197 results on '"P. Johnson"'
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2. 'It's Not Therapy, but It Feels Right': A Duoethnography on Trauma and Healing in the Student Affairs Profession
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Pasha Sergeev, Ahjah Johnson, and Erik Sorensen
- Abstract
In this duoethnography, the co-authors share their experiences and reactions to trauma as student affairs practitioners in the wake of a car and knife attack at Ohio State University. Our goal in sharing these stories is for readers to join us as collegiate educators in this journey of exploring trauma and the healing process. We want to continue normalizing conversations about trauma, acknowledge the differences in trauma healing due to existing systems of oppression, and encourage readers to consider how we can better support trauma survivors in higher education. We offer considerations for practice moving forward and hope that others can find support and affirmation through the conversations in this study.
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- 2024
- Full Text
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3. Military Transcript and Experience Review: A 13-State Scan of Policies. Policy Report
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Midwestern Higher Education Compact, National Center for Higher Education Management Systems (NCHEMS), Johnson, Gina, and Appel, Sara
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The National Center for Higher Education Management Systems (NCHEMS) and MHEC were awarded a competitive grant from the American Institutes for Research in 2019 as part of its National Research Collaborative on Postsecondary Competency-based Education and Learning (cberesearch.org). The grant objective was to specifically identify state policies related to the review of military transcripts and experience for military-connected students entering or reentering postsecondary education and explore how these policies are generally interpreted by the state higher education agency involved with implementation. The intent of the report is to provide a resource for those considering or amending a state policy as well as providing a repository that demonstrates policy variances.
- Published
- 2020
4. The Rural RISE (Rural Initiatives Supporting Excellence): University-Rural K-12 Collaboration Programs for College and Career Readiness for Rural Students
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Ohlson, Matthew A., Shope, Shane C., and Johnson, Jerry D.
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Faculty from two universities in Florida and Ohio designed, developed, and implemented programs to work with youth from their respective service regions to support college and career readiness initiatives. Both programs were directed by university faculty and utilized university resources to support K-12 students' career development skills. In this paper, we examine the programs' designs, implementations, and results; we include feedback from students, school personnel, and local stakeholders. Attentive to results and the relevant literature, we hope to ignite a long-term discussion on how universities can create effective outreach programs that help support student transitions from high school to college, or directly into a career.
- Published
- 2020
5. Eng 7980: Learning Transfer in History and Theories of Composition
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Shepherd, Ryan P., Johnson, David T., Fletcher, Sue, Mauck, Courtney A., and Barber, Christopher J.
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ENG 7980: History and Theories of Composition (HTC) is a course required for all MA and PhD students in rhetoric and composition at Ohio University. This section of HTC was designed with two specific goals in mind. The first was to introduce students to multiple theories of composition, and the second was to not only teach but also to facilitate learning transfer. Ultimately, students would each create their own "theory" of composition. Class content was designed to connect to contexts outside of the immediate classroom setting--specifically to students' other classes, research projects, and teaching. Class assignments were designed to draw outside content into the class as well as to push class content into teaching and research. This course design has been co-written by the instructor of HTC (Ryan) and four graduate students who took the class in fall 2017 (David, Sue, Courtney, and Chris). This article presents an extension of class content. David, Sue, Courtney, and Chris helped Ryan to reflect on the curriculum and update it based on what they learned about learning transfer.
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- 2020
6. A Preliminary Psychometric Analysis of a Measure of Information Technology Literacy Skills
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Lombardi, Allison R., Izzo, Margo V., Rifenbark, Graham G., Murray, Alexa, Buck, Andrew, and Johnson, Victor
- Abstract
Information technology (IT) literacy skills are increasingly important for all adolescents to learn, as the majority of post-school pursuits will require at least some amount of computer skills. For adolescents with disabilities, this urgency is perhaps more pronounced, as this subpopulation typically experiences more dismal post-school outcomes than their peers without disabilities. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the "Envision Information Technology Literacy" (EITL) scale based on pretest and posttest responses of students with and without disabilities (N = 150). Findings show promising validity and reliability of the EITL scale. Implications for practice are discussed with regard to uses in high school career courses and as an age-appropriate transition assessment.
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- 2017
- Full Text
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7. Equity and Adequacy in Ohio School Funding
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Johnson, Justin L. and Vesely, Randall S.
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This article explores state school funding in Ohio and examines the concepts of equity and adequacy. This is accomplished not by conducting an empirical study but through a thorough review of the current environment of school funding in the state. For Ohio, the concepts of equity and adequacy are especially pertinent when considering that Ohio's funding methods for public education have been found unconstitutional more than once. Recent trends in policy as well as current research are used in determining if Ohio is funding education at necessary levels to provide an adequate and equitable education for all students. Because current education reforms provide a more relevant context for equity and adequacy concerns to policy makers, a review of these reforms, their implications, and how the state ensures that education funding is both equitable and adequate is addressed.
- Published
- 2017
8. Spring 2015 Digital Devices Comparability Research Study
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Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC), Steedle, Jeffrey, McBride, Malena, Johnson, Marc, and Keng, Leslie
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The first operational administration of the Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC) took place during the 2014-2015 school year. In addition to the traditional paper-and-pencil format, the assessments were available for administration on a variety of electronic devices, including desktop computers, laptop computers, and tablets. This report describes a study of the comparability of PARCC assessments administered on tablets and non-tablet devices, such as notebook and desktop computers. The goal of this study was to investigate whether assessment tasks were of similar difficulty on tablets and non-tablet devices, whether the psychometric properties of test scores were similar when comparing testing on tablets and non-tablet devices, and whether overall test performance was similar for students testing on tablets and non-tablet devices. This study examined performance on eight PARCC assessments: grade 5 mathematics, grade 7 mathematics, Algebra 1, Geometry, Algebra 2, grade 3 English language arts/literacy (ELA/L), grade 7 ELA/L, and grade 9 ELA/L. Any student who took one of the study forms on a tablet or non-tablet device in spring 2015 was eligible for inclusion in this study. Students were matched on demographic variables to create samples that would be comparable, thereby providing an unbiased comparison of performance on tablet and non-tablet devices. Overall, this study revealed consistent evidence of comparability between testing on tablets and non-tablet devices.
- Published
- 2016
9. Evaluation of a Tier-One Universal Classroom-Based Preventative Intervention Training Program Implemented in an Ohio Middle School
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Hollie Stegeman Johnson
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The purpose of this study was to apply two of Kirkpatrick's Four Levels of Training Evaluation to evaluate the implementation of PAX Good Behavior Game training in a challenged Ohio middle school. The study explored teacher "reactions" to and perceived "learning" from the training as it relates to the middle school's goals, and recommended "changes" to make the training more middle school focused. Data were collected via survey and semi-structured interviews of the trainees. Findings suggest a majority of the trainees perceived the training as useful to the goal of building relationships, but not the goals of creating student incentives, implementing the PBIS Framework or decreasing chronic absenteeism. A majority of trainees perceived the training was not "relevant" in their particular role but was "effective" in preparing them to implement the PAX GBG to address specific identified gaps affecting the school's report card, with varying perceptions on specific kernels. Qualitative data from open-ended questions and five participant interviews suggest trainees wanted more concrete examples and modifications to make it more middle school focused. Findings are consistent with Kirkpatrick and Kirkpatrick's (2016) recommendations to include participants in the planning phase to ensure "usefulness," to tie training to specific roles to ensure "relevance" for all participants, and to collect formative feedback to ensure the "effectiveness" of the training. Limitations of this study are discussed, as well as recommendations for future research to determine if results can be generalized, and extend evaluation of the PAX GBG training beyond reactions and subjective learning, to assess objective learning, behavior change and results. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2020
10. Assessing Water Literacy at a Primarily Undergraduate University in Ohio
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Johnson, Delaney R. and Courter, Jason R.
