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This study explores the employee retention strategies implemented by administrators in educational institutions, focusing on Immaculate Conception College of Balayan, Inc. The qualitative case study involved 10 participants, including administrators and employees selected based on stable tenure and appropriate qualifications. Through face-to-face interviews, key determinants influencing retention, such as teacher satisfaction, job contentment, professional growth, and loyalty, were identified. Recognition and incentives emerged as the primary retention strategy, significantly influencing employee satisfaction and fostering a sense of belonging. The study concludes that these strategies are effective, contributing to the retention of skilled professionals. Recommendations emphasize the importance of recognizing and providing incentives as core strategies for administrators in educational settings, recognizing their role in creating a positive work environment and promoting sustained employee commitment. The findings at ICCBI underscore the observed effectiveness of these strategies.

Today, more than ever, there is a need to uncover the patterns of thinking that shape the rationality of the leader cohort to aid them in their role-making of the challenging niche truly. This Husserlian phenomenological inquiry purported to explore the individual and collective lived experiences of nine (9) purposively selected Filipino academic managers regarding the essence of Dweck's growth and fixed mindsets in their leadership preparation. A semi-structured interview was employed as the main data gathering tool. Field texts were analyzed using Colaizzi's Procedural Steps to abstract the phenomenon's essence and were validated through the member checking procedure and critical friend technique. Interestingly, the study debuts an insightful Taxonomy of Cognitive Personas, which typifies the dynamic nature of the leader cohort's mindsets. Embedded in the Perennial Learner, Proactive Player, and Pragmatic Leader personas are cognitive tools and value priorities utilized in various influencing and regulating experiences in academic organizations. Academic organizations can use the findings of this study to focus on the cognitive preparation of millennial managers for higher leadership roles. Such findings are expected to complement the skill-based preparation that the millennials can employ for their role-making efforts in school leadership.

The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using a new type of mnemonic device, utilizing dance steps in teaching Chemistry 7 in the retention rate of students on the properties of metals and non-metals. Different dance mnemonics corresponding to each property of the two types of elements were developed by the researcher. It was then utilized in teaching. The respondents of the study were the 91 grade 7 students of the two classes of the researcher in Science 7 during the first quarter of the S.Y. 2019-2020. Z-test was the statistical treatment used to compare the results of sample-experimental group to that of the population it was taken from. After utilizing the set of dance mnemonics developed corresponding to different properties of metals and non-metals, the samples performed better on the post-test compared to the population which means that using dance steps as mnemonic device increased the retention rate of grade 7 students. This study was limited only in the effect of using dance steps as a mnemonic device to increase the retention rate of grade 7 students in the properties of metals and non-metals.

This study aimed to determine the factors that affected the diminishing persistence of heterogeneous academic achievers when induced in homogeneous classes as a basis for developing a support system to address the situation. This study identified the common hindrances the heterogeneous academic achievers encountered as they were brought to a homogeneous class. It employed a qualitative approach to research in gathering the pertinent data. The participants of the study were subjected to a two-phase interview method. It was found that the participants experienced hindrances that diminished their academic persistence in class: intimidated feeling, low sense of belongingness, and peer influence and motivation. This study was limited to identifying the reasons behind the diminishing persistence of heterogeneous academic achievers when streamed in a homogenous class and crafting an action plan as the basis for the development support system to address the situation. The key informants were composed of 18 students who were chosen purposively from the classes of grades 8-10 for the school year 2018-2019.

Effective time management, encompassing prioritization, overcoming procrastination, and balancing socialization, is crucial for academic success as it enables students to optimize their productivity, focus on important tasks, and maintain a healthy work-life balance, leading to improved academic achievements. Thus, the present study tried to investigate the relationship between time management in terms of prioritization, procrastination, and socialization and academic achievement. Using validated, reliable and standardized questionnaire, the researchers surveyed 213 education students using simple random technique. The study utilized quantitative approach, non-experimental, descriptive-correlational techniques. The study used mean, standard deviation and correlational analysis to analyzed the data. Based on the findings, the overall level of time management is moderate. The level of academic achievement is very good. In the test of correlation, the finding revealed that time management shows insignificant association with academic achievement. Thus, the finding suggests that the effectiveness of time management techniques in terms of the ability to prioritize tasks, the tendency to procrastinate, and the level of socialization may not be strong predictors of academic success in this specific setting or population under in this present investigation.

The study aimed to reveal the challenges experienced by the education students in using digital technologies with the end phase of developing an institutionalization plan. The utilization and integration of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the field is already critical to prepare the learners to be competent and skilled individuals for the 21st century's opportunities and challenges. However, various challenges and gaps arise because of the differences between and among the various stakeholders' preferences, capabilities, privileges, and affordances to digital technologies. It was even more intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, where tertiary education institutes shifted to an online learning delivery modality. From the literature review, the researcher summarized the five factors that influenced the challenges of using digital technologies in education. Those are the availability and physical access to up-to-date devices and infrastructures; geographical location and community type; income, poverty, and socio-economic status; level of education and digital literacy skills of teachers; and motivation, engagement, and interest. These five (5) main factors have been the basis for crafting the interview questions administered to 20 second-year education students. Interview data were analyzed, and four themes emerged to generalize the challenges experienced by the students: (1) unavailability and physical inaccessibility to digital technologies; (2) poor internet connection relative to residence; (3) low socioeconomic status and inaccessibility to digital technologies; and (4) disengagement in using digital technologies. The four themes became the basis used in crafting the institutionalization plan.

