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This study aims to measure the quality of distance university higher education in the Peruvian department of Junín, as well as to seek strategies of improvement. To meet this objective, a survey was carried out on students from the 4 universities located in this department, all with an institutional license. An intentional non-probabilistic sampling was used. The quality variable in university higher education is described in nine dimensions derived from the educational policies imposed by the National Superintendency of Higher University Education (SUNEDU in Spanish), which are: academic objectives, educational offer, infrastructure and equipment, research lines, qualified teacher, complementary services, job bank, transparency, and satisfaction. Among the results, it stands out that 59% of the students on average show satisfaction with the education received, which allows us to conclude that quality should be directed by a unit with its own name and established transversally in all administrative, academic, and academic procedures, investigative, social projection, and university extension. Transparency avoids any act of corruption, therefore it is important to associate it with the ethics of the authorities and workers of the university entity, strengthening timely communication with the student body. On the other hand, Kosko's Hidden Patterns Method was used to process a fuzzy cognitive map designed by education quality experts' opinions and in this way conclusions were reached about the strategies to follow for improving the quality of Peruvian non-face-to-face education in the department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the Peruvian university system has experienced a reduction in its educational offer due to institutional licensing. Objective: to determine the labor demand factors that influence the quality of university education. Materials and methods: quantitative research with non-experimental design is analyzed with structural equation modeling (SEM) and uses software (AMOS) to specify the hypothesized relationships between variables. The study is conducted in 24 public universities, with a sample of 487 respondents. Results: the main results show the validity of the constructs related to university labor demand factors and quality of university education, where the construct institutional context and educational relationship significantly influence labor market insertion. Conclusions: the study shows that universities should strengthen students' competencies, the institutional context and innovate the university curriculum and teaching practice, focusing on developing skills in students, which can improve flexibility in thinking and action within organizational contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of academic motivation and emotional intelligence on academic engagement. It is a quantitative and predictive research composed of 416 Peruvian students through structural equation analysis (SEM), who answered three instruments to evaluate the variables. The results refer significant effects of emotional intelligence and motivation on school engagement, simultaneously emotional intelligence predicted motivation with optimal SEM goodness-of- fit indices. Additionally, a multigroup SEM analysis was performed to determine the structural invariance of the predictive model as a function of sex and age. We conclude the mediating role of academic motivation between emotional intelligence and academic engagement, which is important for better academic performance and achievement. The mediating model was equivalent between females and males, as well as between younger and older adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the needs, regarding the right to Adult Learning and Education AEA, of the Venezuelan population in a situation of human mobility in Ecuador and Peru, during the period 2017-2019, because, respectively, they appear as the second and third recipient country at the regional level. The work pursues a descriptive scope, assumes a mixed research approach: qualitative-quantitative, is carried out on the basis of documentary analysis and applies the comparative method. As main results it is obtained that: the AEA is one of the fundamental rights least attended by the States, in terms of educational public policies; at least 70,000 people in Ecuador and 2,000 people in Peru, of Venezuelan nationality, would require AEA services; the AEA is problematized as a fundamental need for the Venezuelan population in a situation of human mobility in Ecuador and Peru, as it represents a right that enables the exercise of many others, as well as fundamental freedoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to describe good practices related to organizational factors of educational effectiveness in times of pandemic in a private higher education institute in Peru. It is a qualitative study, which considers four categories of study to elaborate the semi-structured interview guide, which was applied to leaders of the institution under study. The study concludes that the good leadership practices of the institution in the context of pandemic consist of: 1) developing a pedagogical management style; 2) assisting the teacher to guarantee learning results and strengthen teaching; 3) fostering high commitment in collaborators through motivation, closeness and the promotion of shared leadership; and finally, 4) developing agile tools that facilitate communication and contribute to the achievement of objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is framed in the category of systematic review, responds to the review, analysis, and bibliographic selection of existing articles of the last 10 years, linked to the importance of university teacher communication in virtual education. It aims to describe the importance of university teacher communication in the teaching-learning process within virtual educational practice. He belongs to the research line of pedagogical innovation, is descriptively and methodologically has followed the guidelines of the flow of systematic review of the scientific literature, making use of the prism method, review table of articles, table of abstracts, statistical graphs of the reviewed scientific literature, analysis of the results, discussion, and conclusions of the reviewed literature. The results of the 23 selected articles make visible the position of different writers regarding the communication of the university professor, virtual education, the link between both criteria and certain characteristics; the literature reflects a lack of articles that