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As the impacts of water quality on human health become better understood, universities have an opportunity to equip students to become more informed and responsible citizens. We define "water literacy" as possessing the scientific knowledge to understand the links between water availability and usage, and being equipped to constructively discuss water-related issues that affect society. Water literacy has been positively correlated with education level and water-related experiences in adults, but less is known about water literacy in college students. We surveyed 224 students about water literacy at Malone University, a primarily undergraduate institution in Ohio with regard to gender, student year, residency status, and hometown. Of survey respondents, 62% first considered whether water was safe before drinking it, 44% primarily drank bottled water on campus, and more females (45%) than males (22%) took additional measures to filter campus tap water. Most (54%) reported seeking water-related information online and only 27% were able to identify key threats to water quality in Ohio. Of the 38% of respondents who were able to identify the source of their hometown drinking water, most were from rural areas and drank well water. Our results indicate a low degree of water literacy among students, which has been reported elsewhere in Ohio and nationally. Our survey approach could be useful for universities seeking to identify knowledge gaps before implementing new curricula.
- Published
- 2020
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11. Using a Learning Progression Framework to Assess and Evaluate Student Growth
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National Center for the Improvement of Educational Assessment, Inc. (NCIEA), University of Colorado at Boulder, Center for Assessment Design Research and Evaluation (CADRE), Briggs, Derek C., Diaz-Bilello, Elena, Peck, Fr, Alzen, Jessica, Chattergoon, Rajendra, and Johnson, Raymond
- Abstract
This report describes the use of a Learning Progression Framework (LPF) to support the Student Learning Objectives (SLO) process. The report highlights a few common threats we currently see in the SLO process implemented at various states and districts, and offers the LPF as a possible solution for addressing these threats. This report was inspired by our work piloting the LPF approach over the last two years with a small group of teachers and curriculum coordinators in the Denver Public Schools.
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- 2015
12. An Investigation of Ethical Leadership Perspectives among Ohio School District Superintendents
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Fowler, Denver J. and Johnson, Jerry
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the ethical leadership perspectives of Ohio public school superintendents. Secondly, this study examined to what extent ethical leadership perspectives of Ohio public school superintendents vary according to school district characteristics. Furthermore, the study examined to what extent do ethical leadership perspectives of Ohio public school superintendents vary according to leader demographics. A survey was used to collect data of both superintendent demographics and school district characteristics. Included in this survey were an Ethical Leadership Scale (ELS) and Social Desirability Scale (SDS). The ELS was used to measure ethical leadership perspectives of the superintendents. The SDS was used to measure social desirability of the superintendents. The survey was sent to 606 public school district superintendents in the State of Ohio of which 231 responded. Additionally, this study included an ancillary study in which the researcher conducted interviews with 15 superintendents from across the State of Ohio. The goal of these small group and individual interviews was to gain further information regarding ethical leadership perspectives and social desirability of superintendents in the State of Ohio, and furthermore, to identify district characteristics and leader demographics associated with ethical leadership perspectives. Included in these interviews, the researcher administered the ELS and SDS instruments to each participant.
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- 2014
13. Divided We Fail: Why It's Time for a Broader, More Inclusive Conversation on the Future of Higher Education. A Final Report on the 2013 National Issues Forums
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Kettering Foundation, Public Agenda, and Johnson, Jean
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At state and institutional levels, leaders are discussing and enacting policy changes that could shape the future of higher education for decades-especially public higher education. But when citizens talk about the mission of higher education today, their conversations are different from those of policymakers. How do their values and concerns intersect with the arguments and ideas leaders are putting forward? What are their hopes for-and concerns about-higher education? What do they value? What changes do they need to think about and deliberate? This report to the Kettering Foundation, prepared by Public Agenda, describes the thinking of college students, parents, professors, employers, retirees, and others who gathered in more than 115 public forums, titled "Shaping Our Future," around the country in 2012-2013 to deliberate on the future of higher education. Using a short issue guide, they considered three alternative options for higher education: Emphasizing science and technology education to help the economy; Offering students a rich, broad education and emphasizing principles such as responsibility, integrity, and working together; Expanding opportunity by helping more students attend college and graduate. The aspirations, observations, and sometimes-conflicted feelings voiced by forum participants are summarized in this report, along with some further questions that arose: What does it mean to be well educated? What does it mean to be prepared for a world of work that changes continually? How do we make higher education affordable-for governments and for students? What do we mean by "equal opportunity" in higher education? The country needs and could benefit from more public deliberation on the future of higher education, bringing leaders together with students, faculty, and citizens in the broader community to engage these questions. [This report was written with Christopher DiStasi. The National Issues Forums Institute, The American Commonwealth Partnership, and The Democracy Commitment were collaborating institutions in the production of this report.]
- Published
- 2014
14. Supporting Individual and Community Identity Development in Infant-Toddler Classrooms
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Johnson, Anneliese W. and Peterson, Samantha
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How do very young children develop a sense of identity and belonging culturally, and how can this sense be supported by early care and education teachers and programs? This article examines literature associated with identity and belonging in early childhood and how those who work closely with children and families can incorporate best practices into daily routines and procedures. The authors share several practices from the A. Sophie Rogers School for Early Learning at The Ohio State University, a high-quality program serving children and families who are economically and culturally diverse.
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- 2019
15. A Study of Diversity Policy Creation at Springfield Community College
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Johnson, Kim A.
