Among women in rural areas, the leading causes were: cancers (39.9%), cardiovascular diseases (20.1%) and external causes (15.1%). The main causes of premature mortality among women in urban areas were: cancers (41.7%), cardiovascular diseases (19.6%) and external causes (11.1%). Premature mortality among men in rural areas was significantly higher than in urban for all analysed causes of death, with the exception of ischaemic heart diseases and colorectal cancer. Premature mortality among women in rural areas was significantly lower than in urban for all analysed cause of deaths, except of cerebrovascular diseases, external causes, suicides and traffic accidents. The presented epidemiological situation for premature mortality indicate differences in the state of health of the inhabitants in urban and rural areas in Poland. The leading causes of premature mortality are caused by preventable deaths, which leads to a need to intensify measures in primary and secondary prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]