delimit the impact of the communicative strategies used in the virtual education process. However, relevant information was found regarding the importance of communication and communication skills of teachers in their educational practice and in the process of training future professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to determine the contribution of private schools to socioeconomic school segregation in Peru and its departments. A microdata mining is carried out of the National Student Assessment for the 2nd year of Secondary School, in such a way that it works with 631 013 Secondary School students, distributed in 17 310 educational services in the 25 departments. A greater segregation was found in the group of students with fewer resources, in terms of private school; while for those with greater resources, segregation is greater in public schools, although this segregation is considerably less. In both groups there are important differences between departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic brought was the continuity of education. In this context, this work focuses on analyzing the practice of higher education in the discipline of Engineering and its related academic programs with a future perspective, motivated by the limitations and challenges imposed by the pandemic. To ensure high-quality education, it was relevant to give continuity to the education of students, maintaining active, experiential, student-centered learning experiences that are relevant to developing their skills, despite their remote interaction and frequent technological deficiencies. and educational resources. Thus, this work proposes a conceptual scheme to guide the design and reflection of learning experiences with a post-pandemic perspective. This scheme is composed of six dimensions of innovation and educational leadership for higher education: environment, impact and linkage, educational models and value chain, educational strategies, teaching formats, infrastructure and learning resources, accreditations and learning evaluation. Additionally, this document presents initiatives that exemplify this effort within the MIT Supply Chain And Logistics Excellence network for Latin America and the Caribbean (MIT SCALE LAC), led by the Center for Transportation and Logistics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. These initiatives refer to learning experiences in universities in Bolivia, Mexico, and Peru that have sought to maintain active learning in the context of the pandemic, with a link to the contemporary challenges of organizations, communities, and the society in general in which they live. students immersed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the accelerated development of telecommunications, social networks have decisively broken into the lives of the inhabitants of the planet; Among them, Facebook stands out, for which it constitutes a very important means of communication among students. The study deals with Facebook and its use as a pedagogical resource; In this sense, the objective of the research is to explain, based on interpretations, the perception that teachers and students of basic education have in a district of Cusco in Peru, regarding the social network Facebook and its pedagogical use. The research was developed with a qualitative approach, in which the information was collected through an interview guide that was applied to 10 teachers and 5 students of the aforementioned district. The results show that teachers and students agree that Facebook is the most important social network and that it is possible to use it in learning activities. It is concluded that it is feasible to make a pedagogical use of the Facebook social network due to its ease of use and the fact that it allows the development of activities leading to improve the skills of students, but prior to this, the activities must be planned by the teacher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the entire educational system migrated to the virtual modality, bringing with it social, technological, psychological challenges, etc. In this context, rural schools, which had various shortcomings since before the pandemic, became a scenario where the teaching work and, consequently, student learning was harmed in various aspects. Therefore, this research sought to collect the experiences of secondary school teachers on virtual education that was implemented in rural areas of Peru due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The methodology was qualitative, phenomenological and interviews were conducted with 23 teachers. The initial impact of the school closures drastically changed the educational dynamic, leading to great uncertainty; in response, teachers went out in search of their students despite the geographical and technological difficulties. Likewise, the digital gap worsened, teachers did not receive help from some authorities, family support was diverse and educational programs were reduced, affecting learning opportunities. Everything would indicate that the pre-existing educational, social and technological gaps in rural areas have worsened and it is expected that the new public policies will address this problem as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the migration from the face-to-face or blended teaching-learning modality to virtuality, which has forced students to adapt to this new scenario, however, despite the fact that this modality has favorable aspects, it has also had implications in the socio-emotional aspect. In this sense, the objective of this research was to determine the relationship between academic burnout and psychological well-being in students of a pedagogical higher education institute in Peru during the context of the COVID- 19 pandemic. The research approach was quantitative, the design was non-experimental, and the type was descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 150 students to whom the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS) and the Psychological Well-being Scale were applied, instruments with the required levels of validity and reliability. The main findings indicate that the students were characterized by moderate levels of academic burnout as well as psychological well-being and it was determined that there is an inverse and significant relationship between both variables (rho= -0.601; p<0.05). It was concluded that it is necessary to implement intervention programs that allow the development of protective factors and coping strategies in students so that they can cope adequately in stressful situations and thus improve their psychological