- Abstract
In Ohio, three movements have made diversity management and advancement crucial to the success of two-year colleges: increasingly diverse student bodies, the recent emphasis of outcome-based accountability, and the evolution of funding sources that led to the creation of performance-based funding formulae. The history of ideologies of diversity parallels the emergence of performance-based funding, with sociopolitical forces and internal pressures shining a light on the success of traditionally underrepresented students. One method of supporting the success of these students is the creation of diversity policy that supports and creates opportunities for students and college employees. Diversity statements and policies reflect colleges' attitude and intentions concerning diversity and inclusion and can have a measurable effect on members of the college community. In this case study of diversity policy creation at Springfield Community College, data collected from observation, document analysis, and interviews illuminated four themes: intent, culture versus policy, evolution and uncertainty. These four themes reflect not only how diversity policy is created at SCC but also how its employees perceive diversity. This document explores how culture shapes diversity policy and how policy and culture contribute to diversity advancement. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2019
16. The Institutional Costs of Student Attrition. Research Paper
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American Institutes for Research and Johnson, Nate
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Previous research on attrition has focused on the economic consequences of low graduation rates in terms of costs to students and families (from tuition and fees that do not culminate in a credential), lost time, and income and tax losses from low educational attainment in the workforce. However, no systematic attention has been given to another critical aspect of the cost of attrition, which is the cost to institutions (and to their financial supporters) from the "lost" credits that do not lead to degrees or certificates. Attrition clearly adds to the expense of producing college degrees, thus reducing it is crucial to enhancing productivity and increasing educational attainment. How big is this lost investment, and what do these "unfinished degrees" from student attrition look like? Just as completed degrees come in different shapes and sizes, unfinished degrees vary widely from student to student, although there has not been a common language to talk about them nor a method to analyze their costs. The development of a simple definition of attrition, as well as a methodology that can be used with existing data to assign costs to it, is the focus of this effort. Guided by advice from a group of postsecondary education policy and data experts, this work sets forth the following: (1) A clear definition of attrition that can be used by institutions and policymakers to develop benchmarks and measure performance; (2) A methodology for assigning institutional production costs to attrition, both for national data sets and for states that wish to pursue a similar analysis; (3) Identification of benchmarks that can serve as the basis for setting goals and measuring performance in reducing attrition; (4) Suggestions of ways to use data on attrition and its costs to inform state-and system-level policy choices and budgets, including performance funding; and (5) Dissemination of the project's findings to leaders and decision makers around the country. "Beginning Postsecondary/Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Analysis: Definitions and Methodology" is appended. (Contains 7 tables, 2 figures, and 4 footnotes. A static illustration (a spreadsheet) accompanies this report.)
- Published
- 2012
17. Screening for Learning Disabilities in Adult Basic Education Students
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Reynolds, Sharon L., Johnson, Jerry D., and Salzman, James A.
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The extant literature offers little to describe the processes for screening students in adult basic education (ABE) programs for potential learning disabilities, referring adult students for diagnostic assessment, or barriers to obtaining diagnostic assessment for a learning disability. Without current documentation of a learning disability, ABE students are excluded from obtaining accommodations on the GED, in the workplace, and in postsecondary education, thereby limiting opportunities for meaningful participation in these pursuits. Attentive to those two concerns, this article presents results of a study investigating learning disability screening practices in Ohio ABE programs over a four-year period. Results document that screenings have increased, particularly following the implementation of statewide policies and professional development. While the rate of screenings increased, the overall number of students who were referred and then received a diagnostic assessment has remained low. Program administrators identified assessment costs as a significant barrier to obtaining diagnostic assessment. Additional research is needed to identify and describe specific barriers to diagnostic assessment. (Contains 5 tables and 4 footnotes.)
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- 2012
18. A New D.A.R.E. Curriculum Gets Mixed Reviews: Communications Activities for Improving and Evaluating the DARE School-Based Substance Abuse Prevention Curriculum. Program Results Report
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Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and Nakashian, Mary
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Zili Sloboda, Sc.D., and colleagues at the University of Akron, Ohio, designed and evaluated "Take Charge of Your Life", a substance abuse prevention curriculum for 7th- and 9th-grade students delivered by D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) police officers. They designed "Take Charge of Your Life" to impact students' later (high school) intention to use alcohol, tobacco and marijuana by addressing social skills and social influences ("intervention mediators") in the earlier adolescent years. The evaluation of "Take Charge of Your Life" determined whether: (1) The curriculum affected drug use by students at 11th grade; (2) The curriculum was delivered with fidelity to the model; and (3) Intervention mediators--such as drug refusal skills, beliefs about drug use among peers and attitudes about substance use--affected students' later intent to use drugs and their actual drug use. Key findings include: (1) By 11th grade, significantly more students who participated in "Take Charge of Your Life" reported alcohol or cigarette use in the prior 30 days than did a control group of students who did not participate; (2) Students who took "Take Charge of Your Life" classes and who had used marijuana at baseline in 7th grade were significantly less likely to use marijuana by 11th grade, compared with students in the control group; (3) D.A.R.E. police officers delivered all of the lessons and, on average, 73 percent of the content of those lessons; and (4) The curriculum's positive impact on reducing marijuana use among 11th graders who had used marijuana at baseline was associated with their skill in refusing to use marijuana and their perceptions of prevalence of use among their peers. Appended are: (1) Background on D.A.R.E.; (2) The Curriculum Work Group; and (3) The Design Work Group. A bibliography is included.
- Published
- 2010
19. Women's Career Investment and the Returns: Career Benefits and Barriers in the 21st Century Green Economy
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Johnson, Philomena M.
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The key to building successful strategies as a higher education practitioner promoting 21st century green economy career awareness for women attending urban universities, demands advocating for benefits, and subverting potential barriers, to positively influence career choices. Women's career investment and returns increase when proper strategies are employed to address benefits and barriers embedded within urban university systems. There are five primary strategies involved. Develop internal constituents to: 1) partner with career services centers, science, engineering and urban colleges, faculty, staff and student organizations; 2) recruit external constituents from memberships in professional clubs and organizations, civic venues, forums, networking, seminars, workshops, conferences, business, and governmental organizations. Establish a network to engage students pursuing green careers with professionals; 3) provide opportunities for career development through cooperative, internship and experiential learning programs, mentoring, informational interviews, career fairs, job shadowing and placement activities; 4) design effective recruitment and marketing campaigns to attract students by incorporating savvy communication techniques to diminish barriers; 5) focus on advisement and counseling meetings, review concept and ideas to reach diverse women by establishing relationships with public relations and marketing departments, student newspapers and radio stations. Hold classroom presentations and investigate social networking sites.
- Published
- 2010
20. Linchpins or Lost Time: Creating Effective Advisories
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Johnson, Bil
- Abstract
That advisories in secondary schools are fairly pervasive around the country may be one of the great unintended consequences of the Coalition of Essential Schools (CES) reform effort. While no CES Common Principle explicitly states that advisories should exist in schools, as Coalition Schools evolved, advisories became one of the logical ways for teachers to get to know their students well. However, despite their ubiquity, the effectiveness of advisories is problematic at many schools. In some, they have simply become a new name for "homeroom." In others, they are designated as "family groups" but simply serve as an administrative device for attendance and sending messages home. In the worst advisory scenarios, teachers and students experience the advisory as an additional burden on their time without any real value, and this is when the real unfulfilled promise of advisories has had tragic consequences. With that in mind, the author sets out to question folks in a variety of Essential schools to find out how advisories work (or don't) in order to explore the idea that a more systematic and structured approach to developing advisory systems might help them create more effective schools, and hoping to develop some guidelines that may help Essential Schools (and others) create thriving, effective advisories. In the spring of 2009, the author sent an e-mail to 25 schools with a set of 10 questions about advisory programs. He received detailed responses from five schools that represent an interesting geographical cross-section: (1) rural/suburban Massachusetts; (2) upstate New York; (3) rural Ohio; (4) Los Angeles; and (5) urban Rhode Island. Two schools are charters, one an alternative school, one a comprehensive high school, and one an independent school. Their Coalition membership dates back as far as 1988 and all are current, active CES schools. In this article, the author presents the questions and the responses. Furthermore, the author provides five significant insights that can be garnered from the responses of the five vastly different schools that share the commonality of benefiting from successful advisories.
