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Background: Candida auris, a multidrug‐resistant fungal pathogen, has received considerable attention owing to its recent surge, especially in South America, which coincides with the ongoing global COVID‐19 pandemic. Understanding the clinical and microbiological characteristics of outbreaks is crucial for their effective management and control. Objective: This retrospective observational study aimed to characterize a C. auris outbreak at a Peruvian referral hospital between January 2021 and July 2023. Methods: Data were collected from hospitalized patients with positive C. auris culture results. Microbiological data and antifungal susceptibility test results were analysed. Additionally, infection prevention and control measures have been described. Statistical analysis was used to compare the characteristics between the infected and colonized patients. Results: Thirty‐three patients were identified, mostly male (66.7%), with a median age of 53 years. Among them, 18 (54.5%) were colonized, and 15 (45.5%) were infected. Fungemia was the predominant presentation (80%), with notable cases of fungemia in tuberculosis patients with long‐stay devices for parenteral anti‐tuberculosis therapy. Seventy‐five percent of the isolates exhibited fluconazole resistance. Echinocandins were the primary treatment, preventing fungemia recurrence within 30 days. Infected patients had significantly longer hospital stays than colonized patients (100 vs. 45 days; p =.023). Hospital mortality rates were 46.7% and 25% in the infected and fungemia patients, respectively. Simultaneous outbreaks of multidrug‐resistant bacteria were documented. Conclusions: This study underscores the severity of a C. auris outbreak at a referral hospital in Peru, highlighting its significant impact on patient outcomes and healthcare resources. The high prevalence of fluconazole‐resistant isolates, leading to prolonged hospital stay and high mortality rates, particularly in cases of fungemia, underscores the critical need for effective infection prevention and control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest plantations can be established in order to restore degraded areas. Acoustic tomography, which is of increasing importance in forest management, was used in the present study to obtain information for managing plantations of Cedrelinga cateniformis Ducke in the Peruvian Amazon. The species is valuable in the timber sector of Peru, but the core wood tends to deteriorate and develop cavities. The main objective of the study was to model wood deterioration in Cedrelinga cateniformis Ducke using the data obtained through acoustic tomography. Eight plantations of varying ages were analyzed using acoustic tomography in order to obtain indicators of wood deterioration. Biometric, climatic, and edaphic data (explanatory variables) were also measured in each plantation. The indicator variables and explanatory variables were compared and evaluated using correlation and principal component analysis. Wood deterioration was modelled using stepwise regression. The indicator variables differed significantly between plantations and were mainly correlated with the biometric variables (age and diameter at breast height). The models explained 81% of the variability of pith rot. The percentage rotten area was minimal in young plantations (1%), and the opposite was observed in mature trees (21.5 to 25.6%). The study findings provide valuable information, enabling foresters to determine the optimal age and diameter for felling Cedrelinga cateniformis in plantations in the Peruvian Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guinea pigs have historically been used as a food source and are also an important model for studying the human intestines. Fasting is the act of temporarily stopping the intake of food. This process can alter the microbiota of various animals. This study is the first to investigate the impact of fasting on the cecum microbiome of three guinea pig breeds. We investigated the impact of fasting on the microbiome population structure in the cecum of three guinea pig breeds. This was done by sequencing and analyzing the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene in bacterial communities found in cecum mucosa samples. To achieve this, we established two treatment groups (fasting and fed), for each of the three guinea pig breeds: Andina, Inti, and Peru. The study involved twenty-eight guinea pigs, which were divided into the following groups: Andina-fed (five), Andina-fasting (five), Inti-fed (four), Inti-fasting (five), Peru-fed (five), and Peru-fasting (four). The results indicated a significant difference in beta diversity between the treatment groups for the Peru breed (P-value = 0.049), but not for the treatment groups of the Andina and Inti breeds. The dominant phyla across all groups were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. We observed variations in the abundance of different taxa in the cecum microbiota when comparing the treatment groups for each breed. Additionally, there was a higher number of unique taxa observed in the fasting groups compared to the fed groups. We discovered that the genus Victivallis was the only one present in all fasting groups across all breeds. Despite the findings, the resilience of the gutmicrobiome was not challenged in all three breeds, which can lead to disruptive changes that may affect the overall maintenance of the cecum microbiome. Based on the observed differences in the treatment groups of the Peru breed, it can be suggested that fasting has a greater impact on this particular breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The brief God Mysticism Scale (GMS-B) is a 12-item scale that assesses the perception of God mysticism. The study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the GMS-B. The sample consisted of 421 young Peruvians from the city of Lima with a mean age of 26.76 years, recruited by convenience sampling using a snowball method. Construct validity, internal consistency reliability, difficulty and discrimination indices of the items, and measurement invariance across sex of the GMS-B were evaluated using procedures derived from classical test theory and item response theory. A confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the original model of two correlated factors did not show adequate fit indices. For this reason, after testing a set of factorial models, it was determined that a brief model of five items written in a positive manner (GMS-5) presented the best fit. In addition, the GMS-5 presented adequate reliability indices (α = 0.94; ω = 0.94), all the items presented adequate discrimination indices, and the difficulty parameters increased monotonically. Therefore, a higher level of the perception of God mysticism is necessary to answer the higher answer options on the scale (for example, respond to option 9 = Definitely true from my experience). Finally, the GMS-5 showed evidence of being strictly invariant for the groups of men and women. In conclusion, the GMS-5 is a unidimensional, reliable, and invariant instrument to assess mysticism among young men and women in Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The linkage between environmental conditions in the coastal ocean and the open sea varies greatly by region. It is important to clarify, on an area-by-area basis, what coastal monitoring information reveals about the open ocean and how much predictive information for the open ocean may be applicable to the coastal ocean. The Pacific Ocean off the coast of Peru is a monitoring area for the El Niño/La Niña, an oceanic–atmospheric phenomenon of global importance. However, there are not many reliable data along the Peruvian coast. We deployed a network of 6 logger sites along the Peruvian coast during 2017–2020 and compiled a useful, high-resolution dataset of water temperatures. We examined a possible link between temperatures in the coastal waters of Peru and the open sea by comparing the new dataset with historical temperatures in the open ocean. We confirmed that monthly mean anomalies of seashore water temperatures in coastal Peru were strongly correlated with those of open ocean sea surface temperatures. With one exception, the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.80 to 0.92 and were significant at p < 0.01. This result suggested that data obtained from monitoring along the Pacific coast of Peru could be used to indicate the state of the open ocean and that El Niño forecasts for the open ocean could be applied to coastal forecasting as well. Spectral analysis revealed that the periods of changes of seashore water temperature peaked at 80 and 120 days in the region north of 5° S. This result suggested that coastal monitoring might capture intraseasonal dynamics of equatorial Kelvin waves. The absence of clear peaks south of 5° S implied that equatorial wave energy did not penetrate far into off-equatorial regions along the Peruvian coast on intraseasonal timescales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the waste of resources has become one of the biggest problems for industries, due to the serious environmental, social and economic consequences it generates. Therefore, to ensure a production based on sustainable processes, it's essential to have a responsible management of resources, being the first step one of the most important ones, the identification. Thus, the present research work aims to develop and implement a method based on the integration of Green and Lean methodologies to systematically identify ecological waste, taking as a case study a nectar factory in Lima -- Peru. Through the implementation of tools such as Environmental Value Stream Mapping, Process Mapping or Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, it was found that the company generated a waste of 1584 litres of water and 38.5 kg of conditioned fruit every month. The identification of green waste is vital, as it is the first link in a long chain that contributes directly to improving the company's efficiency, profitability and reputation, as well as protecting the environment and promoting sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective. To determine the correlation and diagnostic agreement of body mass index (BMI) and abdominal perimeter (AP) with the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Materials and methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional, secondary data study was conducted using the anthropometric databases of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance Survey by Adult Life Stages from 18 to 59 years old, 2017-2018, which included 1084 individuals for the geographic domains of Metropolitan Lima, other urban areas, and rural regions. The prevalence of obesity was estimated according to BMI, AP and WHtR. Lin's correlation coefficient and Cohen's Kappa were used to determine the correlation and agreement between the three anthropometric measurements. Results. According to the BMI, AP, and WHtR criteria, the prevalence of obesity was 26.8%, 50.4% and 85.4%, respectively; the prevalence was higher in women and in those over 30 years of age. The correlation between BMI and AP, as well as between BMI and WHtR was