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Copyright of Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana is the property of Sociedad Geologica Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Mexico, the tradition of consuming flowers dates to pre-Columbian times, and flower consumption persists today; however, this practice is typically unknown outside the regions where flowers are used in local gastronomy. The aim of this work was to evaluate the variation in polyphenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity in inflorescence samples. Samples of izote (Yucca filifera), maguey pulquero (Agave salmiana), cuachepil or guachepil (Diphysa americana), and tepejilote or pacaya (Chamaedorea tepejilote) were collected from different communities and regions of Oaxaca, Mexico, during 2022. Specifically, ten to eleven inflorescence samples were collected per species, and their polyphenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity were evaluated using UV–visible spectrophotometry and reference standards. Significant differences were detected between and within samples depending on their geographical origin (collection locations); the environment and site influenced the composition of the samples for each species. Across all species, significant and positive correlations of the polyphenol and flavonoid contents were identified with the antioxidant activity detected via the DPPH and FRAP methods. The high variability in phenolic compound contents and antioxidant activity within each species shows that the nutritional and nutraceutical potential of flowers may complement diets at the family and communitarian levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During fieldwork conducted in 2022 in Llano de San Vicente, Putla Villa de Guerrero, and San Isidro Paz y Progreso, Santa María Yucuhiti, Oaxaca, Mexico, we discovered a previously undescribed species of Spathiphyllum. In the present paper, we describe and illustrate S. mixtecorum Díaz Jim. and Perez‐Farr. a new species from Oaxaca, Mexico. The proposed new species is morphologically similar to S. uxpanapense Matuda, but differs from that species in having petioles sheathed to the geniculum, a longer geniculum (up to 4 cm long), usually green spathes at anthesis, longer spadix (up to 5 cm), greater number of ovules per locule (up to four) and up to twice as many seeds per berry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zamia magnifica (Zamiaceae), a new species endemic to Sierra Norte, Oaxaca, Mexico, is described. Zamia magnifica is characterized by having a rupicolous habit, pendent leaves bearing leaflets that are densely tomentose and pink to caramel in color when emerging, and broad oblong leaflets that are coriaceous in texture with few non-prominent denticulations and ovulate strobili with short (<4 cm) peduncles. It is compared to Z. furfuracea and Z. meermanii, the Mesoamerican Zamia species to which it shares the closest morphological resemblance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the oviposition preference and development of the parasitoid Chelonus insularis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) fed on maize Zea mays and the teosinte Z. luxurians from Oaxaca, Mexico. For the oviposition preference test, an unmated and naïve C. insularis female, and egg masses of S. frugiperda that in the larval stage were fed on maize or teosinte were used. The experiment was repeated 52 times in paired treatments. For the development of C. insularis, 178 larvae of S. frugiperda were fed on maize and 159 larvae on teosinte. Chelonus insularis did not distinguish between eggs from hosts fed on maize or teosinte. The development of parasitoid on maize and teosinte was similar, except for the period of time from oviposition to adult emergence, with 24.24 and 26.51 d, respectively. Parasitism of S. frugiperda eggs was greater than 77%. Larval survival rate was greater than 93% and pupal rate greater than 74%. The emergence of healthy adults varied between 76 and 91% and the sex ratio was biased to males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Entomología is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Milkweeds, despite their toxicity, support a complex and diverse community of specialised herbivore insects, from sap-sucking aphids to leaf-chewing caterpillars and beetles. In the case of butterflies, milkweeds are the feeding plants of the iconic Monarch butterfly and the rest of the milkweed butterflies (Nymphalidae: Danainae). This plant–insect relationship represents one of the most remarkable examples of herbivorous exploitation and plant defence evolution. For the neotropical milkweed butterflies, numerous host plants have been reported inside several genera and species of Apocynaceae. However, new observations still appear. In this work, we report for the first time Telminostelma foetidum as a host plant for two Danaus species and for the Erebidae Euchaetes mitis in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico. We also report novel observations of an adult of D. eresimus as a flower visitor of T. foetidum besides the already known honey bee. We discuss the importance of native milkweeds in the maintenance of the urban population of milkweed butterflies and moths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most studies focus on damage caused by beetle larvae to various crops; however, little is known about the association of adults with wild and ornamental species, their food preferences, and plant-beetle relationships. Therefore, the objective