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- 2009
21. Demographic Changes in Rural America and the Implications for Special Education Programming: A Descriptive and Comparative Analysis
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Johnson, Jerry, Ohlson, Matthew A., and Shope, Shane
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In this descriptive and comparative study, we present results highlighting the complexity and scope of the challenges facing rural districts as they navigate the changing demographics of the students and families they serve. Rapid increases in the number and concentration of racially, culturally, and linguistically diverse students in rural areas may have significant implications for teaching and learning. In the face of these changes, rural districts may lack the financial, human, and logistical resources to meet these increasing demands. Viewed within the context of the salient literatures and attentive to the dynamics of organizational change, the results support recommendations for a variety of school- and district-based strategies and send a clear message to policymakers, educators, and others concerned with the education of rural youth, rural families, and rural communities: the need is real and growing in intensity, and there is a role and responsibility for all stakeholders to play.
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- 2018
- Full Text
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22. The Ohio Postsecondary Enrollment Opportunities (PSEO) Program: Understanding its Under-Utilization
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Smith, Marc A., Place, A. William, Biddle, James R., Raisch, C. Daniel, Johnson, Steven Lee, and Wildenhaus, Colleen
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The Ohio PSEO Program is a legislated dual enrollment curricular offering. The program provides higher educational courses that are also credited at the high school and funded at state expense for qualifi ed students. Although individual and institutional benefits of the program abound (i.e., accelerated postsecondary completion, decreased expenses, articulation agreements, seamless education, and reduction in developmental college courses), the utilization rate has not appreciably increased, with competition from other programs being a major reason. A designed instrument and focus group interviews were utilized to determine Advance Placement (AP) students' rationale for their lack of participation in the program. Included in the study were AP and PSEO students and five guidance counselors from five large high schools. Quantitative results and qualitative responses concluded (a) AP students are satisfi ed with their courses and believe the curricula are comparable to college classes; (b) counselors and teachers are not program proponents; (c) AP students desire to remain with their peers; (d) AP students trust their qualifying courses will transfer to postsecondary institutions; (e) AP students' parents are not program proponents; (f) AP students are not concerned about course duplication or expediting their collegiate experiences; and (g) AP students are more concerned about educational quality than cost. (Contains 5 tables.)
- Published
- 2007
23. A Contemporary Controversy in American Education: Including Intelligent Design in the Science Curriculum
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Johnson, Vicki D.
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The battle between creationists and evolutionists has waxed and waned in American culture and education for decades. This conflict is evident in the contemporary debate between the proponents of intelligent design and its opponents. This article illuminates the intelligent design movement by describing major proponents' beliefs, goals, and tactics, and explores the controversy over a high school science textbook and the 2002 debate over Ohio's academic content standards in science.
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- 2006
24. Proceedings of Ohio's Invitational Conference: Narrowing Achievement Gaps (Oxford, OH, September 4-6, 2002).
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Miami Univ., Oxford, OH. School of Education., Kelly, Mary Kay, and Johnson, Iris DeLoach
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These proceedings provide easy access to presentations and discussions from Ohio's Invitational Conference held in Oxford, OH, September 4-6, 2002. In addition, the collection of summaries of addresses, papers, and discussions from each segment of the conference may provide others with background information and insights into topics addressed and discussed. (SOE)
- Published
- 2003
25. The Wright State Model School Initiative: A Summary of Efforts Made to Scale Up Reform in Mathematics and Science Education During Year One.
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Johnson, Carla C. and Damnjanovic, Arta
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This study investigates whole-school and district efforts to change mathematics and science instruction at their sites during the first year of reform. Two middle schools, one high school, and one elementary school participated in this study. The Model Schools Program which is utilized in this study features a constructivist approach. Teams of teachers and administrators from participating schools design and implement their own mathematics and science reform plans with assistance from university faculty, acting as coaches for the school teams. Findings indicate that significant change can take place in classroom teaching practices through teacher-led reform, and the professional development must be held within a collaborative context using university faculty as coaches, team members, and stakeholders in the reform. (KHR)
- Published
- 2002
26. A Collaborative Model for Innovative Facility-Based Educational Programming: The JCESC-EOCC Oil and Gas Certification Training Program
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DiLoreto, Melanie, Ash, George, Johnson, Jerry, Shope, Shane, and Kokiko, Chuck
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Although there is limited research related to the effectiveness of educational courses delivered using an online format in the American prison system, there is evidence that indicates providing education to prisoners reduces recidivism. Reductions in state funding and the need for cost-effective programs to reduce recidivism support the use of technology as a means to bring effective rehabilitation programs to the forefront. The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness of a newly developed, online educational training program offered to inmates sentenced to one prison located in the midwestern United States. This study sought to examine inmates' (1) technology skills, (2) experience with training, (3) beliefs/thoughts on the quality of the training, and (4) future career plans. Findings from this study indicate that inmates had adequate technology skills, they had positive experiences with the training, and they had positive beliefs about the quality of the training. In addition, participants shared that they plan to seek employment in the oil and gas industry. A summary of the findings is presented in this paper.
- Published
- 2017
27. Partnerships for Success through Research in Agricultural Education. Proceedings of the 1996 National Agricultural Education Research Meeting (Cincinnati, Ohio, December 4, 1996). Volume XXIII.
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American Vocational Association, Alexandria, VA. Agricultural Education Div., Wardlow, George W., and Johnson, Donald M.