well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To design and validate a scale of perception of teleworking in Peruvian primary schoolteachers. Method: This was a cross-sectional study of 400 primary schoolteachers (61.5% women) between 21 and 61 years of age, from six cities in Peru. Eight items were proposed, corresponding to indicators of training, safety, and flexibility of schedules, derived from the scientific literature. The scale was validated by seven experts who evaluated the relevance, representativeness and clarity of the items. Subsequently, we applied exploratory f (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), using the FACTOR Analysis program and SPSS AMOS version 21. Results: The Aiken V indicators were statistically significant for the eight items. Before running the AFE, we calculated the KMO coefficient (0.93) and Bartlett's test (1832.9; gl = 28; p = 0.00). A single factor explained 62.27% of the total variance of the scale and its factor loadings ranged from 0.65 to 0.84. The CFA corroborated the internal structure of the scale (χ2 = 58.24, df = 20, p < 0.01 ; RMR = 0.03; TLI = 0.97; CFI = 0.97; and RMSEA = 0.06) and the reliability was acceptable (α = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.89-0.92). Conclusions: The scale demonstrates evidence of content-based validity, internal structure and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study is to analyze the level of environmental education and ethics in civil engineering programs in order to propose transversal contents within the curriculum. To evaluate the presence of environmental issues, a Likert scale questionnaire was applied to 260 students and a dichotomous scale to 42 professors and directors of universities in the Puno region. The results indicate that the students have a medium level of environmental ethics in knowledge and skills, while in attitudes and values they have a high level. Regarding the application of the environmental theme by the professors, there is a medium level in the physical, pedagogical and didactic areas and a high level in the academic area; consequently, it is necessary to establish environmental policies explicitly in the strategic plans and study curricula so that future professionals assume their environmental commitment at the time of executing civil infrastructure projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America forced a transition from a face-to-face educational model to a distance model affected by emergencies, technological precariousness, and lack of planning. This has heightened the need for media literacy in the region. In this context, the changes that have occurred were analyzed in order to propose a critical agenda from the perspective of teachers. First, a desk research of official sources was carried out to learn about the strategies of the four countries under study: Argentina, Ecuador, Chile, and Peru. Secondly, eight focus groups were conducted with primary school teachers from public and private institutions to learn about their perception of their own and their students' media competencies, the impact of the pandemic on their practices and needs, and the emerging challenges in this crisis. The results shed light on the need for relevant ICT training from a media literacy perspective, and strategies to address connectivity gaps, lack of adequate environments and work overload. The specific results per country and the differences and demands of each context are discussed in this work as contributions to the development of a critical agenda in media education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research was to determine the level of scientific culture of the students of the Faculty of Education of the National University of the Center of Peru, which is made up of seven Professional Academic Schools (PAS). The level of this research was descriptive, prospective and longitudinal. The instrument used was the Scientific Culture Questionnaire (SCQ) made up of 73 items, whose design and construction was based on the recommendations of the Antigua Manual (OEI-RICYT) which was then applied, through the survey technique, to 72 students, selected by probabilistic and stratified sampling. The level of scientific culture of the students was determined, first by PAS and from these, the level of general scientific culture of the faculty, which, analyzed in terms of frequencies, was 44.61%, corresponding to a low level of scientific culture, according to an established scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resilient attitudes in times of a COVID-19 pandemic have allowed children and adolescents to develop protective factors to continue developing adequately. This is evidenced in the current study, whose objective was to analyze the association between resilient attitudes and fear of contagion by COVID-19. The sample consisted of 282 high school students from two countries, Peru and Mexico: The ages ranged between 12 to 21 years of age for students from Peru and between 12 to 22 years of age for those from Mexico. Two questionnaires were used as measurement instruments, the (1993) Wagnild and Young resilience scale, which has 25 items, and the COVID-19 fear scale (FCV-19S) created by Ahorsu, Lin, Imani, Saffari, Griffiths. and Pakpour (2020). The results show that there is an association between resilient attitudes and fear of contagion by COVID 19. However, considering the results by country, in Peruvian students there is an association between the variables, while in the Mexican sample, there is no association. Regarding the association between the dimensions of resilience and fear of contagion by COVID-19 in Peruvian students, an association was found in three factors: equanimity, perseverance, and satisfaction; while in Mexican students only the self-confidence factor is associated with fear of contagion. It is concluded that, despite the fact that the students show high levels of resilience, Mexican students have less fear of contagion than their Peruvian counterparts, for which, probably culture, the information received about the pandemic, and their self-confidence, etc., may play an important role in this difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Talent Management is a decisive issue in business sciences, however when it comes to the management of teaching staff in higher education it is still little appreciated, taking into account that teachers are the trainers of future professionals. Within these teachers, there is usually a group that stands out for their leadership, who would be the most appropriate to exercise leader ship positions. Currently, the selection is made mainly empirically