This study aimed at exploring students' engagement, difficulties, and meaningful learning experiences in Biology class relative to the use of the intervention material developed--the digitized concept stories. Students' engagement towards learning Biology and difficulties experienced in class were revealed through in-depth interviews with 20 Grade 7 students. The digitized concept stories were structured based on the results covering the five (5) main topics in Biology 7 and Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) identified by the Department of Education (DepEd). After the utilization of the intervention material, the same respondents were again interviewed to encapsulate their meaningful learning experiences while using the intervention. Meanwhile, to evaluate the qualities of the digitized concept stories, the researcher administered the acceptability survey questionnaire to 22 Science 7 teachers at the selected secondary schools in the 2nd Congressional District of the Quezon Province Schools Division Office. It was found out that digitized concept stories serve as a learning aid in Biology 7 because it makes the lesson easier to understand, help increase retention rate, provide additional knowledge, and clear explanation, and allows recognition of importance of the lessons delivered. It engaged the students by providing learning enjoyment and increasing their motivation and interest. It is appropriate in distance learning for Grade 7 students and can also be used for other topics in sciences and other disciplines. It was also found that the developed materials are acceptable for teachers as they gave favorable evaluation on its qualities. Hence, the validated digitized concepts stories are ready for utilization in Biology classes. It was then recommended that the developed intervention material may be used in an experimental study to further test its ability in improving students' academic performance.

Research and innovation are highlighted as significant priorities among Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the Philippines. However, most HEIs in the country have a poor culture of research and innovation, which results in low academic productivity. This literature review was conducted to understand the dynamics of a teaching, research, and innovative university, discuss the current status of Philippine HEIs in terms of research (R&D)-innovation productivity, and excerpt best practices from leading universities in the country as a benchmark for other higher institutions toward building a culture of research and innovation. This study highlights different viewpoints but reveals one thing in common among the established research universities: they have exemplary administrative leadership and proper institutional framework, with strong qualifications from their faculty to absorb all the resources pouring in, thereby significantly boosting them and yielding a fruitful result in terms of research and innovation. With these, other Philippines HEIs need to build and develop a vital research and innovative culture among their stakeholders to produce tangible outcomes, which can be utilized for industry-related improvements and new market opportunities, and to address the nation's most pressing issues. Without the support and proper compensation within academia, industry, and government, the pool of talents will be put on the shelf. Nevertheless, leveling up from teaching institutions to become a research and innovative academia remains interesting as it depends primarily on the university's vision and actions, which are mostly affected by its internal and external environment. This paper hopes to be a springboard in formulating policy and practice toward enhancing research and innovation efficiency among the Philippine HEI's that could contribute to the overall nationwide progress.

Developing civic competence among learners is the business of any social studies teacher. The overall success of any social studies teaching depends, in great measure, on the ability of teachers to approach controversial public issues (CPI) in the spirit of critical inquiry. However, previous studies suggest that the teaching of CPI is affected by teachers' pedagogical deficits, students' reluctance during discussions, and lack of emphasis on CPI in the curriculum. Hence, this paper purports to locate the preferred positionality, reasons, and practices in teaching CPI of a select group of Filipino social studies teachers (n = 379) in basic education. Using a multi-aspect questionnaire, results showed that teachers are leaning towards a committed impartiality position, and are driven by the desire to develop learners to be critical, reflective, and action-oriented as they engage in meaningful conversations about important social issues. Moreover, teachers' perceived instructional practice is an intersection of empowering, democratising, and conflicting moves, Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed in this paper.

This study focused on the development of the learners on how Video-Based Experiential Approach will help learners to keep the pace of learnings in this pandemic. This study provided various evidence on how innovation can be a great step in developing the learners in learning about fraction. The purpose of this action research is to determine the effectiveness of using Video-based Experiential approach to the learners amidst of this pandemic. Various test and data gathering procedures showed promising data on the success of the implementation of the said reading material where thirty (30) students assessed under the supervision of the chosen three (2) master teachers and Five (2) grade 6 mathematics teachers with the use of Google form to evaluated by the teachers using LRMDS tool. The data that this study generated in terms of the success it shown over the development of the learners were significant in terms of their level of Teaching Fraction. Challenges that were encountered by both teachers and students were highly encountered in correlation with the students' level of this approach. Furthermore, the information gained from this study will benefit Mathematic teachers by yielding information about Video-based Experiential Approach as an Innovation in teaching Fraction.

This qualitative descriptive research explored the perspectives of STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) senior high school students in a public secondary school in Zambales, Philippines on their reasons why they enrolled in STEM and their intent to pursue relevant career. A total of 20 Grade 12 students were purposively selected as participants of the research. The participants were interviewed using a validated structured interview guide. The recorded interviews were individually transcribed to arrive at an extended text. The extended texts were reviewed to generate themes and significant statements. The paper found out that senior high school students are generally interested in the field related to biology. The alignment to the preferred course in college is the primary reason of the participants for enrolling in STEM. Almost all the students wanted to pursue STEM-related careers after their university graduation. Further, personal aspiration is the main reason for the participants to pursue STEM-related professions. The study recommends that senior high schools may design various activities during the career week. These activities may include possible career paths in STEM-related courses, students' career and motivation, and their career aptitude. Teachers may also infuse innovative pedagogies for better STEM instruction. For the students to have more interest in science, it is recommended that STEM teachers undergo retooling or pursue advanced studies. Senior high schools may conduct career guidance seminars for the students to guide them on what strands they should take. The Department of Education (DepEd) may support the implementation of different programs regarding students' career preparation. This program will help the students to be more aware on what career path they wanted to pursue, and to avoid pressures from peers. Schools may advocate a collaborative, authentic and goal-oriented learning environment with respect to the demand of Industrial Revolution 4.0.

