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Purpose: To estimate the economic effects of implementing a universal screening and treatment program for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the Philippines with the Economic Model for Retinopathy of Prematurity (EcROP)., Methods: The EcROP is a cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit, and cost-utility analysis. Fifty parents of legally blind individuals (aged 3 to 28 years) from three schools for the blind in the Philippines were interviewed to estimate the societal burden of raising a blind child. A decision tree analytic model, with deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis, was used to calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (primary outcome) and the incremental monetary benefit (secondary outcome) for implementing an optimal national ROP program, compared to estimates of the current policy. Findings were extrapolated to estimate the national economic benefit of an ideal screening and treatment program., Results: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for a national program over the current policy was strongly favorable to the ideal program for the Philippines and represents an opportunity for substantial societal cost savings. The per-child incremental, annual monetary benefit of a national program over the current policy was $2,627. Extrapolating to the population of children at risk in 1 year showed that the national annual net benefit estimate would be $64,320,692, which is favorable to the current policy., Conclusions: The EcROP demonstrates that implementing a national ROP screening and treatment program is cost-saving and cost-effective, and would substantially decrease childhood blindness in the Philippines. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2019;56(6):388-396.]., (Copyright 2019, SLACK Incorporated.)