in higher education institutions in Peru. This article proposes to select the criteria that should be used to measure the talent of teachers regarding the exercise of management positions within the universities and higher educational institutes within the country, or at least to identify possible institutional leaders. For this, a combination of the Delphi method with the 2-tuple linguistic Word Calculation method is used. This is a new result in the context of Peruvian higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world system is subject to a process of globalization that has a positive or negative impact on the economy, culture and quality of life of the societies of each country, if they do not have the necessary knowledge and strategies to be able to face in In the future, there will be the possibility of being trapped in the "jaws" of the process, therefore, this research seeks to carry out a critical analysis of the commitment and challenges of Peru universities in preparing their citizens to face globalization. The methodology used is documentary, based on the comparative, critical and reflective analysis of data on the progress of university education in this challenging planetary task. It is concluded that university education requires paradigm changes in the educational model in some universities, which assume an epistemological stance centered on the human being, improving the universalization of income, changes in the research quality indicators, generating patents of In a massive way, finally, it is urgently required to initiate processes of internationalization of the university to advance in what concerns teacher training, research and development. The insertion of the university system in Peru to face globalization will be possible if it is established as a political commitment of the State agreed by all sectors of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the key variables that characterize the Peruvian Environmental Education (EE) system necessary for early childhood, as well as which actors lead it into the future. Based on an exploratory and descriptive design, and with the help of a group of five expert educators on the subject and with a recognized local background, a structural analysis, typical of French strategic prospective, was carried out, aimed at determining the key variables of the system. The results showed that the most sensitive aspects of the EE of Peruvian children are learning from the local reality to the global, the promotion of sustainable actions, and solidarity actions and teacher entrepreneurship in the communities. The most influential actor for the system ends up being the Ministry of Education of Peru (Minedu) itself as the agent responsible for driving the EE of Peruvian children towards better quality standards in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considered the objective of identifying the level of happiness in university students who are going through an atypical situation caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, the same one that had as one of its consequences in the educational field the development of classes from remote and virtual systems, new events in a country like Peru, which after a period of their implementation register peculiar effects that allow their study, the research used the non-experimental method, cross section, descriptive type of quantitative nature in a stratified and proportional sample of 224 university students from the Faculty of Education Sciences of the UNA - Puno, The only study variable was evaluated with the Lima Happiness Scale, which consists of 27 items. Among the most outstanding results we have that 33.9%, perceives happiness at a low level, 38.8% at a medium level and 27.2% at a high level. The study concludes stating that the level of happiness of the students does not respond to desired levels, due to null situations of academic socialization caused by the health emergency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To establish the possible relationship between internet addiction and the social skills of students in the fifth grade of secondary education in the Las Piedras district, Perú. Materials and methods: The research had a quantitative ap- proach, the design was non-experimental and the descriptive type - correlational, transectional. The sample consisted of 102 fifth-grade secondary school students to whom two data collection instruments were applied: the Lima Internet Addiction Scale and the Social Skills Check List, instruments with adequate levels of reliability and validity. Subsequently, the responses were systematized and analyzed using the SPSS® version 23 program. Results: 58.8% of students presented a medium level of internet addiction, 62.8% partially developed their social skills and it was statistically found that there is an inverse and significant relationship between internet addiction and the social skills of students (rs= -0.787; p= 0.000<0.05). Conclusions: High levels of internet addiction are related to low levels of development of social skills. For this reason, the educational institution must encourage a pertinent and prudent use of the internet so that students develop social interaction activities in their leisure moments and improve their family or friendships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Peru, initial education programs named PRONOEIs (Non-School Programs of Initial Education) for children aged 3 to 5 have been rolled out to the communities over the last decades. They are still widespread in the Andean communities of Ancash, but are little known in the literature on education in Peru. The present article relates a classroom experience in a PRONOEI of an Andean Quechua language community in Ancash and emphasizes the importance of demonstration classes in Quechua. It argues that improved levels of training provided to the promoters would include informing them about the linguistic, psychological and cognitive advantages of using the first language for the development of children. Thus, the promoters would be more inclined to use Quechua in the classroom and to share the importance of this language with parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on whether the attainment of formal schooling is associated with condom use (CU) in the context of preventing sexually transmitted infections in rural communities in Andean Peru. Results include the factors that mediated the association between schooling and CU including cognitive functioning and sexual health knowledge, and the sources of endogeneity including the correlation between marital status and the likelihood of CU.