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The following are among the 42 papers and 8 poster sessions included: "Association of Methodology and Student Learning Style on Student Perception of a Collegiate Leadership Course" (McNulty, Townsend); "Learning Styles and Cognitive Performance of Secondary School Pupils" (Cox, Connors); "Effect of Style-Specific Instruction on Achievement and Satisfaction of Field-Dependent and Field-Independent Learners" (Miller, Honeyman); "Suburbanites' Perceptions about Agriculture" (Thomson); "Attitudes toward Agriculture of Urban Students Enrolled in High School Agricultural Education by Gender and Ethnicity" (Talbert); "Native American High School Student Knowledge and Perception of Agriculture" (Frick, Wilson); "Case Analysis of a Website for an Agricultural Education Course" Terry, Briers); "Assessment of the Introductory Unit of an Applied Environmental Science Curriculum" (Garton, Birkenholz, Thompson); "Learning Styles of Secondary Agriculture Teachers and Students" (Garton, Thompson, Cano); "Perception of Agriculture as a Context for Elementary Science Teaching" (Trexler, Sudvedi); "Computer Integration by Agriculture Teacher Educators" (Miller, Connors); "Science Credit for Agriculture" (Johnson); "Critical Issues Facing Secondary Agricultural Education Programs" (Connors); "Enhancing the Agricultural Communications Curriculum" (Terry); "History of Graduate Programs in Agricultural/Extension Education in the United States" (Key, Oyawiri); "Current Status of Collegiate Agricultural Education Organizations" (Connors); "Subject Matter Topics Researched in Education and Extension Education" (Radhakrishna, Xu); "Method for Determining Equivalence between Science and Education Competencies" (Schmidt, Cox, Elliot); "Utilizing Two Approaches to Identify the Inservice Needs of Beginning Teachers of Agriculture" (Garton, Chung); "Block Scheduling's Impact on Instruction, FFA (Future Farmers of America), and SAE (Supervised Agricultural Experience) in Agricultural Education" (Kirby, Moore, Becton); "New Methodology to Assess Safety Conditions in Agriscience Laboratories" (Melendez et al.); "Influence of Instructors' Computer Proficiency on Achievement and Changes in Student Attitudes in a World Wide Web Based Technical Writing in Agricommunication Course" (Raven, Newman, Day); and "Comparison of Cognitive Performance of Distance and Resident Classroom Agricultural Education Graduate Students" (Jackson, Raven, Newman). (MN)
- Published
- 1996
28. PMEEP: Does It Creep into the Worldview of Participants? Microethnography Inquiry in Progress.
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Kwartler, Trish Johnson
- Abstract
The Primary Mathematics Education Enhancement Program (PMEEP) is an early childhood teacher enhancement project funded by the National Science Foundation. It is a collaborative project of Kent State University and 11 school districts in a primarily rural midwestern county that has recently been classified as Appalachia. At the conclusion of 2 years, 200 teachers from grades K-2 will have participated in workshops, kept journals, received peer coaching, and helped in a summer curriculum development project. The PMEEP model is based on the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics'"Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics," and reflects a constructivist approach to mathematics education that focuses on mathematical problem solving, reasoning, connections, and communication. PMEEP is designed to encourage teachers to modify the curriculum and the language they use, and to adapt its child centered "worldview" in a personally comfortable manner. The purpose of the research effort in PMEEP is to understand if the model works, and the conditions that make it effective. The study, which is currently being conducted, includes three components: (1) data collection through teacher surveys and journals; (2) case studies of four schools; and (3) microethnographies of three classrooms. This document describes the results of the microethnography for three teachers and some of the theoretical considerations behind the ethnographic portion of the study. (MDH)
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- 1993
29. An Analysis of the Charter School Facility Landscape in Ohio
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National Charter School Resource Center (NCSRC) at Safal Partners, Colorado League of Charter Schools, National Alliance for Public Charter Schools, Ohio Alliance for Public Charter Schools (OAPCS), Hesla, Kevin, Johnson, Jessica M., Chambers, Darlene, Truett, Jesse, Conry, Julie, Hatt, Trint, Holliman, RaShaun, and Ziebarth, Todd
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In the spring of 2015, the National Charter School Resource Center (NCSRC), the Colorado League of Charter Schools (the League), the Ohio Alliance for Public Charter Schools (OAPCS), and the National Alliance for Public Charter Schools (the Alliance) collaborated to collect data and information about charter school facilities and facilities expenditures in the state of Ohio. The data collection in Ohio was supported by the Charter School Facilities Initiative (CSFI), which is a national project developed by the League to research charter school facilities and facilities expenditures across the country. The information contained in this report is based on survey, measurement, and enrollment data collected for the 2014-15 school year. The initial identification of survey participants, data collection via on-site building visits and online surveys, data analysis and report production covered a period of approximately 14 months. The policy conclusions are based on the charter school facility landscape in Ohio, the national facility landscape, and the collective expertise of the NCSRC, the League, OAPCS, and the Alliance. All results presented in this report are from the 81 percent (277) of Ohio's 343 brick and mortar charter school facilities that participated in this initiative in 2014-15. For additional information on survey participation please see Appendix A. The sample of brick and mortar charter schools is representative of the state in terms of region, school type, and management type. Academic performance data was not collected as part of this project. Therefore, an analysis between facility quality, amenities and academic performance was not within the scope of this research and report. In Ohio, site-based public charter schools, commonly called brick and mortar schools, are those in which students physically attend classes. Site-based public charter schools can be general or special education and/or dropout prevention and recovery schools. According to the Ohio Department of Education's Annual Community Schools Report, approximately 94 percent of charter schools in Ohio were site-based. The facility needs, enrollment size, and learning environment for charter schools are often based on the focus area and school type. According to Ohio Department of Education's Fall Enrollment Data, Ohio's public charter schools served nearly 125,000 students--or approximately 7 percent of all public school students statewide.
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- 2016
30. McNair Scholars' Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Graduate Experience: A Pilot Study
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Bancroft, Senetta F., Benson, Susan Kushner, and Johnson-Whitt, Eugenia
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Nationally, racial and gender disparities persist in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. These disparities are most notable at the doctoral level and are also found in the doctoral outcomes of Ronald E. McNair Postbaccalaureate Achievement Program participants (Scholars) despite opportunities designed to promote their doctoral success. Scholars from three McNair Programs were surveyed. The survey included items related to Scholars' perceptions of their McNair Program experiences, graduate advisor relationship, and experiences with stereotype threat. Scholars overwhelmingly reported their McNair Program experiences as beneficial to their STEM graduate studies and their graduate research advisors as supportive. However, Black female Scholars also overwhelmingly reported experiences related to stereotype threat. Improvements for survey items and the need for STEM education research to explicitly link educational experiences with institutional oppressions such as racism and sexism are discussed.
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- 2016
31. Assessing Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Students Enrolled in Early Childhood Education Practicum Movement Courses
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Johnson, Lisa B.