poor; it was moderate between AP and WHtR, with differences between men and women. Furthermore, the agreement between BMI and AP was acceptable, whereas the agreement between BMI vs. WHtR was mild. Conclusions. The results regarding correlation and agreement are limited and suggest that they are not interchangeable measures, so it is necessary to evaluate the adequacy of using BMI alone for the diagnosis of obesity in Peru. The limited correlation and agreement was reflected in the different proportions of obesity that range from 26.8% to 85.4% when applying the three criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Peru, panettones are consumed in July and December. The main ingredient of panettones is wheat flour, which can be replaced with substitute flours to improve their nutritional, textural and sensory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical, textural and sensory characteristics of panettones produced with three preferments, namely, biga (PB), sourdough (PMM) and sponge (PE), with the substitution of red quinoa flour and amaranth compared with a commercial product (PC). A completely randomized design with four experimental treatments was used to evaluate the total carbohydrate content, ash, total energy, fat, moisture, protein, color and texture profile. In addition, sensory characteristics were evaluated by 80 consumers using the CATA method; the purchase intention and preference ranking were also investigated. The results showed better sensory characteristics of panettones produced with preferments compared with a commercial product with similar characteristics. The sponge preferment presented better sensory characteristics with a profile of sweet, spongy, vanilla odor and moist texture, along with greater acceptability, preference and purchase intention, followed closely by the biga. It was concluded that the sponge preferment presented better sensory properties, which were correlated with its texture profile as manifested by an intermediate hardness, good elasticity and cohesiveness, which translated into greater acceptability, preference and purchase intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultura Sociedad y Desarrollo is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The northeastern region of Peru is one of the centers of origin of cocoa due to the great diversity of this cultivar. The objective of this study is, therefore, to search for different genetic groups of 146 ecotypes of fine-aroma native cacao from the northeastern region of Peru, based on the morphological descriptors of pods, seeds, sensory, yield, and sampling altitude. The data were analyzed using multivariate statistics; a cluster analysis was performed with the numerical and categorical variables, followed by a principal component analysis (PCA) and the DGC (Di Rienzo, Guzmán y Casanoves) mean comparison test for the numerical data. Contingency tables and the multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) were performed for the categorical data. We differentiated 5 genetic groups; helpfully, sensory characteristics of the flowers and pod, size and weight of the seeds, and pod index were in fact crucial in separating the groups. The ecotypes of the groups labeled as "Indes" and "Bagüinos" reported the best sensory characteristics with high floral and fruity notes and with a good yield expressed in pod index (13.88 and 11.88, respectively). Furthermore, these ecotypes are found at medium and high altitudes, above 500 m a.s.l., a factor that enables them to express their sensory and yield attributes. On the contrary, the ecotypes known as "Toribianos" and "Cajas" report the highest pod indices (20.77 and 16.78, respectively), resulting in low productivity. In the future, the variability of the ecotypes found will help establish genetic improvement programs that contribute to the development of cocoa farming in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: A high frequency of primary central nervous system (CNS) sarcomas was observed in Peru. This article describes the clinical characteristics, biological characteristics, and outcome of 70 pediatric patients. Methods: Data from 70 pediatric patients with primary CNS sarcomas diagnosed between January 2005 and June 2018 were analyzed. DNA methylation profiling from 28 tumors and gene panel sequencing from 27 tumors were available. Results: The median age of the patients was 6 years (range, 2‐17.5 years), and 66 of 70 patients had supratentorial tumors. DNA methylation profiling classified 28 of 28 tumors as primary CNS sarcoma, DICER1 mutant. DICER1 mutations were found in 26 of 27 cases, TP53 mutations were found in 22 of 27 cases, and RAS‐pathway gene mutations (NF1, KRAS, and NRAS) were found in 19 of 27 tumors, all of which were somatic (germline control available in 19 cases). The estimated incidence in Peru was 0.19 cases per 100,000 children (<18 years old) per year, which is significantly higher than the estimated incidence in Germany (0.007 cases per 100,000 children [<18 years] per year; P <.001). Patients with nonmetastatic disease (n = 46) that were treated with a combination therapy had a 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) rate of 58% (95% CI, 44%‐76%) and a 2‐year overall survival rate of 71% (95% CI, 57%‐87%). PFS was the highest in patients treated with chemotherapy with ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) after upfront surgery followed by radiotherapy and ICE (2‐year PFS, 79% [59%‐100%], n = 18). Conclusions: Primary CNS sarcoma with DICER1 mutation has an aggressive clinical course. A combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy