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The scope of digital technology integration in university teaching has changed our understanding of teacher readiness and teacher competence. Recently, faced with the digitalisation of higher education (HE), the construct of teacher digital competence (TDC) has emerged. Although there are many recent systematic reviews on digital competence from a range of perspectives and geographic settings, such reviews often show a limited view of a larger digital competence landscape in HE. The current study on TDC development in HE aims to synthesise knowledge to provide an integrated and global assessment of existing evidence. We carried out a systematic overview, especially suited for identifying, synthesising and critically appraising published reviews on a given topic amidst an abundance of research. We identified three clear settings by synthesising 740 studies across 13 systematic reviews. Results reveal a significant interest in TDC in Spain, conducted by researchers in the field of educational technology concerned with teacher training and teacher professional development. We make recommendations to reorient the field by understanding TDC development through an integrated, transversal and holistic perspective; moving away from basic forms of research; and conducting and reporting research in line with methodological guidelines to ensure the highest possible standards.

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Rocoto (Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav.) is a native plant of Peru, used in the national gastronomy with great nutritional value; it has pharmaceutical and medicinal properties. The crop is susceptible to diseases caused by phytopathogens, which are spread by seeds of infected cultivars or seedlings. Through the use of biotechnological tools such as in vitro plant tissue culture, it is possible to obtain plants free of pathogens, of good quality and great agronomic potential. Therefore, the present work aimed to develop a methodology for the in vitro induction of callus from hot pepper leaves. In vitro germinated rocoto seedlings were used, from which the first true leaves were selected, which were sectioned into 1 cm explants and placed in different MS culture media added with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The induction response to calllogenesis was evaluated in five treatments with different concentrations of 2,4-D (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg l-1), under conditions of 25 °C in the dark for 35 days. The culture media added with 0.75 and 1 mg l-1 of 2.4-D allowed to obtain 100% induction of calluses in the hot pepper leaves with 81% and 86%, respectively of grade 3 callus formation. This study, pioneer for the species, is good for the potential use of breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pelagic squids of continental shelf ecosystems mostly include oceanic and migratory species of the family Ommastrephidae and neritic species of the family Loliginidae. These two families have contrasting life history strategies; ommastrephids spawn in the open ocean and are thought to have a high dispersal potential, while loliginids spawn on the bottom and are likely to have a low dispersal potential. Consequently, these squid species should display different patterns in their population dynamics, which can be inferred through commercial catches. To study the population dynamics of the Ommastrephidae and the Loliginidae families, monthly time series catches of Dosidicus gigas and Doryteuthis gahi were used. These artisanal fishery catches were made in northern Peru from 1999 to 2010. They were standardized to construct autocorrelation functions so that the relationship between catch dynamics and short-term environmental change (thermal anomalies of sea surface temperature were used as a proxy) could be studied. The results revealed that increases in catches of D. gigas and D. gahi are not related to thermal anomalies, but rather a pattern of drastic fluctuations in D. gahi catch sizes are seen. In, both species, temporal relationships indicate that the annual growth rate and changes in abundance can modelled as a function of the catch density observed in previous years. We propose that these population differences result from the contrasting life history strategies and differential habitat use of these two squid species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the habitat and resource use of Dosidicus gigas in the Northern Humboldt Current System, we analysed carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of 234 individuals collected during 2008-2010. Large variations in mantle stable isotope ratios were recorded, with values ranging from −19.1 to −15.1 ‰ (δC) and from 7.4 to 20.5 ‰ (δN). Most of the variation was explained by latitude, followed by distance to shelf break for carbon and by squid size for nitrogen. Latitudinal variations with increasing values from north to south were also found in zooplankton samples and were related to changes in isotope baseline values probably due to oxygen minimum zones that occur off Peru. This similar latitudinal trend in both zooplankton and D. gigas samples reveals that D. gigas is a relatively resident species at the scale of its isotopic turnover rate (i.e. a few weeks), even if this is not necessarily the case at the scale of its life. A small but significant size effect on δC values suggests that jumbo squid perform offshore-onshore ontogenic migration, with juveniles distributed offshore. For nitrogen, the high inter-individual variability observed with mantle length indicates that D. gigas can prey on a high variety of resources at any stage of their life cycle. This large-scale study off the coast of Peru provides further evidence that D. gigas have the capability to explore a wide range of habitats and resources at any stage of their life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Dosidicus gigas' diversity and demographic history in the Humboldt Current System (HCS). Located along Peru and Chile, HCS is one of the most productive marine ecosystems and it is in this ecosystem that marine resources first exhibited changes as a reaction to different time scales like the El Niño Southern Oscillation cycles. The authors observed the 657 bp fragment of the mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene of 169 Dosidicus gigas in their study and measured and compared genetic diversity. They disclosed that the dramatic population increase of D. gigas is due to the oceanographic changes seen in the HCS.

The article presents a study which discusses the reproductive biology of jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas in relation to the environmental variability of industrial fisheries in the Peruvian Humboldt Current System (HCS). It mentions that Dosidicus gigas is considered described as a monocyclic ommastrephid squid and a significant component of the ecosystem in the Easter Pacific Ocean. It affirms that the researchers identified several features of the squid's adjustments to reproduction changes which include temporal decoupling of male and female, changing sex ratios and variable size-at-maturity.

Abstract: Changes in population structure of the jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas in Peruvian waters were studied based on size-at-maturity from 1989 to 2004. From 1989 to 1999, mature squid belonging to the medium-sized group prevailed, but from 2001 on, mature squids were larger. This change is not related to the changes in sea surface temperature and we hypothesized that it was caused by the population increase of mesopelagic fishes as prey. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In order to determine differences in growth of the Peruvian scallop Argopecten purpuratus from different areas, two comparative experiments in suspended systems, such as pearl-nets and lantern nets, were carried out. The first one, was performed with seeds obtained from the hatchery at IMARPE, and wild seeds collected at Independence Bay, Pisco; the second one, was done with wild seeds from Samanco Bay and Lagunillas, Pisco. The study was carried out in Playa "El Carbón", Pucusana. For both experiments growth rates, K and L∞, parameters, growth rate (Φ) and condition factor, were estimated. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and a t-test to compare the regression curves of the length-weight relationship were applied. The results showed differences in growth rates and condition factor, among the studied groups. In all cases the growth rates are comparable with values estimated by other authors. It is argued that differences estimated are due to a genetic variability among populations from different seed sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]