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This study addresses a critical gap in the theory by exploring the impact of Environmentally Specific Servant Leadership (ESSL) on Employees' Voluntary Green Behavior (EVGB) within the dynamic framework of Pakistan's tourism industry. It also advances understanding by investigating the pivotal mediating roles of Psychological Green Climate (PGC) and Green Commitment (GC) in the relationship between ESSL and EVGB. Drawing upon the principles of Self‐Determination Theory (SDT) and Social Identity theory (SIT) we designed the research framework and collected data from employees working in various firms in Pakistan's tourism sector. We employed a multistage (phase I‐convenience; phase II purposive) sampling technique to gather data from 492 employees representing various small and medium‐sized Hotels, Restaurants, and Catering firms within the hospitality and tourism sector. The collected data underwent validation and analysis using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in SPSS AMOS and was further examined through the Andrew Hayes Process Macro model 4. The findings reveal a significant role of ESSL in fostering EVGB. Furthermore, our findings highlighted the significant mediating roles of PGC and GC in the relationship between ESSL‐EVGB. These findings underscore the potential effectiveness of promoting environmental sustainability as a means to encourage environmentally responsible behavior among individuals working in the tourism sector. The implications of our findings are particularly noteworthy for the tourism and hospitality sector. Companies in such industry can leverage ESSL as a valuable tool for inspiring green behavior in their staff, emphasizing both environmental responsibility and service to others as key drivers of environmentally friendly actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the role of passive project leadership in project success. The article deduces a theoretical model implying that passive project manager leadership behavior affects the success of information technology projects, directly and indirectly, via employees' creativity. Self-regulation is proposed as a mitigating factor to minimize the destructive effects of passive leadership on creativity. The current study is based on a quantitative research design. A time lag design was used to collect data from 347 respondents working on information technology projects in Pakistan. SmartPLS was used for data analysis. The findings demonstrated that although passive leadership appears in flat organizations, it can have a negative impact on project success via creativity. Additionally, if the person is self-regulatory, it will not alter the results. The study added to the project management body of knowledge by confirming that a strong leadership role, instead of a passive one, is essential to boosting the creativity of project personnel. A passive leader remains inactive during situations where a strong leader is needed; however, self-regulation on the part of employees proved insufficient to propel a project toward success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetralogy of Fallot is one of the frequently encountered cyanotic heart diseases. We describe how we handled anesthesia for a pregnant woman with uncorrected Tetralogy of Fallot during a cesarean section. Less than 10% of patients with Congenital Heart Disease survive for more than 10 years. Among the survivors, very few of them reach adulthood in countries like Pakistan with no previous surgical interventions. The occurrence of such case is quite rare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to focus on Pakistan's fertilizer industry and investigate the causal relationships among environmental consciousness (ECO), green creativity (GCR), green mindfulness (GMD), and energy efficiency (EE), which are all essential mechanisms as well as circumstances that control the situation in well-developed manners. This study consists of a sample regarding four hundred and four (404) employees from seven companies by using partial least squares (PLS) and structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. The results indicate that environmental consciousness significantly and positively affects employee energy efficiency directly and indirectly in the presence of green creativity as a mediator. Moreover, the moderating effect of green mindfulness persisted only in the association between energy efficiency and green creativity. In the appropriate literature, this empirical investigation is the first of its kind which does not only provide an organized way to examine the effects of environmental consciousness on energy efficiency but also recommend the most effective means for employees and associations to embrace the best policies. This study has important policy implications for promoting clean production, clean environment, and sustainable development for developed and developing economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green innovations are being deployed in manufacturing industries to promote organisational sustainability by embracing sustainable development practices (SDPs). However, little is known about how corporate green innovation (CGI) is influenced by the knowledge management process (KMP). To fill this gap, we have developed a multidimensional framework based on the resource‐based view (RBV) theory that provides a foundation for sculpturing the process by which KMP was observed to capture and sustain CGI through SDPs. Data were collected from 393 respondents of large‐ and medium‐sized manufacturing corporations in Pakistan and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (SEM) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). This study provides several key findings. First, KMP dimensions (acquisition, dissemination and application) significantly improve the SDPs' dimensions (environment, economic and social). Second, SDP dimensions play a significant role in achieving CGI. Third, the implementation of SDPs partially mediates the relationship between the KMP and CGI. Furthermore, the fsQCA results signify the robustness of all integrated constructs. Our results demonstrate that investing in and adopting the latest technologies and sustainable practices are not only valuable for long‐term success but the soft concerns such as managing organisational knowledge are also vital in the current knowledge‐based economy. Finally, in light of our findings, theoretical and managerial implications, with propositions for future studies, have been provided at the end of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To derive an equation for accurate estimation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the Pakistani population. METHODS: A modified equation was derived on the dataset (n = 59,148) from the Pakistani population, comprising directly measured LDL-C (dLDL-C) and other lipids using a regression model. The equation was validated on an internal (n = 29,633) and external dataset (n = 385,434), and the results were compared with the standard equations being used in the Pakistani population: Friedewald and Teerakanchana equation. The concordance between the dLDL-C and calculated LDL-C (cLDL-C) was determined by median difference (MD) and the agreement between dLDL-C and cLDL-C was analyzed by Bland Altman graphics. RESULTS: The modified equation (M.Eq) displayed best correlation (r = 0.974) and MD of-0.07 mmol/L on the derivation dataset. Similarly, the equation provided the best correlation and least MD on the internal (r = 0.970, MD = - 0.13) and external validation datasets (r = 0.953, MD =-0.02). The Bland-Altman plot for the modified equation displayed the least bias in the derivation (-0.0012 mmol/L), internal validation (-0.13 mmol/L), and external validation (-0.02 mmol/L). CONCLUSION: The modified equation can be utilized for clinical settings in Pakistan that do not facilitate direct measurements of LDL-C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Salivary gland tumours constitute 3-10% of all head and neck tumours. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is reported to be commonest benign neoplasm of salivary glands in Pakistan constituting 80-90% of all benign salivary gland tumours while mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) constitute 44% and 31% of all malignant salivary gland neoplasms. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of these salivary gland tumours with respect to age, gender and site involved in the local population of Lahore. Method: This descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology/Oral pathology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 182 cases, reported at King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Sheikh Zaid Hospital, Fatima Jinnah medical University/Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore, were included. The clinical data was retrieved from records of respective hospitals (from January 2012 to September 2015). Results: Age, gender & site distribution, most frequently encountered in the current study, were 3rd - 5th decades of life, female predominance (1.3:1) and parotid gland (51.6%) involvement respectively. The mean age for PA, AdCC and MEC was 35.61 ± 15.69 years, 32.96 ± 14.88 years and 44.06 ± 13.87 years respectively. Regarding gender distribution, female predilection (1.5:1) inPA, male predisposition in AdCC (1:1.1) and equal gender distribution (1:1) in MEC was noted. Parotid gland was the predominant site affected by PA (57.3%) and MEC (70.8%) while minor salivary glands (87%) were affected byAdCC. Also noted in the current study was the fact that adenoid cystic carcinoma (18.7%) is slightly more common than mucoepidermoid carcinoma (13.2%) in this population. Conclusion: It is concluded from the current study that salivary gland tumorsin the study population affect a younger age group with slight female predilection. The main gland affected by PA and MEC is parotid while minor salivary glands (mainly mostly palate)are involved by AdCC. Also, it can be concluded that AdCC is slightly more common than MEC in local population of Lahore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study tested hypotheses that: (1) levels of adiposity, as assessed by triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses (SFTs), and blood pressure would be higher in British Pakistani children than in white British children; and (2) British Pakistani children of mothers born in the UK would have smaller SFTs and lower blood pressure than children of mothers born in Pakistan. Methods: Participants aged 7 to 11 years were recruited from five primary schools in a deprived urban area. BMI, waist circumference, triceps and subscapular SFT, and blood pressure were measured. Results: Participants comprised 209 white British and 132 British Pakistani children, including 79 children born in the UK to migrant mothers and 49 children born to British-born mothers. In comparisons by ethnic group, triceps SFT was significantly higher in British Pakistani children only after controlling for BMI. Subscapular SFT was higher in British Pakistani children, a finding strengthened after controlling for BMI. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in British Pakistani children, but not after controlling for socioeconomic status (SES). There were no significant differences between British Pakistani children born to migrant or British-born mothers, except that systolic blood pressure was lower in children of British-born mothers after controlling for SES, a finding that was not significant after controlling for BMI. Conclusions: This study confirms previous findings of larger SFTs and higher blood pressure in British children of Pakistani origin than in children of white European origin. Further work with larger sample sizes is needed to investigate differences between generations. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Job satisfaction is a measure to gauge the performance of an individual at the work place. There are different methods to measure the satisfaction level. One of them is the collection of response on extrinsic or intrinsic factors or both from doctor through questionnaires. However, this study focus only on measuring the effect of extrinsic factors on the level of job satisfaction and performance, The present study was planned to judge the job satisfaction level of Khyber Pakhtoonkhawah province of Pakistan. Total of 113 doctors from public and private hospitals of Peshawar were questioned. The questionnaire included questions on the areas such as; pay, work load, leadership, communication, work place cooperation, promotion policy and native station, burden of job, interference and overall satisfaction from the job. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: It is well recognized that optimization of urinary tract prior to renal transplant has improved the graft outcome. Recurrent UTI and high pressure in bladder are well known to be detrimental to graft survival/outcome. Methods: At Shifa International Hospital Islamabad, Pakistan 12 Paediatric Transplants were done between August 2002 and February 2008, with median follow up of 56 months. Age ranged between 6 - 16 years and weight between 13-50kg. Six were male and 6 were female. The causes of ESRD included 1 case of stone disease, 5 cases of neurogenic bladder/vesicoureteric reflux with recurrent urinary tract infections, 1 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 1 chronic Glomerulonephritis, 1 posterior urethral valve and 3 unknown. Five cases underwent pre transplant Nephrectomy among them three underwent nephroureterctomy and Augmentation cystoplasty with mitrofanoff. All patients were induced with single dose Anti Thymocytic Globulim (ATG) (9mg /kg) except one with simulect, who had reaction with ATG, Cellcept and Solumedrol. Neoral was started when the serum creatinine became less then 50%. Eleven patients underwent transplantation via intraperitoneal approach, renal vessels were anastomosed to aorta and inferior vena cava, while one transplant was done extraperitoneally with anastomosis with external iliac vessels. All ureteric reimplantations were done by standard lich gregoir technique. Results: To date patient survival and graft survival is 100%. One patient had delayed graft function that resolved without the need of dialysis. Mean creatinine level was 1.6mg/dl.rate. Acute rejection rate was 33.3%(4), 3 were salvaged by ATG and one by solumederol. Two patients had urinary tract infections. One patient had acute pancreatitis and one patient had mitrofanoff failure, which had to be redone using appendix. Conclusions: Pre Renal Transplant surgery for correction of upper and lower urinary tract abnormalities is a safe and effective option to improve graft outcome and survival in pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]