This study that adopts descriptive and inferential research methods investigated the status of elementary grade pupils' English proficiency, particularly the Grades 1, 2 and 3 pupils who are simultaneously taking up subjects in the Mother Tongue and English that are integrated in their curricula. The research population was sourced from a single research locale, i.e. Don Amadeo Perez Sr. Memorial Central School-Main, during the SY 2017-2018. The study employed content-validated data-gathering instruments. The pupils across the three curriculum grades have varied sociodemographic and language-learning characteristics. Sex-distribution in the three grade levels have different ratios. Regardless of curriculum grade designation, the pupils' mother tongues range from "Ilokano", "Tagalog", and "English". The family income of all the pupils regardless of curriculum grade are differentiated and range from "Very High", "High", "Above Average", "Average", "Low", and "Very Low". Across the three grade levels, the pupils' academic performance in English registered into different levels from "Outstanding" (maximum) to "Fairly Satisfactory" (minimum). Most of the pupils in each group registered densely in the lower strata of performance levels. Their academic performance in Mother Tongue registered in the levels of "Outstanding" (maximum) to "Fairly Satisfactory" (minimum). Grades 1, 2, and 3 pupils' English proficiency levels range from "High" (maximum) to "Low" (minimum). Relationship between the profile variables and English proficiency is dependent on the grade level of students. None of the profile variables are significantly related to EPL in the accounts of the Grade 2 pupils. Grade 1 pupils account for a significance in relationship between "academic performance in mother tongue" and EPL. Grade 3 pupils account for a significance in relationship between EPL and "sex", "academic performance in Mother Tongue" and "academic performance in English". Teachers vary as to their level of agreement or disagreement on the positive or negative implications of the MTB-MLE policy in the English proficiency of pupils. Based on the aforementioned gist of research findings, several recommendations were offered to improve instructional efficiency and strategies that can alleviate pupils' difficulties and limitations in their English proficiency as well as their academic performance in English subjects. This shall be done adjacently as they are also expected to equally develop linguistic skills in their Mother Tongue. These involve the initiative and cooperation among the concerned English language and Mother Tongue teachers, the School management, and the pupils. Recommendations were also addressed for future researchers to continue their scholarly investigation on the effects or implications of the adjacent learning of Mother Tongue and English prescribed by the MTBMLE policy of the Department of Education (DepEd).

Institutional progress, stability, and viability require a firmly established culture, through which the distinguishing features of enduring school traditions, customs and practices remain congruent with existing educational demands. This phenomenological inquiry attempts to explore the individual and collective lived experiences of thirteen (13) purposively selected private school principals in the Philippines relative to the significant effects of humor which render the institution stable and viable, and its members -- creative, productive, reliable, and united. Through individual, semi-structured and in-depth interview, present findings yielded the Brick-Layering Model of Humor Use in the Building of School Culture that identified six distinctive effects of humor use on culture-building, namely: leveling, adapting, linking, unifying, prompting and perpetuating, which correspond to the six important contributory factors in the development of school culture, namely: demographics, environment, external support, heritage, leadership and core values. The emerged model can guide school leaders in formulating guidelines, implementing principles, initiating meaningful activities, adopting relevant practices and optimizing the use of both tangible and intangible resources to advance the development of a positive school culture.

Early Detection and Intervention (EDI) is a system of services that promote development in the critical early years of childhood. It serves as an invaluable support to achieve Inclusive Education (IE). With limited literature regarding perspectives from public schools regarding EDI, this research engages the stakeholders from public schools of Filipino Children with Disability (CWD) to describe outcomes of EDI. Three focus group discussions participated in by 21 public school teachers and three key informant interviews of four school administrators from three cities in Metro Manila, namely Taguig, Paranaque, and Pateros, were conducted. Through comparative analysis using NVivo 11, three major themes emerged: (1) child outcomes seen in the skills and occupational performance of CWD; (2) systemic outcomes experienced in the surrounding context, encompassing the family, school and community, and (3) factors affecting EDI outcomes. Results suggest the need to have concrete strategic action to address system bottlenecks in EDI, imperative for successful IE. The importance of the environment where CWD partake in should be addressed for inclusion, equally important with addressing the capabilities of the CWD. Healthcare practitioners should take the initiative in advocating for coordination of medical and educational professionals to facilitate meaningful participation of CWD in education.

Prepositions are small words that serve important functions in the meaning of sentences. They show relationships between persons, objects, places etc. They also act as vital markers to the sentence structure. This descriptive analysis measured and analyzed the common errors of 44 grade 9 students in the use of prepositions using an objective test. Using the measures of central tendency, particularly the mean, the study revealed that the students had more errors in prepositions of direction. Moreover, the students tend to choose inappropriate prepositions that are out of context. The results showed that students were confused with the multiple functions of prepositions. English teachers, on one hand, should review their students on how to make distinction among the rules of different prepositions and apply effective learning strategies in teaching them.

The main purpose of the study is to understand the mathematical problem-solving strategies among student teachers. This study used both quantitative and qualitative type of research. Aside from the semi-structured interviews, data were gathered through participant's actual mathematical problem-solving outputs and the videotaped interviews. Findings revealed that the problem-solving strategies among student teachers in the Problem-Solving subject are cognitive, metacognitive and other strategies. The cognitive strategies used by the student teachers are rehearsal, elaboration, and organization. The metacognitive strategies are critical thinking and self-regulation. Other strategies are overlapping the cognitive and metacognitive strategies. These are prediction/orientation, planning, monitoring, and evaluating. The findings also suggest significant influence of the strategies on the academic performance of the student teachers.

As major sources of information, curriculum materials (CMs) have generally served teachers and students by providing instructional and learning support. The impact of CMs on teachers' pedagogical practice and learners' engagement and success had been fairly documented. However, just as the use of CMs is influenced by teachers' orientations and learners' identity with the subject matter, the same can be said for textbook writers who attend, interpret and respond to curriculum content and standards. Guided by Dietiker, Males, Amador and Earnest (2018)'s curriculum noticing construct, this study examined the epistemological features of Philippine secondary school mathematics textbooks of the Department of Education. Four textbooks, one from each grade level, were analyzed via a directed qualitative content analysis. Following the inductive approach, significant statements from the texts were culled and organized through coding, categorizing and abstraction using a repertory grid. Member checking was done to validate the findings of the study. Interestingly, the study afforded the development of the Onion Model of Curricular Noticing Dynamics in Mathematics Textbooks. The model reveals how CM writers frame the mathematics curriculum in the design and development of textbooks. Specifically, the encountering frame lays emphasis on their interaction with the mandated curriculum through an examination of curricular elements. In the sense-making frame, writers reflect on four curricular questions leading to an understanding of the curriculum and the context in which it operates. Finally, the operationalizing frame captures the unique moves observed by textbook writers in developing the materials. The emerged model can serve as a valuable means in achieving heightened consciousness among textbook writers as they develop materials that promote teacher learning and respond to learners' needs, interests and orientations.

