Search

In this article, I show the potential of feminist film archiving to unsettle dominant paradigms in Peruvian film historiography. I describe my work as a curator of Rebeldes y Valientes (1913–2019) (Rebels and Braves, 1913–2019), the first digital archive that sheds light on the participation of women filmmakers in the history of Peruvian cinema. I argue that Rebels and Braves has challenged the overrepresentation of male filmmakers constructed by Peruvian film historiography, even as it was constrained in its capacity to redress the structural conditions that erase and delegitimize women's contributions to film. This article also makes the case for a disruptive archive that visualizes a feminist approach to curation and film history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this article is to review recent experience of effective teaching recognition policies in Latin America. The article examines the main issues related to the recognition of teaching by summarizing experiences of awards to teachers in the region, describing their results and limitations. The article outlines the most important characteristics of the awards' initiatives: background, goals and outreach, institutional design, participating actors, functioning methodology, selection criteria, achieved impacts and resources. The authors discuss their potential role in the strengthening of teaching's social prestige and recognition of effective teaching in the region. (Contains 10 notes and 6 tables.)

Introduction: The SIR epidemic model is useful for measuring the rate of spread of COVID-19 strains (B.1.617.2/P.1/C.37/B.1.621), in terms of epidemiological threshold R0 over time. Objective: To evaluate a mathematical model of differential type, typical of the behavior of COVID-19 for the Peruvian collective. Methods: A differential mathematical model of the behavior of the pandemic was developed for the Peruvian collective, based on the experience in the control of Kermack--McKendrick infections. The number of susceptible S, infected and spreading infection I and recovered R was estimated, using official datasets from the World Health Organization, based on the history between March 7 and September 12, 2020 and; projected for 52 weeks until September 11, 2021. Results: The lowest rate of infections will occur from April 3, 2021. Evidencing a prognosis of lower transmissibility for May 29, 2021 with an infected rate (β=0.08) and threshold (R0=0.000), the accuracy of the model was also quantified at 97.795%, with 2.205% of average percentage error, with the temporary average value being R0 <1, so each person who contracts the disease will infect less than one person before dying or recovering, so the outbreak will disappear. Conclusion: The curve of infections in Peru will depend directly on mitigation measures to curb the spread of infection and predict sustained transmission through vaccination against covid-19 type strains; with the observance of people of preventive measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though many countries in Latin America have adopted FOI Laws, there are significant differences in the institutional design of FOI oversight institutions. Most explanations highlight the role of political competition in motivating political actors to design strong de jure FOI oversight institutions. The design of FOI oversight institutions in Chile, Peru and Uruguay, however, cannot fully be explained by political competition. We show how isomorphic pressures help explain variation in the de jure strength of the FOI oversight institutions. Our findings highlight the importance of considering domestic constraints on the diffusion of one‐size‐fits‐all models. To analyze each case, we conducted a systematic process‐tracing analysis. Our in‐depth analysis allowed us to assess different theories concerning the specific institutional design of FOI oversight institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The in trust sweetpotato collection housed by the International Center of Potato (CIP) is one of the largest assemblages of plant material representing the genetic resources of this important staple crop. The collection currently contains almost 6,000 accessions of Ipomoea batatas (cultivated sweetpotato) and over 1,000 accessions of sweetpotato crop wild relatives (CWRs). In this study, the entire cultivated collection (5,979 accessions) was genotyped with a panel of 20 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to assess genetic identity, diversity, and population structure. Genotyping and phenotyping of in vitro plantlets and mother plants were conducted simultaneously on 2,711 accessions (45% of the total collection) to identify and correct possible genetic identity errors which could have occurred at any time over the thirty plus years of maintenance in the in vitro collection. Within this group, 533 accessions (19.6%) had errors in identity. Field evaluations of morphological descriptors were carried out to confirm the marker data. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to reveal the intraspecific relationships in the population which uncovered high levels of redundancy in material from Peru and Latin America. These genotypic data were supported by morphological data. Population structure analysis demonstrated support for four ancestral populations with many of the accessions having lower levels of gene flow from the other populations. This was especially true of germplasm derived from Peru, Ecuador, and Africa. The set of 20 SSR markers was subsequently utilized to examine a subset of 189 accessions from the USDA sweetpotato germplasm collection and to identify and reconcile potential errors in the identification of clones shared between these collections. Marker analysis demonstrated that the USDA subset of material had 65 unique accessions that were not found in the larger CIP collection. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first report of genotyping an entire sweetpotato germplasm collection in its entirety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analysed a representative collection of New World sweet potato landraces (329 accessions from Mexico to Peru) with both chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite markers. Both kinds of markers supported the existence of two geographically restricted genepools, corresponding to accessions from the north-western part of South America and accessions from the Caribbean and Central America region. Our conservative cpSSRs markers revealed that the divergence between the two haplotype groups is associated with numerous mutation events concerning various markers, supporting the idea that this divergence may be ancient, predating domestication. For both kinds of markers, we found no significant difference in diversity between the two genepools and detected region-specific alleles in both groups. Previous studies have favoured the hypothesis of a single domestication of this crop. Our analysis suggests at least two independent domestications, in Central/Caribbean America and in the north-western part of South America. Sweet potato was then dispersed from these centres throughout tropical America. Comparison of nuclear and chloroplast data suggests that exchanges of clones and sexual reproduction were both important processes in landrace diversification in this clonally propagated crop. Our analysis provides useful tools for rationalizing the conservation and use of sweet potato germplasm collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biotropica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)