seems beneficial. An underlying cancer predisposition syndrome explaining the increased incidence in Peruvian patients has not been identified so far. Lay Summary: A high incidence of primary pediatric central nervous system sarcomas in the Peruvian population is described.Using sequencing technologies and DNA methylation profiling, it is confirmed that these tumors molecularly belong to the recently proposed entity "primary central nervous system sarcomas, DICER1 mutant."Unexpectedly, DICER1 mutations as well as all other defining tumor mutations (TP53 mutations and RAS‐pathway mutations) were not inherited in all 19 patients where analyzation was possible.These tumors have an aggressive clinical course.Multimodal combination therapy based on surgery, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide chemotherapy, and local radiotherapy leads to superior outcomes. The incidence of primary central nervous system sarcomas with DICER1 mutations is high in the Peruvian population, but it is not associated with the DICER1 cancer predisposition syndrome. Postoperative ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide chemotherapy with local radiotherapy is an effective treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Time-varying sources of upwelling waters off the coast of northern Peru are analyzed in a Lagrangian framework, tracking virtual particles backwards in time for 12 months. Particle trajectories are calculated with temperature, salinity and velocity fields from a hindcast spanning 1988–2007, obtained with an eddy-resolving (1/12 ∘) global configuration of the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) ocean model. At 30 and 100 m , where coastal upwelling rates exceed 50 mmonth-1 , particles are seeded at monthly intervals in proportion to the upwelling rate. Ensemble maps of particle concentration, age, depth, temperature, salinity and density reveal that a substantial but variable fraction of the particles upwelling off Peru arrives via the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). Particles follow the EUC core within the depth range 125–175 m , characterized by temperatures <17 ∘C , salinities in the range 34.9–35.2 and densities of σθ=25.5 –26.5. Additional inflows are via two slightly deeper branches further south from the main system, at around ≈3 and ≈8 ∘ S. Averaged across the hindcast, annual-mean percentages of particles upwelling at 30 m (100 m) associated with the EUC vary from 57.4 % (52 %) at 92 ∘ W to 19.2 % (17.9 %) at 165 ∘ W. Considerable interannual variability in these percentages reveals that more of the Peruvian upwelling can be traced back to the EUC during warm events, such as El Niño. In contrast, upwelling waters are of more local origin during cold events such as La Niña. Despite weaker EUC transport during El Niño, relative flattening of the equatorial thermocline brings the EUC upwelling waters much closer to the Peruvian coast than under neutral or La Niña conditions. Annually averaging EUC transport at specific longitudes, a notable negative-to-positive transition is evident during the major El Niño/La Niña events of 1997/99. On short timescales, a degree of longitudinal coherence is evident in EUC transport, with transport anomalies at 160 ∘ W evident at the Galápagos Islands (92 ∘ W) around 30–35 d later. It is concluded that the Peruvian upwelling system is subject to a variable EUC influence, on a wide range of timescales, most notably the interannual timescale of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Identifying this variability as a driver of shifts in population and catch data for several key species, during the study period, these new findings might inform sustainable management of commercially important fisheries off northern Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bumble bees of the genus Bombus spp. play a key role as effective pollinators in the biodiversity rich Central Andean region; however, parasites and pathogens may negatively influence their abundance and population numbers. In this study, we aimed at verifying the occurrence of these natural enemies in the Andes regions of Bolivia and Peru. Workers and males of Bombus funebris, Bombus opifex and Bombus pauloensis were collected in three localities from highlands at ~1,700 m.a.s.l. Analyses by both optical and molecular techniques revealed the presence of the Apis mellifera filamentous virus (AmFV), the microsporidium Vairimorpha ceranae, the flagellates Crithidia bombi and Lotmaria passim, and five species of mites in the genera Parasitellus Willmann, Pneumolaelaps Berlese, Proctolaelaps Berlese, Tyrophagus Oudemans, and Kuzinia Zachvatkin. Given the potential entry of the allochthonous bumble bee Bombus terrestris to the region, this information is essential to evaluate autochtonous biodiversity conservation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenotypic characterization of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) plays an important role in the generation of information for the conservation of cacao germplasm. The objective of this study is to characterize phenotypically 146 ecotypes of fine-aroma native cacao (FFNC) from northeastern Peru that were collected from 280 to 1265 metres above sea level. Morphological descriptors of fruits and seeds, sensory characteristics, and productivity descriptors were used. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics with pie charts, distribution histograms, and multiple correspondence analysis. The results showed that 76.7% of the cocoa ecotypes had green immature fruits, 73% showed slight roughness on the surface of the fruit, 54% showed an intermediate thickness of the fruit wall, and 90% had the appearance of pairs of equidistant ridges. Regarding seed characteristics, 71% showed purplish cotyledons, with a high presence of floral and fruity notes and low levels of bitterness and astringency. Likewise, 52% of the fruits and 64% of the seeds were long. More importantly, cocoa beans needed to produce between 14 and 16 pods to obtain one kilogram of dry cocoa, which reflects a good level of productivity. Finally, there was a positive relationship between elevation levels and the presence of fine-flavoured native cocoa, i.e., the greatest diversity of native cocoa with floral and fruity notes was found above 501 metres above sea level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia y Sociedad is the property of Ciencia y Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Time-varying sources of upwelling waters off the coast of northern Peruvian are analysed in a Lagrangian framework, tracking virtual particles backwards in time for 12 months. Particle trajectories are calculated with temperature, salinity and velocity fields from a hindcast spanning 1988-2007, obtained with an eddy-resolving (1/12º) global configuration of the NEMO ocean model. At 30 and 100 m, where late-December coastal upwelling rates exceed 50 m per month, particles are seeded in proportion to the upwelling rate. Ensemble maps of particle concentration, age, depth, temperature, salinity and density reveal that a substantial but variable fraction of the particles upwelling off Peru arrive via the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). Particles follow the EUC core at around 250 m, characterised by temperatures of around 15-17 ºC, salinities in the range 34.9-35.2, and densities of σ = 25.5-26.5. Additional inflows are via two slightly deeper branches further south from the main system, at around 3º S and 8º. The annual percentage of particles recruited by the EUC (17.5-47 % and 16.5-54.6 %, from 30 and 100 m respectively) reveal that more of the Peruvian upwelling can be tracked back to the EUC during El Niño and weak La Niña events. In contrast, upwelling waters are of more local origin during a strong La Niña. Annually averaging EUC transport at specific longitudes, a notable negative-to-positive transition is evident during the major El Niño/La Niña events of 1997-99. On short timescales, a degree of longitudinal coherence is evident in EUC transport, with transport anomalies at 160º W evident at the Galapagos Islands (92º W) around 30-35 days later. It is concluded that the Peruvian upwelling system is subject to a variable EUC influence, on a wide range of timescales, most notably the interannual timescale of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Identifying this variability as a driver of shifts in population and catch data for several key species, during the study period, these new findings may inform sustainable management of commercially-important fisheries off northern Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyzes the behavior of different diatomite from Peru, and their potential use for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated effluents. Seven different diatomites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area, and cation exchange capacity. The absolute removal and the removal efficiency of Cu, Pb, and Zn were assessed by stirring the diatomite in solutions of known concentration of the contaminant, and then analyzing the solutions by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AA). The results were finally correlated with microstructural, chemical, and physicochemical characteristics of the diatomites. It was found that Peruvian diatomites have potential use for decontamination of heavy metals from contaminated effluents even with their low SiO2 content. Affinity for the studied metals was as follows: Zn > Pb > Cu, with removal percentages as higher than 98% for Zn. No one-to-one relationships were found between the removal efficiency of the studied metals with properties of diatomites. Different parameters must be taken into account at the same time to understand the efficiency of metal removal in polluted waters. In this case, the specific surface area and minor oxides have the greatest effect on the removal efficiency of all metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee is an important agricultural commodity in the world. However, it is susceptible to Hemileia vastatrix (Hv), an obligatory biotrophic fungus that causes coffee leaf rust (CLR). Natural resistance to rust has been identified in the wild species Coffea canephora and Coffea liberica. These species have been used in breeding programs where interspecific resistant hybrids have been generated. The SH3 gene, derived from C. liberica, has been shown to confer extreme and long-lasting resistance to Hv. A total of 167 accessions of the INIA’s Coffee Germplasm Collection of Peru (INIA-CGC) were screened with 4 markers linked to the SH3 gene. As positive controls, EA67 (C. liberica) and the hybrid S.288 (C. arabica x C. liberica) were used. Separation of PCR products was done by capillary electrophoresis, which allow to discriminate the alleles of each marker. For three markers, specific alleles for either C. arabica or C. liberica species were found. In all cases, S.288 exhibited specific alleles for both species; whereas the INIA-CGC accessions had exclusively C. arabica alleles and EA67 had C. liberica alleles. The BA-48-21O-f marker did not produce PCR fragments for any of the positive controls, suggesting that this marker is not as predictive as the other