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This essay considers changes and controversies in the waterfront development in Hamilton, Ontario, since the 1960s. It discusses the controversy that led to the creation of the Lax Lands/Bayfront Park as a key turning point in what one observer in the early 1970s called the battle to unchain Hamilton Bay from a post-World War II trajectory of industrial and commercial development. It notes that the controversy parallels wider developments in the history of North American waterfronts and environmental activism.

Focuses on constructing environmental inequality on an industrial in Hamilton, Ontario. Major industrial port city, both private and public decision-making on the creation of environmental inequalities for the city's residents; Implication of environmental costs and benefits of urban and industrial growth; Interaction between the planning impulse on the development of Hamilton's waterfront.

WORKING-CLASS HAMILTONIANS responded to s local housing crisis by creating a boathouse community along the shoreline of Burlington Bay and Dundas Marsh. Leasing or simply squatting the land, they enjoyed access to good fishing and hunting, a clean place to live, and seclusion from the gaze of best police. The notorious reputation of a nearby hotel, the presence of transients in the area, and rough elements of working-class recreation, however, made the community a prime target for urban reformers. They saw it as an unsightly problem, standing in the way of their plans to create an aesthetically-pleasing, moral, and orderly city. The "war on the squatters" shows the ways in which urban planners, conservationists, and moral reformers sought to reshape the human and natural environment of the bay, often at the expense of working people. Residents who had enjoyed resource and recreational advantages of living on the margins of Hamilton society paid the price politically when reformers contested their use of the area's natural resources. Although they won limited sympathy, they did not have the economic, legal, or political resources to fight those who saw their community as an aesthetic and moral blot on Hamilton's waterfront. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the findings on the development of amateur lacrosse in the small southwestern Ontario towns of Ingersoll and Woodstock between 1871 and 1891. Formulation of a broader Canadian culture; Impact of the lacrosse; Contents of reformers' efforts to define legitimate activities for others.