1. Preliminary evaluation for cancer chemopreventive and cytotoxic potential of naturally growing ethnobotanically selected plants of Pakistan.
- Author
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Ihsan-ul-Haq, Mirza B, Kondratyuk TP, Park EJ, Burns BE, Marler LE, and Pezzuto JM
- Subjects
- Animals, Anticarcinogenic Agents chemistry, Anticarcinogenic Agents isolation & purification, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic isolation & purification, Cell Line, Transformed, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, Ethnobotany, Euphorbia chemistry, Humans, Macrophage Activation drug effects, Macrophages immunology, Macrophages metabolism, Mice, Neoplasms immunology, Neoplasms metabolism, Pakistan, Plant Components, Aerial chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts isolation & purification, Withania chemistry, Anticarcinogenic Agents pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Drug Discovery, Macrophages drug effects, Neoplasms drug therapy, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plants, Medicinal chemistry
- Abstract
Context: Natural products are a very productive source of leads for the development of medicines. Six Pakistani plants were chosen for study based on ethnobotanical data., Objective: Exploration of important medicinal plants of Pakistan for cancer treatment., Materials and Methods: The crude extracts of the six plants and their fractions were tested for inhibition of nuclear factor κB (NFκB), aromatase, and nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, induction of quinone reductase 1 (QR1), agonism of retinoid X receptor, and growth inhibition with MCF-7, LU-1 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells., Results: Two samples of Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal (Solanaceae) demonstrated inhibition of TNF-α induced activity of NFκB with IC₅₀ values of 2.6 and 4.3 µg/mL, respectively. Two fractions from W. coagulans and Euphorbia wallichii Hook F. (Euphorbiaceae) aerial parts inhibited aromatase with IC₅₀ values of 17.0 and 17.7 µg/mL, respectively. A total of 13 samples (five from E. wallichii, one from Acer oblongifolium Hort. ex Dippel (Aceraceae), one from Aster thomsonii C. B. Clarke (Asteraceae) and six from W. coagulans aerial parts with fruits) inhibited NO production with IC₅₀ values ranging from 1.3 to 15.6 µg/mL. Fourteen samples demonstrated induction of QR1 with CD ranging from 1.0 to 20.6 µg/mL, and a total of eight extracts and fractions inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells in culture with IC₅₀ values ranging from 1.2 to 7.8 µg/mL., Discussion and Conclusion: Selected plants can be a valuable source of chemopreventive and anticancer products. W. coagulans aerial parts showed the strongest activity.
- Published
- 2013
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