The transition from a busy work life to a retired state entails a lot of adjustment, planning, and wise decision-making. While there have been numerous studies that elucidate retirement issues across the globe, the need to know about retirement preferences of middle-aged and older teachers remains a blank spot in the literature, hence this discrete choice estimation investigation. The overall purpose of this study is to explicate the utility and importance of retirement preferences of a select group of 40-70 year-old teachers (n = 152) from the northern part of the Philippines. Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21, a set of 12 choice bundles with 4 holdouts were extracted from a pool 96 orthogonal array. Respondents were asked to sort and rank each card based on its importance and utility value using the Balanced Incomplete Block Design (BIBD). Results indicate that the most important attribute considered by Filipino teachers relative to their retirement preferences was investment. This was followed by pursuit of an old interest, travel, and part-time job as the least preferred. This utility study yielded empirical data that can be benchmarked by retirement planning policy makers in the academic setting to better address the uncertainty faced by aging teachers when it comes to their retirement decisions.

This study examined the roles of future time perspective and affective commitment on the work engagement of a select group of aging Filipino professoriate. A total of 208 respondents aged 40-60 years old, teaching at the largest Catholic University in the Philippines, were requested to accomplish a multi-aspect questionnaire covering the variables of the study. Data gathered were processed through SPSS v.17 and AMOS v.19. The structural equation model reveals (i) a positive relationship between future time perspective and affective commitment (ß = 0.485) and (ii) a positive relationship between affective commitment and dimensions of work engagement, namely, vigor (ß = 0.986), dedication (ß = 0.943), and absorption (ß = 0.983). Also, of all the dimensions of work engagement, absorption has the biggest impact, while dedication has the smallest impact on work engagement. Findings yielded in this study provide valuable information in structuring human resource programs that can help address the aging workforce's needs and concerns, thus improving their future orientation, commitment, and work engagement.

Textbooks, as a curriculum document text, are subject to nonlinear entry and points of interpretation and implementation. The interpretation of its content is dependent on the reader or the writer, thus making it open to multimodal ways of meaning-making that underscore rhizomatic tendencies. Delueze and Guattari ("A thousand plateaus: capitalism and schizophrenia," University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1987) introduced the rhizome as a metaphor in curriculum theorizing as a lens of interpreting curriculum documents such as textbooks. Researches in history textbook analyses have taken grounds because of the shift from knowledge mastery to skills acquisition and subject integration. Rhizotextual content analysis of Philippine textbooks, however, remains scant. This study reviewed nine (9) Philippine secondary textbooks in history sourced from three (3) leading publishing houses, which yielded two (2) rhizomatic tendencies culled from the weaving of knowledge development, application and assessment.

Caring, as a universal human phenomenon, should permeate elementary, secondary and tertiary level instruction. The practice of teaching, especially at the tertiary level, is not only substantial and procedural but relational as well. To teach with a heart is the essence that makes teaching a form of caring. When teaching is viewed as a form of caring, teachers become relational geniuses in their own right. This study is an attempt to segment Filipino college students' views (n = 1000) of their teachers' caring behavior and their orientations as cared-for individuals. The identified clusters of teacher roles that indicate caring behavior imply that acts of teaching become acts of caring depending on how the teachers, the "efficient cause" of education, perform their ordinary tasks in the context of "extraordinariness". Such extraordinariness spells out a big difference in the way teachers practice the so-called "single loop caring or caring visibility and double-loop caring or caring presence." The former refers to teaching from the heart while the latter pertains to teaching with a heart. Interestingly, the extent to which teachers' caring behavior is felt and experienced by the students positively shapes their orientations as cared-for individuals. (Contains 4 tables.)

Meaning-making is vital in the realm of principalship. It serves as the fulcrum of one's practice which eventually leads to seeing the light and appreciating the serendipity of principalship. While explicit knowledge abounds in the literature and is communicated in professional development programs, the role of the principals' tacit knowledge derived from their experiences, day-to-day dealings with the school's stakeholders, observations, insights, and reflections are vital inputs in understanding the dynamics of school principalship. This narrative inquiry is an attempt to capture the tacit knowledge of a Filipino secondary school principal whose experiences were limited by the absence of a formal academic preparation in school management but illumined by her "leadership reflective space" ("LRS") which enabled her to surface the serendipitous language of principalship.

This qualitative study analyzed the English language learning difficulties of 13 purposively chosen Korean students relative to their sociolinguistic competence, motivation in using the English language, and cultural factors. Interview responses were transcribed, categorized and thematised according to saliency, meaning and homogeneity. The findings of the study disclosed that, on the whole, while the subjects never had the opportunity to use the English language in Korea, they use it almost everywhere in the Philippines. Their difficulties exist both in daily conversation and in the academic setting. Such difficulties are attributable to both the subjects' and the Filipinos' different entry points in the learning and use of English. Despite cultural barriers in communication, however, the Koreans studying in the Philippines are instrumentally motivated to learn the English language. (Contains 3 tables.)

This two-pronged study seeks to ascertain the research psychographic characteristics of a select group of nurse professoriate (n=37) in a comprehensive university in the Philippines. The quantitative part of the study had an adapted survey questionnaire, which profiled the demographic and psychographic characteristics of the respondents. Defining the qualitative aspect of the inquiry was an in-depth interview with five (5) of the respondents chosen purposively to triangulate the data yielded by the questionnaire. Data were treated statistically and interpretively to describe the phenomenon under inquiry. It is interesting to note that while the nurse professoriate had shown a positive attitude towards research, variables such as time constraints, lack of research knowledge, research support structure and motivation hinder them from doing research activities. Implications of the study to reculturing, restructuring and reformulating efforts in research are also discussed. (Contains 8 tables and 1 figure.)

The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore teachers' experiences of supportive relationships with colleagues. A total of fifty (50) public and private elementary and secondary school teachers in the central part of the Philippines were purposively selected as respondents. Guided by a narrative-biographical interview, results of the study yielded four significant themes that describe how Filipino teachers as relational people experience and interpret supportive relationships in the school setting. These include: supportive relationships as (1) a life-giving force; (2) an extension of one's family; (3) a reciprocal process; and (4) a work still in progress.