The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between environmental education and the development of environmental awareness in students of the Civil Engineering Faculty of Cesar Vallejo University (UCV) in the city of Lima. The technique applied to collect the information was the survey and as instruments, two questionnaires of closed questions were elaborated for each one of the study variables. The results determined that there are moderate significant relationships (significance of 0.01) between the variable Environmental Education and the variables of cognitive dimension, affective dimension, conative dimension and active participation of the Environmental Awareness in students of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the UCV with a Rho from Spearman 0.435, 0.486, 0.374 and 0.489 respectively. In general, the value of the Rho was 0.556. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general objective of this article is to analyze the public policies on intellectual property of Peru, in order to propose a scale for its measurement at the level of higher education. It is a study based on the hermeneutical historical paradigm of qualitative - quantitative approach. The investigation is descriptive, a document and legal information tracking has been done in the field of intellectual property. The variable under study is theorized, creating a construct of it and establishing a contextualized concept to the current conjuncture; dimensions of knowledge about intellectual property, drafting standards and citations are considered. The results indicate that the intellectual property written properly is referred to the copyright; however, it is only one part since it covers the right of work's ownership by the author; which has its genesis when it materializes. Based on this, a measurement scale is proposed, subjecting it statistically to reliability using the KR-20 = 0.870 statistic, which is high. It is concluded that the mechanisms implemented by the Peruvian State -that protect the author- must be better coordinated and implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to show some of the changes associated with the curriculum reforms undertaken in Mexico and Peru in basic education. To achieve this end, we focus the analysis on the curriculum proposals made in 2016, within the framework of a qualitative research perspective and supported by the analysis of document content. In both countries, the means of intervention in constructing curriculum policy is based increasingly on social participation. Efforts are destined to institute the curriculum as a connecting device among the three levels of basic education. While curriculum policies in Mexico are separate from the focus on competencies, in Peru, the attempt is made to give continuity and coherence to the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparisons between countries around the globe reported since 1999 reveal that nations' wealth consistently increases with distance from the Equator. Is Peru's territory exempt from this trend? This study used GPS coordinates, questionnaire data, climate files, and census information from the 2000 Peru Demographic and Health Survey, Climate Wizard, and G-Econ data sets to reconcile the contradictory national evidence and understand the role of certain geophysical and social variables. Household assets increase from north to south in the Brack ecological regions with latitudinal orientation which were studied (Desert, Puna, Yunga, Amazon), especially in rural settings, and as does women's education, except in the Amazon. Neither temperature nor fourteen other geophysical and social variables account for such effects, though women's domestic power explains them in the Yunga ecoregion. The findings can be understood through two theoretical perspectives: one, according to the evolutionary theses of Lynn, Rushton, and Kanazawa, suggests the genetic fixation of differential intellectual levels caused by an ancestral adaptation of Peruvian to various conditions of climate and altitude. The other, combining what is known about ultraviolet radiation, vitamin D, and production of sexual hormones with Zajon's confluence theory, is defined by fertility rate and the consequent intellectual home environment for the child. Both predict the increment of IQ and educational PISA scores from north to south Peru, but one points toward education and the other to family planning as human development strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peru has experienced during the last decades a significant increase in educational coverage at all levels, including higher education. However, currently high unemployment and underemployment rates cast doubt about the profitability of investments in education that have been undertaken. This paper estimates the evolution of the returns to education in the last two decades in Peru and finds mixed evidence on the profitability of higher education in the Peruvian labor market. Due to the convexification of returns, university education shows average private and social rates of return estimated between 12% and 15%. On the contrary, non-university higher education shows on average rather low private and social rates of return, even close to zero. Therefore, a thorough evaluation of the effectiveness and relevance of that education level seems warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the knowledge about family violence parents or caregivers of children in school stage have in a state educational institution in Ate Vitarte (Lima, Peru). Methods: Quantitative Approach, descriptive cross- sectional type. The sample was comprised of 73 parents or caregivers of schoolchildren in a state school