three to determine the presence of SH3. This work reports the existence of multiple alleles for the Sat244 marker; however, the collection does not have the SH3 mediated-resistance gene. Finally, the utility of capillary electrophoresis as a tool to identify alleles linked to SH3 was demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Apuntes Universitarios: Revista de Investigación is the property of Universidad Peruana Union Filiar Tarapoto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of e-Revista Internacional de la Protección Social is the property of e-Revista Internacional de la Proteccion Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the 90's, economic and financial information systems with digital technology are available in Peru. These systems are permanently used by professionals in accounting, economics, finance, investments, and other related specialties. These tools are Reuters and Bloomberg, the latter being the one that has achieved significant technological development and international reach. Likewise, the main companies and institutions of Peru, both public and private, make use of these information systems for the processes of analysis, research, planning and decision making. In this sense, the application of Bloomberg in the teaching and learning process of the specific contents to the accounting, finance and investments courses has been used as academic innovation in the Accounting undergraduate program of Pontifical Catholic University From Peru. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to value the innovation made in order to know the opinions and collect the experiences of the students on the use of Bloomberg, and, at the same time, the recommendations as a result of the innovation made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils (AE) are used as preservatives in the food industry, due to their physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity. The aim of this research was to determine yield (R), specific gravity (GE), refractive index (IR), antioxidant activity (AA) and chemical composition of AE of huacatay (Tagetes minuta), poleo (Minthostachys mollis), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and sachaculantro (Eryngium foetidum L.), plants collected from 52 districts of the Amazon region, Peru. For each AE, fixed-effect variance analysis was used with three replications and cluster analysis. The antioxidant activity was determined with the free radical method 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydracil (DPPH) and its most abundant components were identified with headspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The differences in R, GE and IR were significant between districts. The AA showed no significant difference between the districts, but between the plants itself. Among the most abundant volatile components, 1-adamantanol (44.42%) was identified in huacatay, β-phellandrene (20.85%) in poleo, β-myrcene (34.59%) in rosemary and α-pinene (23.41%) in sachaculantro. It is concluded that the geographic location significantly affects the physicochemical properties of AE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agronómica is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Peruvian Paso Horse (CPP in Spanish) is an equine local breed in Peru. In this kind of horse, the smoothness and harmony of its movement come from the combination of the mechanisms of movement during the "paso llano" and the correct degrees of execution of the overreach with the adornments. The Peruvian Paso horse is internationally recognized for the smoothness of its gait, which is known as "the smoothest riding horse in the world". This characteristic is evaluated in breed competitions. However, at this time, there is no measure available to determine the smoothness of the gait objectively, relying solely on the perception of the judge during the evaluation. The objective of this research is to analyze the vertical acceleration of each animal (ai) during the "paso llano" gait in CPP. Sixty-five stallions and sixteen mares were measured through video recordings using a camera with a resolution of 1920 x 1080 megapixels at 30 frames/s. The animals were pulled by an operator at a "Paso llano" with an approximate speed between 2.5 and 4 m/s. The gait of the horse was recorded by filming on a tripod with a fixed position positioned horizontally at 1.3 meters height and 12 meters from the middle of the line of motion. To identify the reference point for measuring, a 4 x 4 cm tape was attached to the left side of the croup. KINOVEA software version 0.9.5 (https://www.kinovea.org/) was used to analyze the vertical acceleration every 33 ms. The digitized coordinates are passed through the Butterworth filter at a cutoff frequency computed by estimating the autocorrelation of residuals and finding the frequency yielding the residuals that are the least autocorrelated. The filtered dataset corresponding to this cutoff frequency is kept as the result. A graphical representation can be seen in Figure 1. Root-mean-square (RMS) for each horse was calculated as follows: RMS = √(Σ a2 i / n), (ai with i = 1... n). To determine normality assumptions, the Anderson-Darling test with P > 0.05 was applied. To determine if there is a difference between sexes, an ANOVA with P < 0.05 was applied. Levene's test was applied to determine the equality of variances. The descriptive statistics are presented in Table 1. The Anderson-Darling test obtained P = 0.969, therefore, the assumptions of the normal distribution are fulfilled. Levene's test obtained a P = 0.035, therefore, the assumptions of equal variance