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I described and ilustrated in detail Browallia carabambae y Browallia condornadae (Solanaceae), two new species from the north of Peru. Browallia carabambae S. Leiva inhabits between Puquio 1 and Cerro Negro (Huacapongo-Carabamba route), Carabamba district, Julcán province, La Libertad region, Peru (8°17'15,5" S y 78°37'03,1" W) at 1476 m of elevation. It is mainly characterized by the disposition of the flowers in raceme, its floral organs apparel, inner style, corolla purple and whitish externally and only purple internally, 20-21 mm (between the major lobe and the two lower lobes) and 16-18 mm (between the two lateral lobes) of diameter of the limbo in the anthesis, erect obconic capsule, lasiocarp, surrounded by a coverage of transparent eglandular hairs rigid at the ½ distal, 8-8,2 mm long by 3.5-3.7 mm diameter, 139-142 seeds per capsule; Browallia condornadae S. Leiva grows from Condornada falls to the surroundings of El Indio village (Huacapongo-Carabamba route), Virú district, Virú province, La Libertad region, Peru (8°17'36,6" S y 78°37'01,0" W) at 1451 m of elevation. It is characterized by the arrangement of solitary flowers by knot, its floral organs apparel, inner style, corolla purple and whitish externally and purple internally, 10-11 mm (between the major lobe and the two lower lobes) and 8-9 mm (between the two lateral lobes) of diameter of the limbo in the anthesis, erect conical capsule, lasiocarp, surrounded by a coverage of simple rigid eglandular hairs rigid at ½ distal, 7-7,2 mm long by 3-3,2 mm diameter, 173-175 seeds per capsule. I included data on its geographical distribution and ecology, phenology, current state and their relationships with another related species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe and illustrate in detail Jaltomata andagarae S. Leiva & Mione (Solanaceae), a new species from northern Peru. Jaltomata andagarae is found in Andagara Mountain, Santiago de Chuco District, province of Santiago de Chuco, region of La Libertad, Peru, at 8°18'11.7" S and 78° 23'17.4" W, 4000 m of altitude; it has (2-) 3 flowers per node, corolla crateriform, 10-lobed, creamy white with a deep purple ring in the middle height of the corolla tube internally, glabrous externally and internally, free area of the staminal filaments creamy white surrounded by a covering of simple eglandular hairs deep purple that occupies 40-50% of the basal area, style creamy white, glabrous, 32-35 seeds per berry, shrubs 50-60 cm tall, glabrous, leaves lustrous. In addition to the description, we present the corresponding illustration, discuss its relations with other related species and include data on ethnobotany, geographical distribution and ecology, phenology, current status and uses of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a new species of Phrynopus from the upper montane forests and high Andean grasslands (puna) of the Pui Pui Protected Forest and its close surroundings (Región Junín, central Peru) and compare it morphologically and genetically with other species of Phrynopus. Phrynopus inti sp. n. is known from four localities outside and two localities inside the Pui Pui Protected Forest between 3350 and 3890 m a.s.l. Studied specimens of the new species are characterized by a snout-vent length of 27.2-35.2 mm in males (n = 6), and 40.4 mm in a single female, by having the skin on dorsum and flanks smooth with scattered tubercles, venter smooth, by lacking a tympanum, and males without vocal slits and nuptial pads. In life, the dorsum is pale grayish brown with or without dark brown blotches, or dorsum blackish brown with small yellow flecks, throat, chest and venter are pale grayish brown with salmon mottling, groin is pale grayish brown with salmon colored flecks, and the iris is golden orange with fine dark brown reticulations. The new species is morphologically most similar to Phrynopus kauneorum and P. juninensis. For the latter we describe the coloration in life for a specimen obtained at the type locality. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences inferred that the new species is most closely related to Phrynopus kauneorum, P. miroslawae, P. tautzorum, and an undescribed species distributed at high elevation in Región Pasco, central Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the discovery of two sympatric new species of Enyalioides from a montane rainforest of the Río Huallaga basin in northeastern Peru. Among other characters, the first new species is distinguishable from other Enyalioides by the combination of the following characters: strongly keeled ventral scales, more than 37 longitudinal rows of dorsals in a transverse line between the dorsolateral crests at midbody, low vertebral crest on the neck with vertebrals on neck similar in size to those between hind limbs, projecting scales on body or limbs absent, 96 mm maximum SVL in both sexes, and caudals increasing in size posteriorly within each autotomic segment. The second new species differs from other species of Enyalioides in having strongly keeled ventral scales, scales posterior to the superciliaries forming a longitudinal row of strongly projecting scales across the lateral edge of the skull roof in adults of both sexes, 31 or fewer longitudinal rows of strongly keeled dorsals in a transverse line between the dorsolateral crests at midbody, vertebrals on neck more than five times the size of vertebrals between hind limbs in adult males, projecting scales on body or limbs absent, and caudals increasing in size posteriorly within each autotomic segment. We also present an updated molecular phylogenetic tree of hoplocercines including new samples of E. rudolfarndti, E. rubrigularis, both species described in this paper, as well as an updated identification key for species of Hoplocercinae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe two new species of Phrynopus from a cloud forest of the Cordillera Yanachaga, Yanachaga- Chemillén National Park in Peru and describe and document the first clutch and case of parental care for a species of Phrynopus. One of the new species of Phrynopus is described based on two females (SVL 19.1-21.0 mm) which were found in leaf litter and moss layer in a cloud forest at 2900 m elevation. This new species is most similar to Phrynopus bracki. The second new species of Phrynopus was found in the transitional formation between cloud forest and wet puna at 3000 m elevation. Its description is based on a single female (SVL 20.7 mm) that was observed guarding nine eggs under moss. This new species is most similar to Phrynopus nicoleae. The eggs had a diameter of 5.7-5.8 mm (n = 3) and froglets when hatched a SVL of 6.2-6.5 mm (n = 3). Sympatric anurans include Gastrotheca sp., Pristimantis aniptopalmatus, P. bromeliaceus, Pristimantis sp., and Rhinella yanachaga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]