in Lima. The technique used was surveying and the instrument was a questionnaire which consisted of two parts: the first on socio-demographic data from the Study subjects and a second section was related to the knowledge of family violence in twenty questions on physical, psychological, sexual violence and negligence. Results: 62% of the respondents got a low score related to knowledge about physical violence by negligence; 52% in sexual violence, and 34% in psychological violence. On the other hand, the other score that was taken into account was the overall score on knowledge of violence from which 45% obtained a low level. Conclusion: Parents or caregivers have poor knowledge of the concepts of violence and their types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper relates perceptions and insights through which teachers build an image of what it means to be a teacher and why they chose to be a teacher. They did not think about becoming part ofthe teaching profession in advance driven by an inner force independent of the objective conditions of their existence, but the their like and motivation teaching is growing when they go to teacher training institutions and during the same school year. In other words, interest in the teaching profession is historical and built day by day. Once they are involved in their profession, they feel ready to, value it and build an idea of what it means to be a high school teacher. This articulates perceptions and insights that teachers built about their work in relation to students in the educational field and the valuation that others make about their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a descriptive study of two topics: 1) the correspondence between conceptions on co-teaching and the teaching practices of teachers at the School of Education in a private university in Lima; 2) the conditions that favor and restrict co-teaching, from the teachers' perspective. Through interviews and documentary analysis, the idea of co-teaching as "team teaching" was found to be dominant, even though in practice, autonomy was favored, and teachers are beginning to use a combination of the "station teaching" and "one teach, one drift" models. The courses praised most highly by students were one course developed as "team teaching" and two developed with different degrees of autonomy. The main facilitating factors were personal ones; the main restricting factors were students' ability and aspects relating to management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the civil rights associated with bilingual education among the native population in Peru. The author comments on the constitutional laws regarding bilingual indigenous education and describes the importance of the maintenance of indigenous cultural identity. The legal concept of amparo, or the protection of constitutional rights, is also examined.

Runa soncco, a Quechua term for "Indian heart", is the title of a magazine published between 1935 and 1948, which articles reveal the intention to integrate the Andean culture with Western public health on-site. It also turned into a key tool for the dissemination of the sanitation and education message and the indigenous movement led by Dr. Manuel Núñez Butrón, one of the irst experiences in promotional preventive care in Peru and in the world -- a pioneer of what four decades later would be called "primary health care". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

¿Es el sistema educativo un factor nivelador del ingreso? Según datos provenientes de países en desarrollo, si bien la educación se ha expandido enormemente en los últimos decenios, la distribución del ingreso no se ha vuelto más equitativa. En el presente artículo se procura resolver esta aparente paradoja. Se construye un modelo teórico sobre la relación entre educación e ingresos en el que la identidad étnica desempeña un papel clave en el proceso de distribución. El modelo permite diagnosticar que el sistema educativo no es un factor nivelador de los ingresos. A partir del modelo teórico se deriva un conjunto más amplio de predicciones, que posteriormente se contrastan con información disponible respecto del Perú. Los resultados de las pruebas estadísticas coinciden con las predicciones del modelo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Durante los casi 200 años de la República del Perú, su gobierno tuvo a su cargo la educación. Función que desempeñó de manera ineficiente, siendo considerada la educación en el Perú como una de las más bajas en el mundo, según los índices de competitividad global del Foro Económico Mundial (FEM). El sistema educativo peruano está caracterizado por una serie de matices negativos, como protestas del sindicato de profesores, bajísima calidad en la enseñanza, incursiones del terrorismo e ideologías en las aulas, entre otros contrastes de corte político, que no permiten el avance de esta actividad tan importante para el progreso del país. Por tanto, el tema central de este ensayo es proponer una mejora del sistema educativo peruano para que sea más competitivo. Para este fin, tomaremos como base el sistema de cupones propuesto por el economista ganador del Premio Nobel Milton Friedman, el cual aplicaremos a la realidad peruana, aparte de otras consideraciones cualitativas que son fundamentales analizar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the civil rights associated with bilingual education among the native population in Peru. The author comments on the constitutional laws regarding bilingual indigenous education and describes the importance of the maintenance of indigenous cultural identity. The legal concept of amparo, or the protection of constitutional rights, is also examined.