of this work was to report new host plants and floral associations for four species of Cetoniinae and Rutelinae beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and to provide a checklist of Scarabaeidae from San Andrés Huayapam, Oaxaca, México. The checklist had 15 species grouped into 12 genera, nine tribes, and four subfamilies. Twelve species had new locality records, of which one was the first accurate distribution record for the State of Oaxaca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the importance of maize (Zea mays L.) worldwide and multiple records of arthropods in the crop, only the United States, Mexico, and Peru register Lepidoptera from the family Hesperiidae as phytophagous on maize. For this reason, it is important to document for Mexico the presence of Hesperiidae species in maize. The work was done in the State of Oaxaca at the towns of Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Santiago Apóstol, Coatecas Altas, and Villa de Zaachila in the Central Valley region; and at La Cofradia and Santa Lucia Miahuatlan in the Sierra Sur region. Maize landrace crops of Bolita, Conical-Chalqueño, Zapalote Chico, and teosinte Zea luxurians (Durieu y Asch.) Bird were sampled. Larvae obtained in the field were fed until becoming adult butterflies. Four species of Hesperiidae were identified: Ancyloxypha arene (W. H. Edwards), Lerema accius (J. E. Smith), L. liris Evans, and Naevolus orius Mabille. For the first time, maize landraces were documented as food for larvae of L. liris and N. orius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Creole animals are an important genetic resource due to their adaptation to adverse conditions, however, many of them have disappeared or have been reduced in number; therefore, their identification and preservation should be promoted. In the Mixteca zone of Oaxaca, México, there is a group of creole sheep with physical differences with respect to the other known breeds. The objective of the present study was to determine the degree of differentiation among the individuals of the population of creole sheep and the similarities with other breeds, as well as to measure their level of conservation and consanguinity. It was found that there is a group of sheep which is different from the presently known breeds and that they do not present high degree of consanguinity, and thus may be considered a new breed. Therefore, it is proposed that they are identified as the Chocholteca Creole breed, in honor of the ethnic group which inhabits this region. The present study is very important because it discovers a new genotype of sheep, which amplifies the genetic diversity. Therefore, further studies are needed, given that they are a potential alternative of meat and wool. Creole sheep in México have undergone crossbreeding, provoking the loss of genetic variability. The objective of the present study is to determine the intra-racial genetic diversity, the genetic relationship with other genotypes, and the populational substructure of the Oaxacan Creole sheep. Twenty-nine blood samples were obtained of Creole sheep of the Oaxaca Mixteca region in México. A genetic analysis was made with 41 microsatellites recommended for studies of genetic diversity in sheep. An analysis was made of genetic diversity, populational structure, and genetic distance with 27 other sheep populations. The study found 205 alleles with a range of 2 to 9 by locus and an effective number of 3.33. The intra-racial analysis showed a moderate genetic diversity with values of expected heterozygosity of 0.686 and observed of 0.756, a mean polymorphic information content of 0.609, and a mean coefficient of consanguinity of −0.002. In interracial genetic diversity for the coefficients of consanguinity, the values were FIS = 0.0774, FIT = 0.16993, and FST = 0.10028, showing an elevated genetic distance with other creole breeds, but close to Argentine Creole, to another Creole of México and the Spanish Merino. Its genetic structure showed that it does not have any populational subdivision nor mixes with the others analyzed. It is concluded that it is a distinct and isolated population and is proposed as the creole breed "Chocholteca" for its conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mixteco Creole cattle is a little explored genetic resource, which, however, has great value due to its potential to be used in production systems that are respectful of the environment and adaptable to its conditions. The identification and characterization of this local resource is essential for its conservation and improvement. For this reason, in the present study it was carried out the analysis of the diversity and genetic relationships of the Mixteco Creole cattle population of Oaxaca, using 19 microsatellite DNA markers and 32 reference cattle populations belonging to the BIOBOVIS consortium of the CONBIAND Network. The mean number of alleles detected was 8.8 ± 2.1 and the estimated effective number of alleles was 4.5 ± 1.2. The genetic diversity represented by the expected (0.7700 ± 0.0682) and observed (0.7170 ± 0.0998) heterozygosity values was within the range of estimators obtained in previous studies with local cattle populations using microsatellite markers. An analysis of the population structure revealed a predominant influence of Iberian germplasm (Bos taurus). There is also a close relationship between the Mixteco Creole and the rest of the Mexican Creole cattle populations, with the exception of the Tropical Dairy Creole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]