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Objective: This article evaluates the risk (defined here as incidence per 1,000 infants) of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in premature infants undergoing hip ultrasound (HUS) for breech presentation only compared with other indications., Study Design: Retrospective study of infants born between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018 at <37 weeks' gestation with a HUS obtained in the first year of life, at Nationwide Children's Hospital, the only available facility for pediatric radiology and orthopaedic services in central Ohio. We calculated risk differences and odds ratios of DDH by the indication of HUS., Results: From 2,397 infants reviewed, 89% underwent HUS for breech presentation only. The local incidence of DDH for infants undergoing HUS for breech-only indication was 15 per 1,000 compared with 155 per 1,000 for infants undergoing HUS for other indications. The odds ratio of DDH diagnosis was 12.1 (95% confidence interval: 7.5, 19.6) for infants undergoing HUS for an indication other than breech presentation only relative to infants undergoing HUS for the indication of breech presentation only., Conclusion: The risk of DDH diagnosis in premature infants undergoing HUS for breech presentation is much lower than those undergoing HUS for clinical concerns and other risk factors. Screening these infants with physical examination may be sufficient., Key Points: · Breech presentation is the most common indication for hip ultrasound in premature infants.. · The risk of DDH is lower in premature infants with breech presentation compared with premature infants with other clinical concerns.. · The risk of DDH is higher in infants born at 33 to 36 weeks of gestation compared with those born at an earlier gestation.., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

We conducted a survey and audit of thermal equipment use in very low-birth-weight infants in five Ohio neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to document regional practice. The survey indicated a variety of thermal care styles. Two NICUs preferred to admit infants to incubators, the other three favoring radiant warmers. These three NICUs moved infants from radiant warmers into incubators at significantly different mean ages. The audit demonstrated inconsistent use of plastic covers, warming mattresses, and added humidity under radiant warmers, and discrepancies between survey responses and actual use within NICUs. Inter-NICU variability of thermal equipment use may complicate fluid management.