Although it is assumed that health care education improves life style in hypertensive patients, there is no enough evidence to support its implementation. Objective: Evaluate the effect of health care education on salt ingestion and physical exercise in hypertensive patients. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study based on surveys applied to 179 hypertensive patients who attended the internal medicine and cardiology outpatient clinics from June to July 2009. Chi square test was performed using the SPSS statistical package version 17.0. Results: 67% were females; 69% were older than 60 years of age; 72.1% had secondary school level or superior education level. Health care education was received by 25% of the participants, 22% had received printed material in the last 6 months. Having received health care education was not associated with less salt ingestion or with more physical exercise. Conclusions: Health care education did not influence salt ingestion and physical exercise in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the moment that the new Peruvian government is independent of the Spanish political state power, the estate power is entrusted to establish and regulate the organization and functioning of the institutions that make up what we know today as the educational system. Within this process, secondary education has experienced unusual developments that differentiate it from other educational standards, in regard to institutions that teach, its purposes, the training of their teachers, instituted and the meaning assigned to teaching work and directors, thus secondary education was born linked to university education and the service of a privileged minority. His teachers, privileged elite homogenizer service project of the state have moved toward a situation of deteriorating living conditions and devaluation of their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare peer education versus that imparted by health professionals for improving knowledge, risk perception and risky sexual behavior among teenagers attending to family planning clinics of two hospitals in Lima. Material and Methods: Experimental single-blind study carried out at the family planning clinics of Hospital Dos de Mayo and Instituto Materno Perinatal during the year 2000. After signing an informed consent, 206 teenagers considered as being at risk were randomly assigned to one of the two educational interventions and later they were requested to come back at the end of the third month in order to reassess knowledge, attitudes and risky sexual behavior. Sign rank, Mann Whitney and Analysis of Covariance tests were used to compare scores for knowledge, risk perception and sexual behavior after the educational intervention. Results: 89 (84%) out of 106 teenagers assigned to the peer education and 70 (70%) out of 100 teenagers assigned to the education provided by health professionals (p= 0,02). Improvement in the level of knowledge was significantly higher (p= 0,047) in group with peer education compared to the group trained by health professionals; however, significance decreased (p= 0,07) when analysis of covariance was used taking into account the scores for the first interview. Improvements in risk perception and sexual behavior were higher in the group with peer education, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Peer education proved to be more effective in improving knowledge and the group undergoing this approach had better follow up rates, so peer education should be promoted as a strategy for decreasing the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of fiscal spending in nutrition, health and education of children and adolescents between 2000-2005, has not been following the same pattern of growth as that of GDP in the same period of time in Peru. These important components of public policy in childhood and adolescence have not been properly attended with the larger resources collected by the State, specially in the nutrition area given that fiscal real expenditure in that area fell in spite of the rapid growth of GDP during the period of our study. With the figures found in the SIAF, the structure of public expenditure in the indicated components has been constructed, according to the expenditure budgetary functions, allowing us to establish a base that allows us to take proposals on improvements in public policy in the formation of the human capital since childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among students of the San Marcos district of Ancash, Peru. Methods: A total of 1303 stool samples of children from the kinder, primary and secondary school levels were investigated using direct examinations. Results: At least one parasite was found in 65% of students. Out of 845 positive stool samples, one parasite was found in 82% and two parasites were found in 18%; protozoan parasites predominated over nematodes. The most frequent parasites identified were Giardia lamblia 23.7%, Ascaris lumbricoides 16.9% and Hymenolepis nana 9.6%. Non-pathogenic Entamoeba coli was found in 31.8%. Conclusions: The prevalence of intestinal parasites in the rural highland population of Ancash is high, which may be related to deficient sanitary conditions of the region. Improving sanitary conditions and enhancing education on hygiene are needed in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myth as a didactic resource was the fundamental organizing idea for the teaching of Civic Education in República del Peru Institute, founded in 1985 in Parera, La Pampa. The main goal of such institution, in direct connection with the university course of Didactics, UNLPam, was focused on educating autonomous individuals capable of social cooperation. The task involved