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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the composition of kidney stones removed from human patients. Seventeen samples were collected after surgery (5 females and 12 males; age range 2 to 60 years). The samples were analyzed for composition by transmission Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The 17 analyzed samples of kidney stones comprised 29.4% calcium oxalate, 29.4% uric acid, 29.4% calcium oxalate (CaOx)-uric acid, 5.9% phosphate, and 5.9% calcium oxalate-phosphate stones. The results of the study indicated that transmission FT-IR spectroscopy could be used as an environmentally friendly technique for rapid screening of kidney stones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims & Objectives: Geographical variation in the rates of kidney stones has been observed for many years. Pakistan is situated in stone belt. Calculus diseases is endemic in Pakistan, perhaps the incidence in Pakistan is highest in the world. Purpose: To evaluate etiology and biochemical risk factors (inorganic phosphate) in the Peshawar. Subjects & Methods: Study was conducted at LHR and Hayatabad Hospitals of Peshawar for the period of nine months. Two hundred patients and same number of controls were selected. Results: The mean value of mean inorganic phosphate in non stone formers were less than that of stone formers. The mean of urinary inorganic phosphate excretion in stone formers was greater than that of non-stone formers. Conclusions: We conclude that inorganic phosphate is an independent risk factor for renal stone formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

K. pneumoniae termed as classical K. pneumoniae (cKP) and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP) have significant role in pathogenicity of complicated UTI (cUTI). hvKP has not been ever reported from Pakistan. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hvKP among kidney stone patients and their association with cUTI. Total 121 urine samples were collected from two tertiary care hospitals (Poly Clinic and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences hospital, Islamabad). From 43.5% (53) kidney stone patients, 61 isolates of K. pneumoniae (cKP 43, hvKP 18) were confirmed through standard microbiological and biochemical characterization methods. K. pneumoniae prevalence in kidney stone patients with cUTI was 67.6% (48) (hvKP 25%, cKP 75%). All K. pneumoniae isolates were strong biofilm formers. Age was important in development of cUTI in patients of age group 31–50 years in which biofilm formation and bactericidal activity of K. pneumoniae was significant with P = 0.017 and P = 0.05 respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested and 20 (33%) isolates showed Multi-drug resistance (MDR). hvKP isolated from cUTI, showed comparatively enhanced virulence attributes with multidrug resistance, suggesting their role in development of cUTI in kidney stone patients, hence there is need for whenever prescribing antimicrobial therapy in these patients, hvKP should also be focused. • High prevalence of K. pneumoniae and hvKP among kidney stone patients. • Prevalence of K. pneumoniae is associated with cUTI. • hvKP isolated from cUTI, showed comparatively enhanced virulence attributes with multidrug resistance. • Co existence of biofilm former K. pneumoniae with different antibiotic resistance is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]