Technology, considered as the new language of teaching and learning, is an irrevocable reality. Any institution of higher learning is expected to look into the future without losing sight of its core capabilities--the malleability of its faculty members. Today, more than ever, teachers are expected to operate in an environment where "hiteach", "hi-touch" and "hi-tech" govern their instructional behaviors. It is in this light that this study was conducted to situate teachers coming from a time-tested institution, such as the University of Santo Tomas, the oldest university in Asia, in terms of their IT knowledge, skills, and interests with a view to identifying implications on how faculty development programs may be made more responsive to the present-day educational structure.

Considered as a major management approach for improving organizational performance and competitive advantage, Total Quality Management (TQM) poses a challenge to dynamic institutions to adopt a systemic philosophy that places emphasis on customer needs and a commitment to a culture of excellence. Higher education institutions (HEIs) as learning organizations are expected to respond proactively to this challenge by examining closely how their educational centerpiece operates in an environment of quality. This inquiry aims to determine how the oldest university in Asia implements TQM as regards its Vision, Involvement, Continuous Improvement, Training and Education, Ownership, Reward, Yearning for Success, and Customer Focus (VICTORY-C). Moreover, it documents the best practices of the institution under study, categorized in the light of TQM principles and identifies implications for total quality education.

This paper explains the current reforms in basic and higher education in the Philippines. Specifically, internal and external enablers in the educational environment were reviewed as justifications of the reforms both at the national level as well at the individual teacher. The reforms were treated in the light of four perspectives in the measurement of quality namely; the reputational view, the resources view, the outcomes view and the value-added view. (Contains 4 tables.)

Introduction: While rabies remains a global concern, detailed studies on human rabies, particularly regarding causal animals and the reasons for not receiving postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), are lacking. Methods: We conducted a 3-year prospective study (October 2019–September 2022) at the Philippines’ largest rabies referral center. We interviewed patients with suspected rabies and their families. We used LN34 qRT-PCR and rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test on saliva samples. We also compared our findings with two retrospective studies at the same hospital. Results: We enrolled 151 patients, including 131 with potential rabies exposure. Similar to retrospective studies, the participants were predominantly males (75.5%), adults (76.8%), low-income individuals (91.4%), and rural dwellers (62.3%). The causal animals were mainly dogs (97.0%), with similar incubation periods, clinical symptoms, and a high proportion not receiving vaccines or immunoglobulins (93.2%). Most causal animals were owned by either the patients’ households or their neighbors (60.2%), with a significant proportion being puppies (58.8%). Most patients had knowledge of rabies; however, reasons for not seeking PEP included misconceptions about minor bites not causing rabies (51.3%), beliefs in traditional healers (33.9%), and economic constraints (22.6%). Despite completing the WHO regimen, two PEP failures were observed. LN34 qRT-PCR detected 98 positive cases (sensitivity, 64.9%; 95% CI 56.7–72.5). These strains belong to the Southeast Asia 4 subclade. Discussion: In conclusion, this study highlights the role of puppies as primary causal animals and the presence of misconceptions that preclude patients from acquiring PEP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) is often asymptomatic in young children, but most adolescents and adults will have symptoms ranging from nausea and tiredness to acute liver failure and even death. The risk of severe disease is higher in older adults and people with pre-existing liver disease. Immunization is recommended in regions with low HAV endemicity levels, i.e., where people get infected later in life. In the Philippines, recent epidemiologic data on HAV infection are lacking. The objective of this study was to assess age-specific seroprevalence and evaluate risk factors associated with HAV seropositivity. Methods: People from two geographic areas (urban and rural) were recruited/enrolled and stratified by age group. HAV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were measured with a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Sociodemographic parameters, hepatitis medical history, disease knowledge, hygiene measures and sanitation were assessed via a purpose-made questionnaire. Age at midpoint of population immunity (AMPI) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine factors that were statistically significantly associated (p < 0.05) with HAV seropositivity. Results: Overall, 1242 participants were included in the analysis; 250/602 (41.5%) participants from urban regions and 283/640 (44.2%) participants from rural regions tested positive for HAV IgG antibodies. AMPI was 35 and 37 years for the rural and urban region, respectively. Higher education was associated with lower HAV seropositivity prevalence ratios, while not living in the same region for the last 5 years, regularly consuming street food and lack of handwashing after defecation were associated with a higher likelihood of HAV seropositivity. Conclusion: Results suggest that HAV endemicity is low in the Philippines. Factors associated with HAV seropositivity were traveling, consuming street food and lack of basic hygienic gestures. Immunization might be an option to protect vulnerable populations against severe hepatitis A disease. Plain Language Summary: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted via the fecal-oral route through consumption of contaminated food or water or by close contact with an infected person. In children, HAV is usually of no concern, but in adults and people with existing liver disease, HAV infection can lead to severe symptoms and even death. In areas where most people get hepatitis during childhood (high endemicity), vaccination is not required, since people acquire life-long immunity after infection. In regions with low and intermediate HAV endemicity, people may remain at risk of infection later in life and vaccination could be considered to prevent severe HAV disease and its associated complications. In the Philippines, the current endemicity level is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine the endemicity level in the Philippines and to determine risk factors for HAV infection. We measured the proportion of people (by age group) who had previously been infected with HAV. Results showed that by age of 5 years < 20% of the study population was infected by HAV. By the age of 37 years in the urban population and 35 years in the rural population, 50% of people tested positive for HAV antibodies, indicating previous infection. This means that the Philippines has low HAV endemicity. Risk factors for HAV seropositivity were traveling, regularly eating street food and not washing hands after defecation. Vaccination against HAV might be of benefit in the Philippines, especially early in life to prevent most severe outcomes in adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of new family structures and patterns that continue to emerge in contemporary society, grandparents are delegated with a more active role in child-rearing, particularly during the crucial stages of their grandchildren's development. In industrialized countries, empirical studies have indicated the link between grandparents' educational attainment vis-à-vis their caregiving roles and the social-emotional development of grandchildren. Such findings call for further investigation especially from the perspective of a developing country with a collectivist culture such as the Philippines. Here, the vital role of grandparents is highly recognized and appreciated. This study argues that the grandparent who is a professional educator significantly contributes to the positive social-emotional development of grandchildren, hence this phenomenological inquiry. A semi-structured interview was employed as the main data gathering tool. Field texts were subjected to vertical and horizontal analyses to abstract the essence of the phenomenon and were validated through member checking procedures and critical friend technique. The study revealed a portrait of the influence of grandparenting on the development of the social-emotional aspect of a select group of Filipino grandchildren. The Pendulum of Social-Emotional Development typifies the dynamic nature of Filipino grandparenting that exerts a vibrant influence and synergistic force of "endearing, endowing and enduring." Said forces situate the grandchildren in a context where the following gifts are experienced: "attribution and accommodation, retention and repercussion, and configuration and concession."