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess self- efficacy beliefs of students in early childhood education movement practicum courses offered in Northeastern Ohio higher educational institutions. The sample population consisted of early childhood education students from four higher educational institutions (two community colleges and two universities) located in the Northeastern Ohio area. The survey was given to a total of 165 students and the researcher received a total of 151 completed questionnaires for a response rate of 92%. The student population was composed of 137 females (90%) and 14 males (9%). Using the Raosoft Sample Size Calculator the researcher determined that a total of 116 completed questionnaires were needed to yield statistical power. To address research question One, the researcher employed descriptive data to identify the demographic characteristics of participants in the study. Research question Two, the researcher employed a t-test to assess the extent to which gender accounts for the variability in self-efficacy beliefs among students in this program. This type of test fits the research question well because it involved a comparison of the means for two groups (Salkind, 2004). For research questions Three, Four, and Five the researcher conducted separate One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests. For research question Six, a Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was selected to assess the relationship between respondents' age and self-efficacy beliefs. A reliability analysis employing Cronbach's alpha was also conducted to examine whether the series of questions were designed to measure the underlying themes in the survey were internally consistent. The themes were overall self-efficacy (Cronbach's alpha 0.96); student engagement self-efficacy (Cronbach's alpha 0.90); instruction strategies self-efficacy (Cronbach's alpha 0.92); and classroom management self-efficacy (Cronbach's alpha 0.90) were internally consistent. Self-efficacy beliefs for each question on the survey were grouped according to each subscale/theme of student engagement, instruction strategies, and classroom management experiences. The Ohio State Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale (OSTES) was utilized to collect data for this study and Educators at Ohio State University College of Education and Human Ecology developed the OSTES. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2016
32. Impact Evaluation of Enabling Mothers to Prevent Pediatric Obesity through Web-Based Education and Reciprocal Determinism (EMPOWER) Randomized Control Trial
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Knowlden, Adam P., Sharma, Manoj, Cottrell, Randall R., Wilson, Bradley R. A., and Johnson, Marcus Lee
- Abstract
Background. The family and home environment is an influential antecedent of childhood obesity. The purpose of this study was to pilot test The Enabling Mothers to Prevent Pediatric Obesity through Web-Based Education and Reciprocal Determinism (EMPOWER) intervention; a newly developed, theory-based, online program for prevention of childhood obesity. Method. The two-arm, parallel group, randomized, participant-blinded trial targeted mothers with children between 4 and 6 years of age. Measures were collected at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks to evaluate programmatic effects on constructs of social cognitive theory (SCT) and obesity-related behaviors. Process evaluation transpired concurrently with each intervention session. Results. Fifty-seven participants were randomly assigned to receive either experimental EMPOWER (n = 29) or active control Healthy Lifestyles (n = 28) intervention. Significant main effects were identified for child physical activity, sugar-free beverage consumption, and screen time, indicating that both groups improved in these behaviors. A significant group-by-time interaction was detected for child fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption as well as the SCT construct of environment in the EMPOWER cohort. An increase of 1.613 cups of FVs (95% confidence interval = [0.698, 2.529]) was found in the experimental group, relative to the active control group. Change score analysis found changes in the home environment accounted for 31.4% of the change in child FV intake for the experimental group. Conclusions. Child physical activity, sugar-free beverage consumption, and screen time improved in both groups over the course of the trial. Only the theory-based intervention was efficacious in increasing child FV consumption. The EMPOWER program was robust for inducing change in the home environment leading to an increase in child FV intake (Cohen's "f" = 0.160).
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- 2015
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33. Higher Education in California: Performance Budgeting
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Public Policy Institute of California, Murphy, Patrick, Cook, Kevin, Johnson, Hans, and Weston, Margaret
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As California begins to reinvest in public higher education after several years of budget cuts, it could opt to tie funding more closely with outcomes--for example, the number of students educated or degrees awarded. This approach, known as performance-based funding, has the potential to incentivize investment by the state's higher education systems in areas that further state priorities. Drawing on California's minimal experience with performance-based funding and the approaches other states have pursued, this report raises four important questions for the state to consider if it wants to link funding for higher education with outcomes without compromising on either quality or equity. [For the companion report, "Higher Education in California: Student Costs," see ED561200. For the companion report, "Higher Education in California: Institutional Costs," see ED561201.]
- Published
- 2014
34. Development of a Protocol to Evaluate the Use of Representations in Secondary Chemistry Instruction
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Philipp, Stephanie B., Johnson, Destinee K., and Yezierski, Ellen J.
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Although observational protocols have been developed that assess different aspects of science teaching, none of the protocols existing in the literature address the principles of effective chemistry instruction guided by Johnstone's triangle of macroscopic, symbolic, and particulate representations of matter (Johnstone, 1991). We developed our own protocol, the Representations in Chemistry Instruction (RICI) protocol, to meet this need. RICI's research-based indicators include: (1) who used the representations (teacher or student) during instruction; (2) the role of representations in improving conceptual understanding; (3) the quality of discourse around the representations; and (4) the degree to which different representations (macroscopic, symbolic and particulate) were integrated in the lesson. The protocol was evaluated for face validity by a panel of chemistry education researchers and for reliability with evaluation of paired observations by two researchers, resulting in a Cohen's kappa of 0.71. The RICI protocol, used with an inquiry-based instruction observation protocol, like the similarly formatted EQUIP (Marshall et al., 2009), can evaluate the quality of secondary chemistry instruction for education researchers and professional development leaders, provide feedback to chemistry teachers for professional growth, and serve as a model for effective use of representations in chemistry instruction.
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- 2014
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35. Transitioning from Quarters to Semesters: Changes in College Students' Predicted and Perceived Motivation
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Johnson, Marcus Lee and Kestler, Jessica L.
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A number of U.S. higher education institutions are converting from quarter-to semester-based academic calendars; in fall 2012, seventeen Ohio institutions did so. Over a two-year time period, college student samples were recruited from a large, public, urban, Midwestern university that was undergoing a transition from a quarter-based to a semester-based calendar. Results indicate that during their last year on the quarter calendar, most students favored that system and predicted little to no change in their motivation heading into semesters; but after their first year on the semester calendar, their favoritism of quarters decreased. This mixed methods study assessed college students' favoritism of quarters and semesters; their predicted and perceived changes to their motivated behaviors; and their self-reported motivation. Even though most students perceived little to no change in their motivation after the conversion to the semester calendar, there was a noticeable increase in the percentage of students who reported having adopted maladaptive behaviors and becoming de-motivated. Despite this increase, a statistical increase in students' self-efficacy toward their coursework was also observed. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
- Published
- 2014
36. Impact of Formulas, Language and Instruction on Student Performance on Cost-Volume-Profit Problems
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Johnson, Benny G. and Sargent, Carol Springer
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This study investigated how three factors impacted performance on cost-volume-profit homework problems: language, formula use, and instruction. Students enrolled in Introduction to Financial Accounting (the first principles of accounting course) and Managerial Accounting (the second principles of accounting course) from eight different US colleges completed homework problems presented in everyday language or accounting language, with or without a formula "cheat sheet" on the screen, and with or without prior instruction. Scores on formula-facilitated questions (those solvable by use of traditional cost-volume-profit formulas) were contrasted with scores on application questions, novel word problems requiring students to apply their knowledge about how cost behavior and sales impact profits. Students performed better on assignments phrased in everyday language. Students with formulas provided during homework completed more formula-facilitated questions correctly but some evidence indicated that they did worse on application questions; more work is needed in this area. Instruction effects were very small. Participants without instruction performed just as well as instructed students when problems were presented in everyday language or if formulas were provided.
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- 2014
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37. Stakeholders' Views of Factors that Impact Successful Interagency Collaboration.
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Johnson, Lawrence J., Tam, Brian Kai Yung, Zorn, Debbie, Lamontagne, Maggie, and Johnson, Susan A.
