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Introduction and hypothesis: Urinary incontinence (UI) is highly prevalent in the general population, with numerous studies conducted in Europe and North America. However, there is a scarcity of data regarding its prevalence and sociodemographic factors in the southern region of Peru. There is an association between sociodemographic factors—such as age, educational level, body mass index, number of pregnancies, parity, mode of delivery, weight of the newborn—along with lifestyle factors such as physical effort, coffee and tobacco consumption with pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). We anticipate that this association will negatively impact women's quality of life. Methods: This was a quantitative study, with a non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional correlational design. A sample consisting of 468 women between 30 and 64 years old. A previously tested survey was applied to explore prevalence, symptoms, associated factors, and quality of life. Results: The prevalence of PFD was 73.9%. UI was the most common. There is a significant association with overweight, obesity, parity, route of delivery, and physical effort. Even though a large percentage of participants presented with PFD, they reported that their quality of life was not affected (65.9% urinary discomfort, 96.5% colorectal–anal discomfort and 92.2% pelvic organ prolapse discomfort) and only in the case of urinary discomfort did they state that the impact was mild (28.6%) and moderate (5.5%). Conclusions: Pelvic floor dysfunction in women is very common and it is strongly associated with overweight, obesity, parity, route of delivery, and physical exertion. The impact on quality of life was mild and moderate for those who had urinary discomfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The situation of social exclusion in which older adults live in extreme poverty is a problem that leads to psychological alterations such as depression or cognitive deterioration. Our objective was to analyze the living conditions and the psychosocial sphere of older adult people living in extreme poverty in Requena del Tapiche in Peru. This was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Sixty participants between 60 and 100 years of age of both sexes were included who gave their informed consent. Sociodemographic variables were analyzed, and the Gijón, family Apgar, Yesavage, and Pfeiffer scales were used. The sample was composed of 55% women and 45% men, with a mean age of 79.2 years (SD 6.67). More than half live alone or with their spouse. Fifty-seven percent sleep on the floor or on wood, and about 82% do not have safe water. Family dysfunction is found in 40%, and 98% are at social risk or with an established social problem and a precarious economic situation. More than 60% suffer from depressive symptoms, which are more frequent in women. We conclude that older adults perceive deficient family support, observing a deteriorated social situation. Most of them are at risk of social exclusion and loneliness, making them more vulnerable. They show sadness, with a high rate of depression. People with more cognitive impairment live alone, and those in social exclusion suffer a higher degree of depression. More cooperative projects and health promotion interventions developed in the peripheral neighborhoods of Requena del Tapiche are needed to improve the impact on the health of older adult people in extreme poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to interpret self-perpection of leadership practices in directors in senior management positions in Local Educational Management Units (UGEL) in the department of Puno (Peru), located in culturally diverse Aymara, Quechua, and Spanish territorial networks. This qualitative, hermeneutic research employs in-depth interviews, and MaxQda-assisted content analysis considered five categories of leadership practices. The results reveal that senior management projects an image of individual leadership mediated by political power, with mostly disconnected practices and decisions, and centered on hierarchical patterns of organizational management far removed from the local context and the demands and challenges imposed by the complexity of today's world. Consequently, organizational structures in education need from a perspective redesigning e of sustainable leadership practices in models of shared, distributed, systemic, and intercultural action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Globally 1 in 7 people experience some type of disability. In Latin America, as in other regions, there are programs focused on the protection of sexual and reproductive rights of this population group. However, to date, in Peru there are no programs, protocols or guidelines that include a specialist (sexologist or trained health professional) in the health system to improve the quality of life and well-being of this population. Therefore, the objective of this article is to qualitatively analyze the experience of sexuality in people with acquired motor disabilities. Methods: We used the interpretative phenomenological approach and the semi-structured in-depth interview composed of 60 questions, which was applied to 7 people (4 women and 3 men) with acquired motor disabilities. Results: Diversity in the experience of sexuality was observed. While some experience it without fear, others have annulled their sexual encounters, because in addition to physical limitations, they experience psychosocial limitations such as pain, functional alterations, depression, low self-esteem, discrimination, exclusion, stigmas and socio-environmental barriers, among others. Likewise, the study