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As an initial attempt to preserve springs, research on tree vegetation's characterization around the spring in Malang region was carried out. This study aimed to analyze tree vegetation structure in springs and compare the character of tree vegetation between springs in Malang with different altitudes. The vegetation analysis was used to characterize the vegetation type of trees in each springs area. The plot method used to take samples was divided into four stations in one spring area, and each research station is divided into three plot points so that there are 12 plots in one research location. The analysis of tree vegetation structures in respective springs in the lowlands and highlands of Malang has an average "medium" Diversity Index Value. The tree species based on INP in the lowlands were dominated by Meliaceae, while Lauraceae and Araucariaceae dominated the highlands' tree species. The tree family with characteristics and occurs most frequently in springs areas is the Moraceae of the Genus Ficus. The total family recorded in this study were 22 families consisting of 62 tree species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic nanomaterials have attracted significant attention as effective and potential adsorbents. We synthesized the Fe3O4/MnO2/HA nanocomposite as an adsorbent for strontium adsorption. The nanocomposite was synthesized by the coprecipitation method. Humic acid (HA) is used to coat nanocomposites were obtained from the compost of TPST Supit Urang Malang City, East Java, Indonesia. HA, Fe3O4 nanoparticle, and Fe3O4/MnO2/HA nanocomposites characterized by XRD, FT-IR, VSM, SEM-EDX, and BET methods. The Fe3O4/MnO2/HA has been successfully synthesized. Coating Fe3O4 nanoparticles with MnO2/HA caused the composite size to be smaller when compared to Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The ideal situation for the adsorption of Sr2+ by the nanocomposites was 0.4 g mass of adsorbent, pH 10, and contact time of 24 hours. The pseudo-second-order model is suitable for the adsorption of Sr2+ by the nanocomposite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Streptococcus agalactiae is a gram-positive bacterium which has pili protein on its cell surface. It can cause pathogenic infections in the reproductive tract of women and newborns, resulting in premature births, meningitis, and pneumonia. Streptococcus agalactiae samples obtained from patients treated at Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Streptococcus agalactiae were cultured using biphasic brain heart infusion (BHI). The subjects were divided into 4 samples namely, the first pili cut sample, the second pili cut sample, the third pili cut sample and the whole Streptococcus agalactiae cells sample. Each group was tested for hemagglutination and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The analysis test result was seen based on the agglutination and the dominant color of the protein band using the EZ Gel-Biorad Gel Documentation System tool. The hemagglutination test showed that the second cut of Streptococcus agalactiae pili had the highest positive hemagglutination test at dilution of titer 64 (1/64). The SDS-PAGE electrophoresis test showed that the dominant bands were in the second pili cut sample at 35 and 53 kDa molecular weights. The pili Streptococcus agalactiae has high hemagglutination activity and dominant molecular weight, which can be used as vaccine candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesian government has committed to increase exploration of wasters potential. Microalgae is an excellent water organism which high potential converted to biodiesel. Moreover, microalgae have a better photosynthetic ability than ordinary plants. Thus, microalgae can take part in preventing global warming by reducing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Recent research has successfully isolated several microalgae isolates from water area in East Java. However, they had not been characterized yet. Therefore, the aim of this research was to characterize two of those isolates in terms of potential as a feedstock of biodiesel production. The results showed that based on phenotype analysis, it could be concluded that Kelp I and Kelp IV were Prochloron sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. Prochloron sp. grew up optimally within 16-18 days, while Chlamydomonas sp. had an optimum growth at 13-18 days. The lipid yield of dried microalgae is 31.85% and 46.86% for Prochloron sp. and Chlamydomonas sp., respectively. Fatty acids composition in both Prochloron sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. were dominated by palmitic acid, which is very good for biodiesel synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control of Aedes aegypti larvae using chemical insecticides has a negative impact such as environmental pollution and targeted insect resistance. Alternatively, a botanical larvicide can be used. Carica pubescens plants function as insecticides. The purpose of this study is to determine the mortality and effective concentration of C. pubescens leaf and petiole extracts against 3rd instar A. aegypti larvae. C. pubescens leaves were taken from Cangar-Batu, East Java, Indonesia. Leaf and petiole samples of C. pubescens was made from dried simplicia. Extraction was done by the maceration method with methanol as a solvent. Extract concentrations in experiments were 0, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm and repeated six times. Larval death was observed every 24 hours for three days. The results show that the leaf and petiole extracts of C. pubescens cause mortality of 3rd-instar A. aegypti larvae. The higher the extract concentration, the higher the mortality of A. aegypti larvae. The effective concentration of papaya leaf extract (LC50) is 579.095 ppm, and the petiole extract of C.pubescens is 400.332 ppm. Based on the results of the study, the leaves and petiole extract of C. pubescens can be used as a botanical larvicide against 3rd-instar A. aegypti larvae and have the same activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunbathing activity could convert