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This study investigates the relationship between supervisory behavior, conflict management strategies, and sustainable employee performance and inquires the mediating effect of conflict management strategies. Data were collected from the SMEs of the manufacturing industry of Pakistan. The significance of the model was assessed using the PLS-SEM (structural equation modeling). The findings of the study revealed a positive and significant relationship between supervisory behavior and sustainable employee behavior. Similarly, conflict management strategies had a positive effect on the relationship between supervisory behavior and sustainable employee behavior. This study adds in the current literature of supervisory behavior as a critical predictor of sustainable employee performance in two ways. Firstly, this study validates Conflict management strategies as an influential mediator between the relationship of supervisory behavior and sustainable employee performance. Secondly, this study provides substantial practical implications for managers at SMEs to enhance sustainable employee performance through supervisory behavior, stimulated by conflict management strategies. This study is based on cross-sectional data; more longitudinal studies can further strengthen the generalizability of relationships between the constructs. The study adds in the current literature of PLS-SEM as an assessment model for direct and mediation relationships., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Objective: To compare the obstetric outcome of teenage pregnancies with that of non teenage pregnancies., Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted in three tertiary care hospitals of Sindh, Pakistan from September 2008 to November 2008. The data regarding obstetric outcome of all teenagers (13-19 years) delivering in the three hospitals was compared with that of selected non teenage women (20 to 35 years) taken as controls. Chi-square and students' t-test were applied with 0.05 as level of significance., Results: Teenage mothers were more likely to suffer from severe anaemia (8% versus 4.3%; p = 0.03) and chorioamnionitis (2.8% vs 0.8%, p = 0.01) and their infants were more likely to suffer from post maturity (4.6% vs 1.8%, P = 0.02) and meconium aspiration syndrome (6.5% vs 2.4%, p < 0.01) compared to non-teenage mothers. On the other hand they were less likely to be overweight than the non-teenagers. Teenagers had instrumental deliveries more often than non-teenagers (7.1% vs 2.2%, p < 0.01). The risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight infant, respiratory distress syndrome, foetal and perinatal death was not significantly different in the two groups., Conclusion: Teenage mothers are at a higher risk of developing severe anaemia and chorioamnionitis. They are more likely to have an instrumental delivery than non-teenagers. Post maturity and meconium aspiration syndrome are the neonatal complications seen in infants born to teenage mothers.