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Workplace violence (WPV) is a global problem that affects healthcare workers' physical and mental health and impairs work performance. Pakistan's healthcare system is not immune to WPV, which the World Health Organization recognises as an occupational hazard. The primary objective of this systematic review is to determine the prevalence of physical, verbal, or other forms of WPV in healthcare workers in Pakistan. Secondary objectives include identifying the associated risk factors and perpetrators of WPV. A systematic review of six electronic databases was conducted through August 2022. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: 1) healthcare workers (HCWs), including physicians, nurses, and paramedic staff working in the private or public sector of Pakistan; 2) exposure to physical, verbal, or any type of violence. Data were extracted and analysed for the prevalence of WPV, types of violence, associated risk factors, and perpetrators of violence. Twenty-four studies including 16,070 HCWs were included in this review. Verbal violence was the most common form of violence levied, with its highest prevalence (100%) reported in Islamabad and lowest verbal violence prevalence (25%) in Karachi. Verbal abuse was preponderant against female HCWs, while physical abuse was directed more towards males. The most common perpetrators were patient attendants, followed by the patients. Our review determines a 25–100% prevalence of WPV against HCWs in Pakistani medical setups. This occupational hazard needs the attention of relevant authorities in the country to put protective enforcement policies in place. Large-scale surveys should be conducted to better gauge the current plight of HCWs in the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to explore verbal abusing in school and its devastating impact on child's psychology. This issue of verbal abusing is very common all over the world. It is a wrong concept to believe that this type of abusing brings less harm to child psychology and its consequences will not be disastrous. Verbal abuse has been identified as a common element in the life of children in school. The school is a place where children can come and learn in a safe and protected environment. Schools are generally seen as mechanisms develop and reinforce positive citizens with pro-social attitudes and as institutions where individuals are prepared for the role they are to play in society at large. As children used to spend approximately half of their hours at school and it serve as the second most important socializing mechanism after the home. But now school becomes a place where high level of verbal abuse takes place which not only effect the child academic achievement but also have psychological effect. Teachers are employed in schools to perform specific roles that will support students' crave for academic excellence. Disappointedly studies have shown that emotional abuse existed in schools and perpetrators included teachers. The impact of psychological abuse in schools is destructive. Regrettably, some teachers had no knowledge of it or considered it as part of their job to abuse children or unaware of its impact on their behaviours. Actually verbal abusing is an offensive language in which threats shouting, yelling and screaming, critical comments with harsh one and passing nasty remarks. It comes into the category of physically, mentally emotionally torture that has longlasting repercussions. The child has their own laws made by different NGOs, law making agencies, local bodies, which nobody could cross but in Pakistan the scenario is not very encouraging. Verbal abusing becomes a hot topic especially for psychiatrists. In Pakistan, verbal abuse is visible and rampant. There are many complaints from children experiencing harsh language from parents and teachers in school. The impact of psychological abuse in schools is destructive. Now-a-days it becomes a big issue and a societal problem. The children suffering from verbal abusing usually becomes victims having anxiety, depression, anger, dissociation, drug above, suicide and even victims can face psychology and brain damage. Children in Pakistan are subjected to physical, mental and sexual abuse. However, no attention has been diverted towards verbal abuse of child. It is the time when we should look into this problem by conducting studies, gathering data and devising preventative strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]