between sexes are not met. ANOVA with heterogeneity correction Welch was P = 0.891. The results show that there is no difference in vertical acceleration between males and females. The estimation of RMS allows an objective analysis of the smoothness of gait in the CPP and can be used as a selection criterion in selection for breeding plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The domestic South American camelid Vicugna pacos L. is distributed along Peru, Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina. Here, we contribute to the bioinformatics and evolutionary systematics of the Camelidae by performing high-throughput sequencing analysis on the black Huacaya breed of V. pacos from Puno, Peru. The black Huacaya breed mitogenome is 16,664 base pairs (bp) in length and contains 37 genes (GenBank accession MT044302). The mitogenome shares a high-level of gene synteny to other Camelidae (Camelops, Camelus, Lama, and Vicugna). The mitogenome of the black Huacaya breed of V. pacos situates it in a clade with V. vicugna Molina, sister to Lama. We anticipate that further mitogenome sequencing of different breeds from Vicugna pacos will improve our understanding of the evolutionary history of this taxon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientia Agropecuaria is the property of Scientia Agropecuaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mass migration from Venezuela has increased malaria resurgence risk across South America. During 2018, migrants from Venezuela constituted 96% of imported malaria cases along the Ecuador-Peru border. Plasmodium vivax predominated (96%). Autochthonous malaria cases emerged in areas previously malaria-free. Heightened malaria control and a response to this humanitarian crisis are imperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historical development of Peru's sardine (Sardinops sagax) fishery between 1978 and 2005 is described from fishery indicators (landings and effort) and environmental indicators (Pacific Decadal Oscillation [PDO] index, Southern Oscillation Index, and Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly) in order to observe the spatial and temporal variations of the fishery. During this period, the fishery indicators showed that excessive fishing pressure caused the drastic decline in abundance, as demonstrated by the low catch levels in recent years. Regarding the environmental indicators, a positive relationship with sardine landing anomalies was observed; however, the PDO index had a significant positive correlation (rPearson = 0.50; P = 0.0005; n = 45) in comparison with the other indices. The results of this study show that the effects of overfishing and adverse environmental conditions strongly impacted the Peruvian sardine population, with the consequent collapse of the fishery. Se describe el desarrollo histórico de la pesquería de la sardina Sardinops sagax en el Perú entre los años 1978 y 2005 a partir de indicadores pesqueros (desembarques y esfuerzo) e indicadores ambientales (Índice de Oscilación Decadal del Pacífico [IODP], Índice de Oscilación del Sur y Anomalías de la Temperatura Superficial del Mar) con la finalidad de observar variaciones espaciotemporales de la pesquería. Durante este periodo, los indicadores pesqueros demostraron que la excesiva presión de pesca sobre este recurso propició la drástica disminución de la abundancia, lo cual se reflejó en los bajos niveles de captura en los últimos años. Respecto a los indicadores ambientales, se observó una relación positiva con las anomalías de desembarque de sardina; el IODP presentó la mejor correlación positiva (rPearson = 0.50; P = 0.0005; n = 45) en comparación con los otros índices. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que el efecto de la intensa actividad extractiva y las condiciones ambientales adversas impactaron fuertemente en la población de sardina, con el consiguiente colapso de su pesquería. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work was conducted at the Experimental Station of Soil and Fertilizer “Escambray" land of farmers and associated rural extension. The experimental design was randomized blocks, and treatments: Rizhobium loti V-4033 (Research Institute of Pastures and Forages), mycorrhizal fungi trainers, Rhizobium + mycorrhiza fungi trainers, nitrogen and total control. Inoculation with mycorrhiza forming fungi was performed at 10 g/bag Certificate MicoFert Strain the Institute of Ecology and Systematics-3: Glomus spurcum, Topes de Collantes, 85 % colonization of rootlets, while the Rhizobium was inoculated in a dose of 50 g/kg of seed. Variant was nitrogen at 25 kg/ha of urea. The plots occupied 18 m2, with an area of 9 m2 evaluable. When the plants reached 7.5 months and an average height of 143.4 cm proceeded to make the Court of establishment and then four foliage cuts were made every 90 days. Each cut dry biomass yield, and phosphorus content was determined crude protein. The combined inoculation of Rhizobium and mycorrhiza fungi Makers increased the yield of dry biomass, and phosphorus content of crude protein. We conclude proposing the adoption of an alternative methodology using mycorrhiza formers Fungi and Rhizobium in Leucaena leucocephala as a way to increase the yield of dry biomass, decreasing mineral fertilization and contribute to environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study includes estimates of carbon sequestered by Ceroxylon peruvianum "pona", allometric equations formulation and selection of the highest correlation estimated from variables such as diameter at breast height (DBH) and stem height. In the estimation of carbon 15 pona trees were used, distributed in the middle Utcubamba river basin, ranging in an altitude range of 1500 to 2300 m.a.s.l. The direct method was used, cutting the shaft into 1 to 2 m pieces and obtaining 5 cm thick samples. These samples and those of branches and leaves were dried at 75 °C until constant weight. Soil samples were collected in the radius of each plant in 3 levels of depth for carbon sequestration analysis. The study selected the following multiple potential equation: Dry Biomass = 0.0080 * DBH 2.8449 * Stem Height 0.4620, to estimate the amount of dry biomass and carbon in Ceroxylon peruvianum, in natural and mixed forests and in production systems in the middle Utcubamba river basin. The equation had the high correlation index (r²) of 0.966. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peru reports a very high diversity of mammals; however no Peruvian department or region has an updated list of mammals to date. Therefore, we present an updated list for Ucayali, which includes 192 species, belonging to 11 orders and 35 families (comprising 38% of all Peruvian mammals). Of these, 56 are recorded in protected areas and 189 species in unprotected areas, respectively. Three endemic species for the country were found in Ucayali: Sciurus pyrrhinus, a squirrel, Neusticomys peruviensis a cricetid mouse, and Makalata rhipidura an echimyd rodent. 86 different locations had specimen records (mostly located along rivers). Two areas with scarce or lack of records were found and rated as "Information gaps": 1) northeast of Ucayali (part of the Sierra del Divisor National Reserve), and 2) eastern Ucayali, composed of the territory crossed by the Yucanya River, the Yurua River, and downstream Purus River (part of the Alto Purus National Park). These areas are recommended for biodiversity and conservation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dichotomous key is presented to differentiate the main groups of Peruvian bats, including the three species of vampire bats: Desmodus rotundus, Diphylla ecaudata and Diaemus youngi. This information is complemented with an update of the distribution of vampire bats by political departments and ecorregions of Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venezuela is a country with federal roots that launched its decentralization process in 1989 with the election of governors and mayors. Peru has a constitutional basis of unitary design that, after a failed decentralization process at the end of the 80's, returned to this path in November 2002 with the election of regional presidents. There are concurrent elements in both cases with regard to the building of political consensus in order to grant the legitimacy of the process, as well as certain differences in their orientations. This paper will study both realities in a comparative way, in order to draw some lessons about their merits and shortcomings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is easily handled in the normal host, but it will cause problems in inmunosuppressed patients, requiring antimicrobials in germicidal doses and not simply inhibitory assuring effective treatments. In our country Ciprofloxacin is a frequently used antimicrobial in this type of infections; however, studies that have evaluated the behavior of dangerous strains with regard to pertinent microbiological parameters like the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Objective: To Determine relationship between Minimal Inhibitory Concentration and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration of Ciprofloxacin against germs from UTI in hospitalized and outpatients at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN). Material and methods: One hundred and thirty two bacterial strains were isolated. Gram negative bacilli were the more common germs both in out patients and hospitalized patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the MIC by the method of macrodilution in broth and subsequently MBC was determined by the method of dilution in agar. Results: Resistance to Ciprofloxacin was 49 % and 73 % in out-patients and hospitalized patients respectively. In the study a highly significant difference was found (p< 0.0001) among MBC and MIC both in strains of hospitalized patients as in strains of out-patients. Conclusions: It is necessary to implement in the microbiology laboratories methods like to MIC and MBC, to identify characteristic of the antibacterial activity of the antimicrobials used in our country. It's important to evaluate use of fluoroquinolones, mainly Ciprofloxacin in inmunosuppressed patients restricting their administration in those cases confirmed their susceptibility in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses, from a review of the local press, the repercussions of the earthquake and subsequent tsunami of August 13, 1868 on the public opinion of the province of Tarapacá. The article describes how a series of political, social, and economic problems that existed before the earthquake resulted in the idea that behind the impact of a natural hazard there was, strictly speaking, another type of disaster that was much broader and profound, referring to the condition of structural vulnerability linked not only to the complex situation that Perú was experiencing in those years because of a deep tax and financial crisis, but also the weak presence of the State in the southernmost province of the country. This situation mainly affected the port of Iquique as a result of its accelerated and uncontrolled urban growth driven by the expansion of saltpeter mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]