A considerable number of studies have been carried out to explore the experiences of the elderly engaging in third age education, however, most of these investigations have focused on elderly motivation, the benefits accruing from their participation, and the barriers they have encountered during their lifelong learning experience. However, there has been little attempt to probe into the experiences of the elderly engaging in third age education and how they view themselves during that time. This grounded theory study purported to describe the processes through which a select group of Filipino elderly experienced community-based third age learning programs. A series of in-depth interviews were conducted on 24 Filipino elderly who participated in a 4-month third age education program. Interestingly, this study revealed four distinct and yet interrelated stages of Holding Back, Opening Up, Moving Forward and Empowering which were embedded in the model H.O.M.E: A Pulley Model of Elderly Participation in Third Age Education Program. The emerged model is a valuable compass for gerontologists as they provide meaningful and geriatric-friendly programs, projects and activities that not only address the growing needs of the elderly but also facilitate their smooth entry to and completion of their third age learning participation.

The impact of prison upon incarcerated individuals is considerably destructive and may lead to low mental health resiliency. Despite a large body of literature on resiliency, little is known about the process that the elderly go through in developing resiliency in the penal setting--hence, this grounded theory investigation. The overall intent of this investigation is to describe the process by which older male adults develop resiliency while in prison. The study used a grounded theory design. To gather the needed data, a two-part research instrument that included a "robotfoto" and a semistructured interview was employed. A total of 25 incarcerated Filipino elderly in New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City, Philippines were purposively selected. Field text was subjected to thematic analysis following Corbin and Strauss coding procedure. Interestingly, this study yielded the Maze Theory of Resiliency, which describes the Filipino elderly's road to achieving resiliency. Initially, they go through the "sending up phase" in which they feel condemnation and uncertainty. The "sending off phase" captures the moments in which prisoners show signs of optimism and readiness to experience life in their new environment. Lastly, the "sending in phase", prisoners became accustomed to the dynamics of penal environment--thus, achieving their sense of resiliency. The emerged theory from this study could help nurses in the early recognition of psychological deterioration and in providing counseling services to the incarcerated elderly without any prejudice. And at the same time, the theory could help implement nursing interventions appropriate for each stage of resiliency.

University-industry-government (UIG) collaboration nurtures the innovation ecosystem that sustains competitiveness and drives national economic growth. In the Philippines, however, there is limited collaboration between the UIG, thus resulting in untapped opportunities. An integrated web-based collaboration platform for researcher profiles, tools, and resources in Philippine higher education institutions (HEIs) would help promote and strengthen UIG collaboration. In this light, this study conducted a baseline assessment to gain insights into the faculty members' perceived motivations, current contexts, and challenges of UIG collaborations. These insights guided the development of a framework that would inform the development of an online collaboration platform. The survey was participated in by 111 faculty members from a university system. Analysis showed that respondents had a wide range of experiences in their collaboration, wherein there was an overall satisfaction rating of 3.99 on their collaboration. Findings revealed that building connections or networks and professional development were the main drivers for faculty members to engage in collaboration. On the other hand, communication- and coordination-related issues were among the top collaboration challenges. Also identified as concerns were the differences in perspectives and the low commitment levels of some collaborators. The respondents expressed the necessity for an integrated platform that can facilitate collaboration activities, including opportunity-matching aligned with their professional experience and research interests. Better project management and streamlining of administrative processes were also cited to further enhance the collaboration experience. These findings underscore the necessity for improvement in strategic planning, resource allocation, enhanced faculty support, and opportunity-matching aligned with faculty expertise that can facilitate more effective collaboration among stakeholders. This research has essential implications for the improvement of the collaboration and similarly could provide important inputs and salient features for the development of a UIG collaboration platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Philippines' Republic Act 11332 (2020) mandates prisons, jails and detention centres to participate in disease surveillance, but currently no surveillance system exists in these facilities. This report aims to describe the piloting of an early warning disease surveillance system in 21 selected jails in Calabarzon from July to September 2021. Sites were selected based on congestion, proximity to health facilities and logistical capacity. Data sources, collection mechanisms and reporting tools were determined and health personnel were trained in the operation of the system. During the implementation period, the system detected 10 health events, with influenza-like illness and foodborne illness being the most common. Nine of these events were reported within 24 hours. The local health unit provided medications for clinical management and instructed jail nurses on infection prevention and control measures, including active case finding, the isolation of cases and the inspection of food handling. Twelve sites reported over 8 of the 10 weeks, with all sites reporting zero cases promptly. The challenges identified included insufficient workforce, slow internet speed and multitasking. It was concluded that the jail-based early warning surveillance system is feasible and functional, but the perceived benefits of jail management are crucial to the acceptability and ownership of the system. It is recommended to replicate the surveillance system in other penitentiaries nationwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research and innovation are highlighted as significant priorities among Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the Philippines. However, most HEIs in the country have a poor culture of research and innovation, which results in low academic productivity. This literature review was conducted to understand the dynamics of a teaching, research, and innovative university, discuss the current status of Philippine HEIs in terms of research (R&D)-innovation productivity, and excerpt best practices from leading universities in the country as a benchmark for other higher institutions toward building a culture of research and innovation. This study highlights different viewpoints but reveals one thing in common among the established research universities: they have exemplary administrative leadership and proper institutional framework, with strong qualifications from their faculty to absorb all the resources pouring in, thereby significantly boosting them and yielding a fruitful result in terms of research and innovation. With these, other Philippines HEIs need to build and develop a vital research and innovative culture among their stakeholders to produce tangible outcomes, which can be utilized for industry-related improvements and new market opportunities, and to address the nation's most pressing issues. Without the support and proper compensation within academia, industry, and government, the pool of talents will be put on the shelf. Nevertheless, leveling up from teaching institutions to become a research and innovative academia remains interesting as it depends primarily on the university's vision and actions, which are mostly affected by its internal and external environment. This paper hopes to be a springboard in formulating policy and practice toward enhancing research and innovation efficiency among the Philippine HEI's that could contribute to the overall nationwide progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This phenomenological study intends to capture and describe Filipino college deans' lived experiences of ethical dilemmas as they carry out their work as administrators. Using semi-structured in-depth interviews and following Collaizzi's method, data was collected and subjected to cool and warm analyses yielding a set of themes and sub-themes that typify what these deans consider to be ethical dilemmas. The resulting "Wheel" of School Leaders' Ethical Dilemmas depicts the nature of the dilemmas faced by these deans, the critical incidents which trigger the onset of the dilemmas, and the value conflicts that are embedded in them. This article intends to add to the growing body of research on ethical decision making in educational management, particularly on the ethical dilemmas faced by Filipino college deans. At a practical level, the findings of this study provide valuable resource to assist practicing and aspiring deans to be more adept in identifying the moral and ethical dimensions of their work as academic administrators. Finally the findings of this study could serve as a knowledge base for curriculum planners in designing ethics courses offered in educational leadership programs in the Philippines to develop academic leaders' competencies and skills in ethical decision making.