a tracking evaluation which became the subject of several publications and of a curricular evaluation captured by a Master dissertation that verified the political commitment and active insertion of the Institute's graduates in the community. Encouraged by the success obtained and with the aim of favoring the use of narrative as a didactic strategy, we committed ourselves to an in-depth analysis of the myth's central theme and its symbols. The selected examples attempt to facilitate the access to the world of mythical narrative, recovering its huge educational potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study describes the voices and agencialities of female rural Andean students enrolled in high school. The study explores how educational practices and discourses in the school and family context impact these young women's voices and agencialities. Also analyzed are the actions they are taking to change their existing situation. The post-structural approach and theories of resistance, voice and power inform the literature review and analysis of the study, which describes the many educational and sociocultural obstacles the young women face: an educational curriculum not adapted to their needs, untrained teachers with low expectations for their students' future, and an educational environment that silences their voices. The results show that despite of all obstacles, these women have a firm determination to seek a different future, rather than live under the oppressive patriarchal cycle their mothers and female relatives have endured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess the effects of the School Breakfast Program (SBP) on the intellectual performance of elementary and primary level school students attended by SBP in Peru, during 2001. Materials and Methods: In this analytic cross-sectional study we assessed students of 4 to 13 years (chosen using multi-stage probabilistic sample) from districts attended by SBP, with the Catell 1 (4-8 years) and Catell 2 (9-13 years) cognitive tests, and we calculated the average of total scores and scores for each subtest included in this test. Two methods were used for the identification of children that received the intervention: teacher's evidence of "usual consumption" of the school breakfast and the observation of the consumption during the day of the assessment. Results: 1787 school students were evaluated: 922 of elementary and 865 of primary eduactional level. The proportion of girls and boys was similar. Recent consumption of breakfast showed positive effects in the total scores and specific subtests in Coast and Jungle students of elementary level, using Catell 1 test and in primary level students from the Coast, using Catell 2 test. Regular consumption showed positive effects in the total scores and in the specific tests in elementary school students of Coast and Jungle, using Catell 1 test. Conclusions: There are positive effects due to recent consumption and regular consumption of PDE ration on the intellectual performance, showing a greater effect in students of elementary level and in Coast and Jungle study sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite improved higher education accessibility in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), challenges persist in student drop-out, especially for socio-economically disadvantaged students. While machine learning models have enhanced our understanding of this challenge by predicting academic performance, many studies overlook LMIC-specific institutional factors or focus on specific courses, limiting their generalizability and policy uses. To address these issues, the authors compiled a comprehensive database using administrative and census data to predict undergraduate academic performance at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP). The study found that the most effective models were tree-based ensembles, particularly Random Forest, with key predictors including prior secondary school performance and university admission test scores. They present a high-performing model using only ten features that can predict future academic performance and potentially aid in reducing student drop-out at PUCP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UTEC-UNED-TECSUP University Consortium have participated in the eighth call for proposals of the Program to Support the Design and Implementation of Strategies for the Continuity of Higher Education Services in Public Universities of the Ministry of Education of Peru (PMESUT), whose objective was to promote the continuity of non-classroom educational services in public universities. This article presents the assessment carried out in four universities, with the aim of ensuring the digitization of teaching after the onset of the pandemic. After the diagnosis and their corresponding training process, the techno-pedagogical virtualization of 138 model courses was carried out, consisting of three phases: planning, curricular design and teaching support and implementation of the courses in the virtual classroom. The limitations were related to the existing digital gaps: shortage of time, personal self-regulation, and scarce training in pedagogical and digital competencies of teachers. Individualized support and tutoring measures were sought, increasing the number of synchronous sessions to facilitate evaluation. Feedback sought information, interaction, and responsibility for what was done and the improvement of the didactic act in virtual mode. In conclusion, the complexity of the process and the high level of demand for obtaining results that, although positive, went through several obstacles coming from the different agents and elements involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]