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Introduction: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important outcome of health interventions for children and youths with cerebral palsy (CP). Aim of the research: To describe HRQOL of children and young people with tetraplegic cerebral palsy from the parents' perspectives, and explore the impact of four factors (severity of CP, intellectual disability, age, and gender) on HRQOL. Material and methods: This is a descriptive study, conducted in educational centres in central and southern Poland. The study encompassed a group of 149 children and youths with tetraplegic cerebral palsy (TCP). The HRQOL study described in this paper was carried out using the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core and PedsQL 3.0 Cerebral Palsy Module. Results: The lowest subscale score in generic core scales was physical functioning (mean ± SD: 11.1 ± 8.5), the highest being emotional functioning (47.1 ± 22.2). The lowest subscale score in CP module was daily activities (3.2 ± 8.5), the highest being pain and hurt (57.1 ± 29.3). PedsQL scores were related to MASC level, GMFCS level, and degree of intellectual disability, but not gender. Age correlated only with the assessment of pain and hurt (Pearson r = -0.190; p = 0.020). This study showed significant deficits in HRQOL for children with TCP, especially as regards their physical HRQOL. Conclusions: More studies aimed at searching factors related to psychosocial HRQOL are needed. In relation with the increasing life expectancy of persons with TCP, parents and health professionals should pay more attention to appropriate assessment of pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives : The main aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of cervical pain on the quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis in comparison with a group of healthy people (without diseases of the Central Nervous System). Materials and Methods : Data were collected at the Specialist Hospital St. Łukasz in Końskie (Poland) in the period from November 2023 to August 2024. The inclusion criteria for this study were as follows: age (20-50 years), women and men, healthy people (without diseases of the Central Nervous System) and people suffering from multiple sclerosis. People from the study group were diagnosed according to the McDonald criteria and tested with the EDSS. The mobility of the cervical spine was measured, and neck pain was assessed using the following: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Laitinen Scale and the Neck Disability Index (NDI). All participants self-assessed their quality of life using EuroQol 5D-5L (EQ-5D-5L). Results : 80 people took part in this study, the vast majority of whom were women (71.3%). The most common form of multiple sclerosis was relapsing-remitting (75.0%), and the average EDSS score was higher in the male group (1.6 ± 1.8). Cervical spine pain was reported by 27 people from the study group (67.5%) and 16 people from the control group (40.0%). In both groups, the cervical spine mobility was lower in people with neck pain. The level of cervical spine pain was statistically significantly ( p < 0.05) higher in women, people living in small towns and in people with multiple sclerosis, depending on the type of disease and its duration. Cervical spine pain in people with multiple sclerosis was higher in all three scales (VAS mean = 5.7, ES = 0.79; Laitinen Scale mean = 10.1, ES = 0.60; and NDI Scale mean = 21.1, ES = 0.89). The study group obtained significantly higher scores on the EQ-5D scale (mean = 15.3; ES = 0.79) and EQ-VAS (mean = 53.2; ES = 0.94). Conclusions : This study proved that cervical spine pain is more common among people with multiple sclerosis. In these people, this problem is rarely diagnosed and properly treated.

Background and Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the most frequent errors in medical treatment of craniocerebral injuries, based on materials reviewed by the Forensic Medicine Department, Medical University of Łódź, Poland., Material and Methods: Legal opinions in the area of craniocerebral injuries, elaborated by the Forensic Medicine Department, Medical University of Łódź, from 2000 to 2004, were assessed., Results: Seven hundred ninety three opinions related to medical practice were given between 2000 and 2004; 30 cases referred to craniocerebral injuries. There were 19 opinions analyzed in which incorrectness of diagnostic and therapeutic process was found. Eight cases were related to disqualification from hospitalization, 4 cases referred to delay in diagnosis because of transportation to another place, and 4 cases were related to abandoned or misinterpreted imaging studies., Conclusions: Analyzed material comprised 17 errors during the decision-making process, including 4 diagnostic errors, as well as 1 therapeutic, 1 executive, and 1 organisational error. The most common error was disqualification from hospitalization of patients who should be observed in hospital. It was followed (in order of frequency) by errors related to transportation to the sobering chamber or to another hospital, and failure to perform or misinterpretation of imaging studies. The fewest errors referred to treatment. The main cause of craniocerebral injury was fall of a drunk person, and the alcohol intoxication made diagnosis difficult and delayed.