Ethical decision-making in school administration has received considerable attention in educational leadership literature. However, most research has focused on principals working in secondary school settings while studies that explore ethical reasoning processes of academic deans have been significantly few. This qualitative study aims to describe the ethical decision-making processes employed by a select group of Filipino college deans in solving ethical dilemmas using the ethical paradigms proposed in the works of Starratt ("Educ Adm Q" 27:185-202, 1991) and Shapiro and Stefkovich ("Ethical leadership and decision-making in education: applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas," 2005) as frameworks for the analysis. Data was gathered using semi-structured interviews and field text was analyzed using deductive thematic analysis. Findings of this study show that majority of the deans chose to share ethical dilemmas involving students and teachers. The findings also show the ethical frameworks of care, justice, and profession as the dominant paradigms utilized by Filipino deans and their preference for adopting multiple ethical frameworks when making their decisions. Most of the ethical dilemmas which the deans narrated relate to their tasks of academic administration such as monitoring student performance, faculty evaluation and maintaining school discipline. Interestingly, only a few dilemmas involving university administrators were expressed, and dilemmas that refer to broader societal issues usually associated with school administrators' utilization of the ethic of critique were also significantly left out in the narratives of this study. This paper intends to contribute to current literature by expanding research to administrators working in the context of higher education in the Philippine setting. The findings of this study could serve as knowledge base in designing ethics courses to enhance educational leaders' ethical decision-making skills. The study also provides useful insights of ethical decisions and reasoning processes employed by academic administrators in resolving real life ethical dilemmas that could be useful at the practical level for aspiring and practicing deans.

Background and Aim: Schools are ideal settings for interventions against diseases to develop sustainable and healthy behaviors that improve long-term health outcomes. The water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) in Schools (WinS) program provides school-based interventions to address health concerns. The integration and practice of the One Health approach in schools may provide useful synergies for improved WinS program efficiency by harmonizing the multisectoral efforts of various stakeholders involved; therefore, this study aimed to revisit the WinS program using the One Health Lens. Materials and Methods: Qualitative methods employed included key informant interviews and focus groups to describe the status of WinS implementation in relation to community WASH and other health programs in the selected study sites using the One Health lens. Results: Good practices in WinS implementation, including public-private sector partnerships to finance construction of WinS facilities, recognition of outstanding schools and innovations to improve program measures, and intensified health education through multimedia channels, were identified. Challenges include deworming hesitancy, disruption of services due to pandemics and disasters, difficulties in sustainable financing of facilities and supplies, inclusive infrastructure, reaching Last Mile schools in Geographically Isolated, Disadvantaged, and Conflict Areas, and the need to connect WinS, community WASH, and other health programs. Conclusion: WASH has proven to be a viable vehicle for improving the health of people in schools and community settings. The study showed that health concerns require a concerted effort of public and private authorities. This study elicited the need to bridge the WASH program implemented in schools with community-based programs to ensure that policies are responsive and that logistic support is provided sustainably. Implementing the Universal Health Care Act and developing and using existing mechanisms for coordination between sectors, such as Healthy Learning Institutions, provide opportunities for aligning programs with the government health agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the presence and characteristics of locally circulating strains of Streptococcus suis, the most important streptococcal pathogen in swine. Oral swab samples were collected from pigs from 664 representative smallhold farms across nine provinces in the Philippines. Isolates were identified and characterized using PCR assays. The study revealed an isolation rate of 15.8% (105/664, 95% CI: 13.0–18.6) among the sampled farms. Two hundred sixty-nine (269) S. suis isolates were recovered from 119 unique samples. Serotype 31 was the most prevalent (50/269, 95% CI: 13.9–23.2) among the other serotypes identified: 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 21, 27, 28, and 29. The detection of the three 'classical' S. suis virulence-associated genes showed that 90.7% (244/269, 95% CI: 87.2–94.2) were mrp-/epf-/sly-. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis further revealed 70 novel sequence types (STs). Notably, several local isolates belonging to these novel STs formed clonal complexes (CC) with S. suis strains recovered from Spain and USA, which are major pork-exporting countries to the Philippines. This study functionally marks the national baseline knowledge of S. suis in Philippines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses play a significant role in geriatric care. However, as the aging population and demand for geriatric nurses increase worldwide, shortages of nurses seem to arise. This creates the need to assess and address the motivation and attitudes of nurses toward geriatric care. The intent of this qualitative study is to surface the essence or the "lebenswelt" that describe the motivation and attitudes of a selected group of Filipino nurses toward geriatric care. A total of six registered nurses who had experienced taking care of elderly patients voluntarily participated as respondents of this study. A two-part instrument developed by the researchers was made to elicit necessary data and information. The first part comprised of the "robotfoto" intended to establish the baseline characteristics of nurses under study. The second part consisted of a semistructured individual in-depth interview using "aide memoire" to probe into the motivation and attitudes of the nurse respondents. Field texts were phenomenologically reduced via repertory grid. Two distinct and interesting themes, namely Geriatric Service Motivation Typology and the Yin-Yang of Geriatric Attitudes emerged. The first theme includes the Single Loop and Double Loop type of motivation The former involves a transactional and unidirectional process, while the latter constitutes a two-way relational and transformational process. The second theme consists of a harmonious combination of the two sides of the nurses' attitudes toward geriatric care. Through this study, the human side of nursing is seen and captured, thus increasing the awareness and knowledge of nurses, improving provision of optimum geriatric care, and inspiring nurses to pursue geriatric nursing with a yearning to serve the elderly with and from the heart. (Contains 2 tables and 1 figure.)

