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Objectives: To know about the findings on fundoscopic examination in patients complaining of primary headache presenting to the Neurosurgical Outpatient Department (OPD). Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Neurosurgery unit of Govt. Naseer Ullah Babar Memorial Hospital, Kohat Road, Peshawar. Period: December 2016 to December 2017. Materials and Methods: All patients presenting to the Neurosurgical OPD with complaints of headache on whom a fundoscopy was done, were included in the study. The age, gender, duration of symptoms, findings on the fundoscopy, and the need for further studies i.e. CT brain, were noted on a proforma. Any positive findings on fundoscopy were further referred to and evaluated by an ophthalmologist under the slit lamp. All patients with history of recent trauma, focal neurological deficit, and those who had undergone brain imaging were excluded from the study. Consent was taken from all the patients. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 19, and was expressed in the form of tables and charts. Results: A total of 19,000 patients were evaluated in the Neuro-OPD during study period, and 1086 patients were having headache. Majority of the patients were females with a number of 619 (56.99%), while 447(43.01%) were males. The male to female ratio was approaching 1.38:1. Age range was from 9 to 62 years and the mean age was 37 years. Duration of symptoms was from 20 days to 12 years with a mean duration of 9 months. Positive findings were noted in a minority of patients, 2.5% (n=28); including pappiledema, diabetic and hypertensive changes. Subsequent Brain imaging was done in 93(8.5%) patients, majority of them were on patients' request, and only 7 patients were having an intracranial lesion. Conclusion: A minority of patients with headache without any neurology had intracranial lesion. However, the importance of fundoscopy cannot be overruled, and should be performed in every patient with headache. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the frequency of drug induced hepatitis among newly diagnosed 119 children of pulmonary tuberculosis subjected to anti tuberculosis therapy. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at department of Pediatrics, Lady Reading Hospital. Peshawar from 4th November 2013 to 3rd may 2014 with total 7 months duration. All newly diagnosed children of pulmonary tuberculosis with normal baseline ALT ofeither gender and age up to 18 year were included while patients with Clinical evidence of hepatitis before initiation of ATT, deranged baseline LFT levels as measured in the laboratory, evidence of other causes of hepatitis on medical records, history of previous episodes of Jaundice, transfusions, operations and presence of non specific factors of liver dysfunction affecting the outcome of therapy were excluded from the study. Patients particulars and all variables of the study were documented according to proforma. SPSS version 16 was used for data analysis and tables were used to represent the data. The above mentioned conditions act as confounders and if included will introduce bias in the study results. Results: The mean age group of our sample was 7.77. + 2.7 years of which 59.7% were male and 40.3% were females. Mean baseline ALT level was 34.91 + 5.8. after 8 weeks of treatment with standard anti TB drugs, the hepatotoxicity was observed in 26.9% of patients with female children and children having baseline ALT above 30.00 were strongly prone to developing anti TB drug induced hepatitis. Conclusion: Anti TB drug induced hepatitis is common problem in our population who are subjected to routine anti TB drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To find out the pattern of worm infection among school children of University of Peshawar. Methodology: A total of 253 school children (male 137 and female 116) from three different schools of University of Peshawar were randomly selected. Worm infection of stool specimens from school children of University of Peshawar were investigated through standard methods during September, 2013 to February, 2014. The data were analyzed with standard statistical procedures using SPSS version 16, frequency and percentages were computed for all variables. Results were presented in the form of tables. Results: The overall infection rate was 23.7%, of which 10 % showed mixed infection. Among positive cases Ascaris lumbricoides was the commonest (38.3 %), followed by Hymenolepis nana (15 %), Entamoeba coli (11. 7) %, Giardia lamblia (10) % and Entamoeba histolytica in 5 % cases. The prevalence rate for Taenia saginata and Enterobius vermicularis were 3.3 % and 1. 7 %, while Trichurus trichiura and Ancylostoma duodenale were found in 1. 7 % and 3.3% cases respectively. Conclusion: Worm infection was found in a significant number of school children of University of Peshawar. Ascaris lumbricoides was the commonest worm infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the clinical and morphological characteristics of IOFB in penetrating ocular injury presented to a tertiary care centre of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for management. Study design: prospective, interventional case Series. Place and duration: At Department of Ophthalmology, Govt Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from 1st July 2011 to 31st Jan 2013. Methodology: 37 cases with intraocular foreign body from outdoor department were admitted for management. Patients were examined after detailed history and important findings noted. Results: The study sample comprised of 37 cases. Male were in majority (70.2%). Mean age was 33+/- 12 years. 23 (62.1%) patients have small foreign body ranging from 1mm or less. 22 (59.5%) Intraocular foreign bodies were elongated in shape. 19 (51.3%) were found on retinal surface. 15 (40.5%) foreign bodies were found to be metallic. Perception of light to no perception of light vision was noted in 20(54.05) cases. Counting finger or better vision was noted in 17 (46) cases. BBI and late presentation was the common reason for poor visual outcome. Conclusion: IOFB is a common and important clinical problem. Small, elongated FBs were common although any sort of FB can enter the eye. FBs like wood and stone were strongly associated with endophthalmitis. Visual prognosis was poor in majority of the eyes, delayed presentation and Bomb Blast Injuries (BBI) were the top reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the location of retinal tears in ocular trauma. Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Eye Department, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from1st January 2013 to 31 December 2013 with 1 year duration. All patients with ocular trauma with both genders and any age having retinal tear were included in study while patients with ocular trauma without retinal tears and other ocular diseases were excluded from the study. Patients particulars like name, age, gender, address, history of ocular trauma and retinal tears whether present or absent were documented on pre designed proforma. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 20 and results were represented in the form of graphs and charts. Results: A total of 105 patients of ocular trauma were included in the study. Male to female ratio was 2.5:1. Average age of the patients was 42.07 years ±5SD with range 13-64 years. The retinal tears in ocular trauma was most common at inferotemporal 52(49.52%) followed by supero-nasal 37(35.23%) quadrant. Conclusion: Retinal tear is common in our setup due to ocular trauma. Middle age males are most suffered from it with inferotemporal quadrant of the eye is most common location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]