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A study involving 33 stakeholders from nine early intervention state departments and three private social services agencies in Ohio investigated factors related to successful and unsuccessful collaborations. Significant differences were found between program chiefs and program specialists in two areas, factors jeopardizing interagency collaboration and areas of needed change. (Contains references.) (Author/CR)
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- 2003
38. A Field Study of Telepractice for School Intervention Using the ASHA NOMS K-12 Database
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Gabel, Rodney, Grogan-Johnson, Sue, Alvares, Robin, Bechstein, Leah, and Taylor, Jacquelyn
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The purpose of this article is to describe the characteristics and effectiveness of a telepractice speech-language therapy program for school-age children. Outcome data related to the caseload, type and amount of intervention, and student progress from a school-based telepractice therapy program were compared with the K-12 Schools National Outcomes Measurement System (NOMS) of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. NOMS provides data for students receiving intervention through direct, in-person service delivery models. The findings suggest many similarities between the characteristics of the telepractice and direct, in-person service delivery models. The telepractice service delivery model was effective for most students included in the study. Results of this study support the described telepractice service delivery model as a viable option for speech-language therapy services delivered to public school students with communication impairments. Limitations of this study are discussed with guidance provided for future research studies exploring the efficacy of speech-language therapy delivered via telepractice.
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- 2013
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39. A Comparison of Speech Sound Intervention Delivered by Telepractice and Side-by-Side Service Delivery Models
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Grogan-Johnson, Sue, Schmidt, Anna Marie, Schenker, Jason, Alvares, Robin, Rowan, Lynne E., and Taylor, Jacquelyn
- Abstract
Telepractice has the potential to provide greater access to speech-language intervention services for children with communication impairments. Substantiation of this delivery model is necessary for telepractice to become an accepted alternative delivery model. This study investigated the progress made by school-age children with speech sound impairments in side-by-side intervention compared with telepractice intervention. Fourteen children aged 6 through 10 years with identified speech sound disorders were randomly assigned to intervention delivered in a side-by-side or telepractice service delivery model. Intervention was provided twice a week for 30-min individual sessions during a 5-week summer intervention program. Children in both service delivery models made improvement in their speech sound production during the program. There were no significant differences between the two groups on postintervention assessments including standardized assessment and listener judgments of word productions. Measurements of treatment fidelity were also reported. The results of this study support the use of telepractice in the intervention of children's speech sound disorders. (Contains 3 tables.)
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- 2013
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40. Effective Board Leadership: Factors Associated with Student Achievement
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Johnson, Paul A.
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The purpose of this study was to establish the content, construct, and predictive validity of the Effective Board Leadership Practices Survey (EBLPS). The EBLPS was designed to measure the leadership practices of boards of education that support student achievement. A literature review identified 12 board leadership practices supportive of student achievement. These practices formed the content basis of the 33-item EBLPS. A factor analysis approach to construct validity revealed six significant factors underlying the EBLPS, while a t test revealed a significant difference between the mean EBLPS scores of high- and low-achieving school districts.
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- 2013
41. Assessing the Landscape: Body Image Values and Attitudes among Middle School Boys and Girls
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Grosick, Tracy L., Talbert-Johnson, Carolyn, Myers, Melissa J., and Angelo, Renee
- Abstract
Background: Body image refers to an individual's thoughts and feelings about his or her body and physical appearance. To date, several qualitative and quantitative findings implicate sociocultural influences, such as the media or parental pressure, in shaping female adolescents' body image perceptions. Overall, there is not much quantitative inventory of male attitudes toward elements of body image. Purpose: The present study investigated several attributes associated with body image among male and female middle school students in a diverse suburban middle school. Further, it briefly explored qualitative indicators to supplement the data set. Methods: A sample of 334 middle school students from Hopewell (OH) Junior School (approximately 50% male and 50% female) completed a 2-page survey assessing level of agreement toward various attributes associated with body image. Two open-ended responses regarding body health and body ideal were also captured. Results: The data indicate high levels of agreement (nearly 80%) among the total population that appearance is an important part of middle school children's personas. For many attributes, data for boys were parallel to the data for girls, setting a precedent for insight into boys' attitudes toward health and body image. For other attributes, girls had significantly higher levels of agreement (based on percentage of "strongly agree + agree" and mean response) for dieting (44%), depression over appearance (32%), and an inclination toward risky eating behaviors (10%) compared to their male counterparts. Discussion: Health and physical education professionals should not only maintain awareness of girls' desire to look their best physically and related influences and behaviors but acknowledge boys as having similar dispositions. Translation to Health Education Practice: Learning modules that review typical development of middle school children's bodies, how to become advertising savvy, types of dieting (e.g., binge eating), and how to recognize "at risk" groups should be developed to keep pace with the evolving societal definitions of body image and how students can take a defensive position in controlling their own definitions of a healthy body image. (Contains 4 tables, and 2 figures.)
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- 2013
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42. Aligning Conversations: From Seminars to Curricular Reform
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Fitz, Raymond and Johnson, Patricia Altenbernd
- Abstract
The following pages present an account of practices developed at the University of Dayton, a Catholic university in the Marianist tradition, to help faculty more intentionally integrate liberal learning and business education by focusing on ways the Catholic Intellectual Tradition can shape the context in which this integration takes place. The first section describes a series of seminars, looking particularly at how these seminars have led to a focus on "educating for lives of reasoned action." The second section sets out several elements, including practical reasoning and Catholic social thought, that faculty agree are fundamental for educating for this focus. Section three summarizes collaborative structures and practices that have been developed to further curricular revision. The fourth section outlines insights that have been gleaned from this work, including an emerging framework for curricular change. (Contains 3 tables, 1 figure, and 10 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2013
43. Campaign Expenditures in School Levy Referenda and Their Relationship to Voter Approval: Evidence from Ohio, 2007-2010
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Ingle, William Kyle, Johnson, Paul Andrew, Givens, Matt Ryan, and Rampelt, Jerry
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Using logistic regression, this study sought to understand the relationship between district characteristics, district finances, levy characteristics, and campaign expenditures with new operating levy outcomes. We found that employee benefits as a percentage of the district's budget were negatively associated with levy outcomes, while salaries were positively associated with levy outcomes, suggesting that voters may be more sensitive to retirement and healthcare benefits than salaries when voting. While campaign spending was related to levy success, types of expenditures were largely insignificant. School district personnel must be cognizant of the local conditions in crafting campaigns and recruiting community stakeholders. (Contains 4 tables, 1 figure, and 6 notes.)
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- 2013
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44. Eyewitness Testimony, False Confession, and Human Performance Technology: An Examination of Wrongful Convictions
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Johnson, Terry L.