Spirituality is an aspect of holistic care delivery by health team members. However, despite the established relationship of spirituality and health, there had been little evidence of ways of assessing spirituality for nurses' clinical practice in Asia, particularly in regard to geriatric patients. This study aimed to establish an eiditic description of a selected group of Filipino elderly's concept of, distance from, and involvement with God. The goal was to strengthen the need for a holistic care delivery framework anchored on the recognition of spiritual well-being among geriatric patients. Seven Filipino geriatrics suffering from chronic illness participated voluntarily as respondents for this qualitative study. A three-part researcher-made instrument was used in eliciting the needed data and information. The first part of data gathering made use of a "robotfoto" to establish the demographic profile of the respondents. Doodling was utilized to ascertain the respondents' concept of God. Distance from God was assessed through a picture prompt presenting a seat plan in a theatre. A semistructured interview was employed to probe deeper into the respondents' involvement with God. Field texts were phenomenologically reduced via repertory grid and dendogram. The study has eiditically and interestingly surfaced the Filipino elderly's twin concept of God as creating and creative. Generally, the respondents' preferred a close distance from God to facilitate better understanding and higher concentration with God's words. Involvement with God portrayed a sequential process of connection coined as the Ladder to G-O-D, referring to the course of Getting involved, Outcome identification, and Deeper connection. (Contains 3 figures.)

Subjective memory complaints are one of the major concerns of the elderly and remain a challenging area in gerontology. There are previous studies that identify different factors affecting subjective memory complaints. However, an extended model that correlates life-space on subjective memory complaints remains a blank spot. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of life-space, social activity and depression on subjective memory complaints among the selective group of Filipino elderly in the community. To test the factors affecting subjective memory complaints, a structural equation modeling was employed among all parameters. One hundred eighty-nine Filipino elderly aged 60 years and above located in Parañaque City, Makati City and Malabon City were given a multiaspect questionnaire consisting of a robotfoto, Life-Space Assessment (LSA), Research and Development (RAND) Social Health Battery, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Subjective Memory Questionnaire (SMQ). Results revealed that life-space and social activity inversely affect depression while subjective memory complaints are directly affected by depression. New pathways emerged suggesting the interrelationship between life-space and social activity. Additionally, social activity directly affects subjective memory complaints. This study provides a confirmation of the impact of the factors affecting subjective memory complaints. Incorporation of these factors into the existing practice can help the health care providers in optimizing the quality of care rendered and quality of life of the elderly.

In recent years, wisdom is seen as a key resource for school leaders in dealing with the dynamics of the changing school environments. This study purports to expand the growing interest on wisdom by testing a model that describes the impact of transformational, visionary, charismatic and ethical leadership styles on wise leadership development among a select group of 320 Filipino secondary school principals through structural equation modeling. A multi-aspect questionnaire was used to characterize the respondent principals' leadership orientation and styles. Specifically, the following adapted tools were used: the Transformational Leadership Behavior Inventory, the Ethical Leadership Scale, the Charismatic Leadership Scale, the Visionary Leadership Scale and the Wisdom Development Scale. Results of the structural equation model revealed that: (1) each of the four types of leadership has a significant positive impact on wise leadership development, (2) high charismatic qualities of principals could lead to higher capability for wise leadership, (3) transformational and visionary leadership appeared to have the most impact on wise leadership development and (4) five pairs of leadership styles (visionary and charismatic, charismatic and ethical, transformational and ethical, transformational and visionary, and transformational and charismatic) when any of them is practiced by the school principals indicate stronger effect on wise leadership. Implications for practice, theory and policy are also discussed in this paper.

Capitalizing on the power of qualitative approach in drawing out the multiple layers of meaning entrenched in subjective realities, this phenomenological inquiry described the lived experiences of 12 Filipino medical technology deans, as they face their struggles in managing their organization. An in-depth, semi-structured one-on-one interview which lasted for 1-2 h was conducted. Field texts were transcribed and analyzed using a repertory grid and through constant comparative analyses, an interesting model and a set of conceptual themes about deanship struggles were emerged. The 3-D model of deanship struggles, which is a product of the sharing of the respondents, provides a panorama of how Filipino medical technology deans balance (i) superiority and relationality; (ii) rule and role; (iii) obligation and allocation; (iv) personal and professional life; and (v) scholarship and leadership in an educational milieu of (i) prudence; (ii) transparency; (iii) justice; (iv) productivity; and (v) excellence using the gifts of (i) understanding; (ii) flexibility; (iii) bargaining; (iv) hard work; and (v) risk taking. Findings in this paper provide a valuable lens through which the Filipino medical technology deans' mindset as organizational managers could be viewed and understood

Although there is considerable anecdotal evidence that the scale of private tutoring is substantial in the Philippines, attempts to document its existence is limited. Using phenomenological inquiry, this study aimed to provide a more eidetic portrait of private tutoring transformation in the Philippines from the perspectives and collective experiences of 11 cram school and formal school administrators from 3 key urban cities in the country. Using a dendrogram, semistructured interviews surfaced three distinct syndromes describing the dynamics of private tutoring phenomenon, namely, the lean on, pass on, and ride on syndromes of private tutoring. Through the years, private tutoring was able to secure its own market niche at the fringes of the mainstream education system and has become more entrenched in Philippine society.