pro-vitamin D into vitamin D to maintain pancreas for controlling blood glucose. This study aimed to determine the effect of sunbathing therapy in the morning to reduce blood glucose levels in men and women aged over 40 years. This study recruited 30 respondents who were over 40 years old using simple random sampling in Kutisari Village, Surabaya city, East Java Province, Indonesia. Respondents were divided into two groups: control group without sunbathing therapy and treatment group with sunbathing therapy in the morning for 10 minutes throughout seven days. Capillary blood glucose levels were taken using Point of Care Testing on 1st day before therapy began and on 7th day after therapy finished. The analysis unveiled that on treatment group was able to decrease blood glucose levels from 241.93 ± 132.84 to 173.13 ± 86.91 mg dL-1 with a significance p-value = 0.001. Meanwhile, on control group was able to increase from 209.47 ± 118.89 to 249.27 ± 152.10 mg dL-1 with p-value = 0.098. Therefore, sunbathing therapy in the morning for 10 minutes significantly reduces blood glucose levels effectively on respondents aged over 40 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquatic ecosystems have biotic and abiotic components that can be essential resources in development. One of these components is the minerals in the water, such as salt (NaCl). Salt is a valuable commodity that is extensively used for consumption and industrial purposes. This commodity is widely produced in various regions in Indonesia. One of the main factors that determine the success of salt production is the salt location suitability. Therefore, the innovation of technology to evaluate the suitability of salt production is fundamentally essential. This study analyzes the suitability of the salt production sites in Tuban Regency (i.e., Palang District and Tambakboyo District) as one of East Java's main salt production areas using the Salt Suitability Index (SSI) method. The method evaluates the suitability of salt production sites by analyzing nine environmental parameters (rainfall, soil type, soil permeability, exposure time, humidity, wind speed, air temperature, evaporation rate and a saturation level of raw material water). This study shows that the SSI value of salt production site in Palang District and Tambakboyo District is 97% and 94%, respectively. These results suggest that the salt production sites in Tuban Regency are very suitable for salt production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passiflora has beneficial value as a medicine plant. However, with its many morphological variations, it is difficult to identify and classify them. Therefore, observation of its morphological characteristic and the phenetic relationships between Passiflora species is essential. This study aims to determine the morphological variations of the genus of Passiflora in Probolinggo and their phenetic relationship based on morphological characteristics of generative organs. This explorative-descriptive study was conducted using the cruise methods in the Probolinggo area on 0-500 m asl. Identification of the morphological feature was conducted to the species level using the Backer dan Bakhuizen van der Brink identification key in their book entitled Flora of Java. Morphological characters of generative organs were selected, then the similarity index was calculated using the association coefficients. The results were analyzed using cluster analysis, then illustrated in the form of the dendrogram. This study shows that in the Probolinggo area, seven species of Passiflora are found, including Passiflora ligularis, Passiflora foetida L., Passiflora quadrangularis L., Passiflora edulis Sims, Passiflora caerulea-racemosa Sabine., Passiflora coccinea L., and Passiflora vitifolia H.B.K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesian frizzle chicken is one of the poultry species that have unique morphology. Morphological uniqueness in the form of curves from the ventral to the dorsal direction. In Java island, this chicken is believed to ward off negative power, rejecting magic. Frizzle Chicken is much more in demand among the others because of its uniqueness. This chicken also has a stronger body endurance. It is proven that frizzle chicken homozygotes have cells that can mediate the immune response in significant numbers to produce higher antibodies when the surrounding temperature is also high. It is related to the F gene expression that causes changes in the direction of hair growth increasing heat release. In Chinese Frizzle Chicken (Kirin), KRT75L4 gene mutation occurs. The purpose of this study was to explore whether Indonesian frizzle chicken has a similar mutation. Blood samples was used to isolate DNA from four Indonesian frizzle chicken originating from several regions in East Java. This treatment was made triplet, then PCR was traced and visualized through electrophoresis. It is predicted that Indonesian frizzle chicken is heterozygous and has a mutation in the KRT75L4 gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was designed to determine the environmental condition based on Odonata diversity found around the springs in Malang, East Java. The research was carried out around the springs, which focused on the species, the number of individuals of Odonata, habitat, and physical condition of the environment. Visual observation was used by the VES method, then counting the number of species and number of individuals within a radius of 200 m from the springs as a focal point of observation. Data collection was done at 4 springs, including Kendedes, Jenon, Taman, and Cangar. The results showed that there were 17 species of Odonata from 7 different families, with a total number of individuals found from 4 Springs as many as 245 individuals. The most common type was Agriocnemis femina and Orthetrum sabina. The analysis also portrayed a moderate Odonata diversity index and that there was a correlation between the physical condition of the environment and the species of Odonata found in a habitat. This condition can be used to describe the structure of the Odonata community in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]