- Abstract
Wrongful criminal convictions have come to the attention of the public and the criminal justice community in recent decades as a result of DNA evidence that has proven innocence after conviction. Research has suggested that as many as 3% to 5% of people currently imprisoned did not, in fact, commit the crimes for which they were convicted. A review of the scholarly literature indicates that two primary causes of errors lead to wrongful convictions: (a) faulty eyewitness identification and (b) false confessions that occur during the criminal investigative phase. There are three purposes of this study. The first purpose of the study was to qualitatively analyze the current Ohio Peace Officer Training Commission (OPOTC) curriculum to determine whether the content being taught in Ohio police academies is in alignment with empirical research on the subjects of wrongful convictions, faulty identification, and false confessions. The second purpose of the study was to quantitatively investigate the perceptions that experienced investigators have regarding what they were taught in the police academy compared with what they now understand from experience pertaining to eyewitness and confession evidence. The third purpose of the study was to suggest human performance technology (HTP) interventions as a means to improve performance of police investigators and reduce the rates of wrongful convictions in the state of Ohio. Results indicated that the OPOTC curriculum does not coincide with empirical research pertaining to wrongful convictions, specifically with regard to eyewitness identification and false confessions. Results further indicated that perceptions among investigators pertaining to eyewitness and confession evidence have changed as investigators gained experience in the field. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2013
45. The Impact of Instructional Coaching on School Improvement
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Johnson, Elizabeth
- Abstract
Since the inception of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, instructional coaching has increased in low-performing schools with limited research. Practices of instructional coaches have varied greatly and the impact on school improvement is unknown. This study analyzed daily log entries of instructional coaches serving 23 Title I and three School Improvement Grant schools in Cincinnati Public Schools for the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 school years. The purpose of this study was to investigate how schools had their instructional coaches spend their time in relation to how schools were performing. Qualitative analyses found that there were some categories of work in the Cincinnati Public Schools' coaching log that closely aligned to one of the five coaching categories found in the study by Deussen, Coskie, Robinson, and Autio (2007), while others were aligned to multiple categories. The 18,619 coaching log entries were quantified by coaching category; patterns in the coaching categories were analyzed; and patterns were compared to the schools' outcome measures. Schools that earned a state designation of Excellent or Effective from the State of Ohio had their coaches spend a predominant amount of time working in the teacher-oriented or managerial categories. A school that earned a state designation of Academic Watch in both 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 had their coaches spend a predominant amount of time in the student-oriented category both school years. A school that earned a state designation rating of Effective in 2010-2011 and Excellent in 2011-2012 had their coaches spend similar amounts of time in all categories for both school years, while all three schools with a rating of Academic Emergency had their coaches spend a concentrated amount of time in one category and less time in other categories. Based on the findings from the study, a school had more success when the instructional coaching was spread out among the coaching categories. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2013
46. 'Hired Guns' and 'Legitimate Voices': The Politics and Participants of Levy Campaigns in Five Ohio School Districts
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Ingle, William Kyle, Johnson, Paul Andrew, and Petroff, Ruth Ann
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Background: In Ohio, levy campaigns are a burdensome task for district administrators and stakeholders alike. To date, there is little research on the districts' role in crafting school budget referenda campaigns. Purpose: This study asked three research questions: How did the macropolitical contexts shape stakeholders' decision making in terms of campaign strategizing and participation? How did the micropolitical contexts shape stakeholder decision making in terms of campaign strategizing and participation? How did successful districts differ in political strategies from districts that were not successful? Research Design: Qualitative case studies. Data Collection: Twenty-three informants from five Ohio school districts with levies on the November 2008 ballot. Using a snowball sampling technique, initial informants (i.e., superintendent, treasurer) were asked to identify additional stakeholders who participated in the campaigns. Data Analysis: Coding was initially guided by multiple theoretical frameworks, including macro/micropolitics, Johnson's 21 campaign strategies and Anderson's framework of "authentic" participation. After coding, an iterative team memo-writing process was used. Findings: This study offers important insight into the complexities of the environments and strategies used in levy campaigns. Four macropolitical themes were identified--state campaign policies, state education finance policy, the high-profile nature of the Presidential election, and the state of the economy. Despite a small sample, districts varied greatly in strategies used and community involvement. Districts that heavily engaged community members and created a sense of urgency yielded greater success at the polls than "central office campaigns." Adequate message training for campaign participants was also integral to success. (Contains 7 notes and 4 tables.)
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- 2012
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47. Is PAR a Good Investment? Understanding the Costs and Benefits of Teacher Peer Assistance and Review Programs
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Papay, John P. and Johnson, Susan Moore
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Peer Assistance and Review (PAR) is a local labor-management initiative designed to improve teacher quality. In PAR, expert "consulting teachers" mentor, support, and evaluate novice and underperforming veteran teachers. Evaluations under PAR can lead to dismissals. The authors examine the costs and benefits of PAR, both financial and organizational. Although PAR is an expensive reform, costing US$3,000 to US$10,000 per teacher served, it affords the district a range of financial savings and organizational benefits that offset program costs. The authors argue that limiting the scope of an educational cost-benefit study to only quantifiable elements artificially constrains understanding what a reform actually requires and offers. (Contains 4 tables and 10 notes.)
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- 2012
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48. Relocation Programs, Opportunities to Learn, and the Complications of Conversion
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Johnson, Odis
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Since 1976, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has relocated low-income children of color from public housing communities to less racially and economically isolated neighborhoods in an effort to improve their developmental opportunities. This article provides the first comprehensive evaluation summary of seven relocation programs and the reasons why six of them failed to replicate the educational successes of the inaugural Gautreaux program. The author argues that children were not able to convert potentially greater opportunities to learn into educational success after they resettled due to four complications, including an absence of threshold effects in destination neighborhoods, the existence of cultural discontinuities, incompatibilities between HUD and educational policy and between educational institutions, and the uncertain relevance of neighborhoods and schools as sites of educational production. (Contains 1 figure and 1 table.)
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- 2012
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49. Perceived Barriers for First-Generation Students: Reforms to Level the Terrain
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Unverferth, Anthony Richard, Talbert-Johnson, Carolyn, and Bogard, Treavor
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This article examines the pervasive difficulties experienced by first-generation students in their quest to attend postsecondary settings. A change in the profile of the undergraduate student body has changed dramatically with respect to first-generation students' age, enrollment status, and family conditions. These students are likely to enter college with less academic preparation and have limited access to information about the college experience. Low-income, minority, first-generation students are especially likely to lack specific types of college knowledge, which includes knowing how to finance a college education and complete basic admissions requirements. For these students to be successful, it is imperative to understand the pervasive obstacles they may encounter. The article identifies the challenges that first-generation students experience and their perceptions regarding the postsecondary experience, and it concludes with recommendations for successful academic practices. (Contains 4 tables.)
- Published
- 2012
50. What Is STEM? A Discussion about Conceptions of STEM in Education and Partnerships
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Breiner, Jonathan M., Harkness, Shelly Sheats, Johnson, Carla C., and Koehler, Catherine M.
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Educational reformation has proceeded slowly despite the many calls to improve science and mathematics for our students. The acronym STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) has been adopted by numerous programs as an important focus for renewed global competitiveness for the United States, but conceptions of what STEM entails often vary among stakeholders. This paper examines the conceptions of STEM held by faculty members from a public Research I institution in the middle of a regional "STEM movement." Faculty members responded to two open-ended questions: (1) What is STEM? and (2) How does STEM influence and/or impact your life? Although 72% of these faculty members possessed a relevant conception of STEM, the results suggest that they do not share a common conceptualization of STEM. Their conception is most likely based on their academic discipline or how STEM impacts their daily lives. STEM faculty members were likely to have a neutral or positive conception where non-STEM faculty members often had negative feelings about STEM. (Contains 2 tables.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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