reflected the double discrimination suffered by women (for being a woman and having a disability), as well as the lack of education, counseling or sex therapy by specialized professionals, and the influence of religion, society and culture as factors that condition and limit their sexuality. This reflects the current situation in Peru and other countries in the region, where the sexuality of people with disabilities continues to be a complex and ambiguous issue. Conclusions: It is concluded that for some participants it is possible to experience sexuality without fear, while others hold back their experiences for reasons other than physical, self-esteem, social discrimination, among others. The review of the profile and level of specialization of the health services professionals involved in the integral medical care of people with disabilities and their couples is required because of their need for adequate and specialized attention for their better adaptation to the new condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The European–Latin American Consortium towards Eradication of Preventable Gallbladder Cancer, EULAT Eradicate GBC, is collecting high-quality data and samples in four Latin American countries with high gallbladder cancer incidence (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru) to build a unique biorepository integrated into a tailored IT platform, to identify, validate, and functionally characterize new risk biomarkers, and to develop prediction models that integrate epidemiological and genetic–molecular risk factors. We decided to develop an application for electronic data collection to facilitate the retrieval of sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle, dietary, and sample-related information from 15,000 Latin American study participants. The application EULAT eCollect will facilitate the work of study nurses, reduce time spent by participants, limit the use of paper and ink, minimize costs and errors associated with filling out written forms and subsequent digitisation, and support the monitoring of local recruitment rates and data quality. We describe in this article the design and implementation of the EULAT eCollect application, which started with the specification of functional and non-functional requirements, and ended with the implementation and validation of four separate application modules: Socio-Demographic Interview, Sample Information, Case Report Form, and Food-Frequency Questionnaire. We present both general and technical results, and our experience with the free and open-source software, Open Data Kit (ODK), which may be of interest for future related research projects, especially those on personalised cancer prevention carried out in low- and middle-income regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Internacional de Educación para la Justicia Social is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Peru experienced the oil rush due to the discovery of reserves, but since the Camisea project was found in the Cuzco region, oil has been in decline, Peru is rated to low competitiveness rates below countries such as Ecuador and Colombia. The hydrocarbons sector accounted for 54% of the total energy tender in 2012. The oil and gas industry has advanced technologically. Today, the technological challenges are focused on taking advantage of unconventional resources having a strong focus on process safety, environmental management, and fuel quality. In a new era of high volatility in the oil and gas price, technology is crucial to maximize the value; among them, the Modernization Project of the Talara Refinery and its process are announced. Peru is perfecting technologies to take advantage of gas and oil that is difficult to access, so that its role in the Peruvian economy is fundamental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal History of Latin American Education / Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana is the property of Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most consumed food crop in the world, whose production in Peru is diminished due to phytosanitary problems and high costs of chemical fertilizers. In the present work, 32 actinomycetes isolated from the rhizosphere of organic native potato crops collected in the town of Cabana, Lucanas, Ayacucho, were characterized phenotypically and evaluated for their in vitro antagonistic capacity against Oomycete phytopathogen Phytophthora infestans. The characterization tests showed that 97% of the actinomycetes were able to assimilate glucose, sucrose, and mannitol; as well as producing extracellular enzymes like amylases (100%) and cellulases (50%). Furthermore, the growth in laboratory culture was better in the range of pH 5.5-8.5 and temperature 28-30 °C. From the tests of antagonism in oat agar (71.9%) and rye agar (31.2%), three strains were selected according to the native potato variety were selected as CAB10-J2 (Ccompis), CAB9-CA4 (Cuchipa-akan) and CAB5- F5 (Futis) with pathogen inhibition rates of 80.05, 77.47 and 37.5% respectively. The strains were identified by molecular tests as members of the genus Streptomyces and owners of polyketide synthase (PKS) genes. It is concluded that the rhizospheric actinomycetes of potato are producers of bioactive compounds capable of remarkably inhibiting the pathogen Phytophthora infestans, being able to be considered candidates in biological control programs of the "potato blight". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic pollution is an alarming environmental problem affecting diverse species worldwide. Scavenging birds are currently exposed to plastic due to contamination of their food sources. Here, we evaluated the ingestion of plastic by a threatened top scavenger, the Andean condor (Vultur gryphus), and the potential origin of the plastic. We analyzed the biotic (organic items from the diet) and abiotic (synthetic material) composition of regurgitated pellets in two remote areas of Peru associated with protected areas: a marine-coastal region and an Andean region. Condors consume mainly Pinnipeds and South American camelids in the marine-coastal region, and camelids and livestock in the Andean region. We found different sizes and varieties of plastic debris, with a very high frequency of occurrence (85–100%) of microplastics in pellets of both areas studied. The occurrence of microplastics differed between sites; although very high in general, the rate of occurrence and density were higher in the marine-coastal region. We also confirmed that carcasses consumed by condors in both study areas were contaminated with plastic. Therefore, plastic in Andean condors is most probably acquired through the food web in both the marine and terrestrial environments. Andean condors from Peru are highly contaminated with plastic, which may affect their health, population dynamics, and conservation. Moreover, as condors are apex scavengers, our results highlight the fact that plastic pollution in remote areas of Peru is present at different levels of the food web and in the environment. Urgent Action should be taken to reduce environmental contamination with this hazardous pollutant. [Display omitted] • We evaluated plastic in Andean condor pellets from a marine and Andean region of Peru. • We found diverse sizes and types of plastic in pellets from both areas. • We found a very high occurrence (85–100%) of microplastics in both areas. • Condors acquired plastic through the food web from marine and terrestrial mammals. • Condors indicate high levels of plastic pollution in those regions and environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Twenty-one autosomal STR loci were genotyped in Peruvian population. • Macro region peruvian population STR allele frequency data. • Population data for mestizo peruvian population. • Genetic diversity in South American populations including Peruvian population. In this population study 1541 samples in total were collected and analyzed. The samples were collected from five jurisdictions: North macro region (n = 272), Central macro region (n = 404), South macro region (n = 272), East macro region (n = 197), and the Lima macro region (n = 396). The samples were analyzed using the Investigator 24 plex GO and Investigator 24 plex QS kits which enable typing of 21 autosomal STR loci and an amelogenin marker for sex determination. The combined power of discrimination and the combined probability of exclusion for the total population were 0.9999999999 and 0.99999978, respectively. These population geographic subgroupings are similar, supporting that the combined Peruvian data or individual subgroupings could be used for generating statistics in forensic casework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo habla de José Carlos Mariátegui y el proceso de la literatura en el Perú. Su obra, "Siete ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana," publicado en 1928, es uno de las publicaciones latinoamericanas más importantes del siglo. Uno de las más importantes partes dela colección es que ha logrado concientizar la realidad nacional.

Blood Pressure (BP) is one of the most used measured clinical parameters in health promotion and intervention. BP measures can vary due to different parameters, so we aim to study the intrasession test–retest reliability for an oscillometric method using a digital tensiometer in the Peruvian population aged over 15 with and without a diagnosis of hypertension (HT). Data were taken from the Demographic and Family Health Survey conducted in Peru in 2019. Technicians had to follow a standardized protocol on the conditions to carry out a valid and reliable measurement. Relative reliability was excellent in most cases (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.9); absolute reliability was excellent (standard error of measurement < 5%) and smallest real difference < 10% in most cases. The Bland–Altman plot showed a systematic error of 2.36 for systolic BP in men and 2.16 in women, and 0.823 for diastolic BP in men and 0.71 for diastolic BP in women. Results suggest that the oscillometric method with a digital blood pressure monitor was reliable in absolute and relative terms in this population, so it could be used as a reliable control test to measure changes after an intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the process of identifying around 15,000 missing persons by the armed violence in Peru (1980–2000), the major problem is the high probability of random matches in especial of Andean Ayacucho population which represents the largest number of missing persons. To that end, in a first analysis, we analyzed the relationships and genetic structure in 880 individuals from 20 regions of Peru (including Ayacucho) with IDENTIFILER Kit and in a second analysis; we studied 203 individuals of Ayacucho using the ARGUS-X and ESSPLEX_SE Kit with the aim to confirm the intrapopulation structure found in the first analysis. In the first analysis using the delta–mu parameter, clearly shows three genetic groups at the national level (North, Central and South) with a low variability among groups but significative with AMOVA (0.47%** (P <0.01)). In the tree, Ayacucho population is located in the south group and interestingly showed a significative FIS (0.10** (P <0.01)). The second analysis confirm this FIS but lowest (FIS=0.06) and this FIS could be explained by the evidence of a recent bottleneck found under the IAM, SMM and TPM models (P <0.01). On the other hand, the X-STR show low probability of random match than in Autosomic STR which may be related to content of admixture among native and foreign populations (30% foreign content in Peruvian population). The results in this study are consistent with the demographic history (processes of migration, immigration, inbreeding), which contribute to the increase of IBDs and may be related to the random match DNA identification. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Chewing coca leaves or drinking coca tea is a legal practice in the Andean world (Bolivia, Perú, and Argentina), and this practice seems to be growing in urban populations in Argentina. The differentiation between people who chew coca leaf or drink coca tea from people who consume cocaine (illicit abuse) is therefore very important in countries where these practices are legal. Both illicit cocaine and chewing coca leaves/drinking coca tea will give positive results when assessing cocaine and their metabolites in urine, oral fluid and hair. Recently, several legal disputes have happened to claim about cocaine positive results in urine are due to consumption coca leaves and not due to illegal use of cocaine. The forensic laboratory is obliged to keep biological samples for a certain period of time in order to reanalyze the samples if it is required by the attorney. The storage periods to which the samples can be subjected in forensic cases are variable and may take weeks, month and even years. Thus, the knowledge of the stability of the coca alkaloids is important in the Judicial process. In this work, we evaluated the probability to detect some coca leaves alkaloids with a special focus in hygrine, cuscohygrine, and cinnamoylcocaine, all of them were proposed as markers for consuming of coca leaves. Unlabelled Image • The conservation of the urine samples is very important for detecting some alkaloids from coca leaf. • LCMSMS has better performance than the GCMS for detecting coca alkaloids in urine samples with a long period of storage. • Hygrine and cuscohygrine two markers of coca chewers. • Hygrine and cuscohygrine seem to have a high probability of being detected in urine samples with several years of storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new myxozoan species belonging to the genus Henneguya was isolated from the serous membrane of the visceral cavity of the hognosed catfish Brochis multiradiatus from Peruvian Amazon. Whitish plasmodia, macroscopically visible, were found in four of the thirty examined fishes. Mature myxospores were ellipsoidal in shape in frontal view and had a total length of 44.5 ± 0.6 μm (43.9–45.1), spore body measured 18.7 ± 0.9 μm (16.8–19.6) in length, 7.1 ± 0.2 μm (6.6–7.4) in width and 5.5 ± 0.3 μm (4.9–5.6) in thickness. The two polar capsules were elongated and equal in size, measuring 9.1 ± 0.1 μm (8.8–9.4) in length and 1.7 ± 0.1 μm (1.6–1.8) in width, occupying half of the myxospore body. Polar tubules coiled in 10–11 turns perpendicular to the long axis of the polar capsule. The caudal appendage was not bifurcated and measured 25.8 ± 0.6 μm (24.7–26.5) in length. The sequencing of the 18S rDNA gene resulted in 1400 bp and this sequence did not match any of the myxozoans available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis placed the new species in a well-supported subclade of Henneguya spp. infecting callichthyid fishes, with Henneguya loretoensis being the closest species. This study is the first description of a myxozoan species, Henneguya multiradiatus n. sp. from a fish of the genus Brochis. Image 1 • A new myxozoan is described infecting an economic important Amazonian ornamental fish, Brochis multiradiatus. • Morphological and molecular data is provided. • Phylogenetic position of the new species is determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arsenic (As) exposure from surface and groundwater in Peru is being recognised as a potential threat but there are limited studies on As in the food-chain and none on As in Peruvian rice. In this study, we have determined the As content in rice cultivated in the Tumbes river basin located in the northern province of Peru, an area known for extensive rice cultivation. We collected rice and soil samples from agricultural fields, soil was collected using grid sampling technique while rice was collected from the heaps of harvested crop placed across the fields. The average total As concentration in rice was 167.94 ± 71 μg kg−1 (n = 29; range 68.39–345.31 μg kg−1). While the rice As levels were not highly elevated, the As content of few samples (n = 7) greater than 200 μg kg−1 could contribute negatively to human health upon chronic exposure. Average concentration of As in soil was 8.63 ± 7.8 mg kg−1 (n = 30) and soil to grain transfer factor was 0.025 ± 0.018 for 12 matched samples. Compared to our previous pilot study in 2006 (samples collected from the same agricultural fields but not from exact locations) there was a 41% decrease in As soil concentration in this study. Rice samples collected in 2006 (n = 5) had a mean concentration of 420 ± 109 μg kg−1. Our data provides a baseline of rice grain As concentrations in Peruvian province of Tumbes and warrants further studies on factors affecting uptake of As by the rice varieties cultivated in Peru and any potential human health risks. Image 1 • First study reporting arsenic concentrations in rice cultivated in Peru. • Rice production in Peru is on the rise. • Puyango-Tumbes river has elevated concentrations of arsenic and other heavy metals. • Further assessment of arsenic in rice cultivated in Tumbes river basin is of significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]