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This paper presents a document analysis of the Norwegian qualification framework Professional Digital Competence Framework for Teachers (PDC) to explore the underlying assumptions within the policy. Employing a post-structural policy analysis, the paper analyses the representation of the 'problem' of PDC by asking what the document does in relation to teachers' professionalism. To do this, the analysis explores the underlying assumptions of the policy document and its construction of the problem. The paper argues that the policy document is constructing a particular image of a digital future and presenting the teacher as the 'problem' in realising this imagined future. The paper discusses the discursive effects of this policy and explores the implications for the teaching profession.

Purpose: The article unpacks potentials of and resistance towards facilitating meetings between refugee and non-refugee youth in global citizenship education. Design/methodology/approach: The analyses are based on participant observation in a school-based intervention in three locations, developed on the principles of design-based research [DBR]. Findings: The article exposes both how meetings between students could be deeply educational and how teachers prevent meaningful interaction between students out of concern for refugee students. Research limitations/implications: More research is needed on how students care for themselves and others in transformational learning contexts. Practical implications: Privileged teachers' concern for retraumatising students can veil unconscious protection of the privileged self against students' trauma and should therefore be subject to critical reflection.

Many European governments, including Norway, have ambitious educational policies regarding digitalisation. Many businesses and policymakers pay great attention to the use of digital technologies in education in order to meet the future demands for a competent and qualified workforce. Among researchers and policymakers, there is a general consensus that the professional teacher is a key figure for the successful implementation of digital technologies in schools. Many expectations have been placed upon professional teachers regarding the implementation and use of digital technologies. The professional teacher is, to a certain degree, supposed to independently decide how digital technologies should be used in the classroom. This paper discusses what the concept of a 'professional digitally competent teacher' may mean in the context of schools. It also argues the need for a greater understanding of professional digital competence, one which takes into consideration various social and cultural aspects with regard to technology, schools and the teaching profession. In unpacking the social and cultural conditions for implementing technology in a professional teaching context, I will draw on concepts from the constructivist understanding of technology, namely, the 'domestication of technology'.

This article investigates use of digital storytelling as a learning activity in education about migration. Based on a study in two Norwegian schools and two adult education centers for refugees and migrants, the article analyzes student's digital stories and observations of the process of production. Counter to research on the promise of digital storytelling to promote diverse perspectives, personal experience and creativity, our findings show that digital stories as a learning activity includes powerful standardization drivers. The standardization limits diversity in students' knowledge and experience from coming into view in the final product. The identified standardization drivers are: (1) discursive blueprints of refugee experience, including the narrative about the 'Good Refugee' and idealization of the destination country, (2) challenges with representing traumatic experiences through photographic imagery, and (3) material affordances in the production process such as google algorithms. In conclusion, we argue that critical engagement with the involved modalities and standardization drivers is a condition for using digital stories to foster critical thinking about migration.

This qualitative study explored the opportunities and challenges of wearable computers for supporting learning activities. Specifically, we address the following: (1) whether, and if so how, wearable technologies can be used to support learning in and across different subjects and (2) concerns that wearables raise regarding cyber ethics. Our findings suggest that the use of wearables in teaching and learning provides pedagogical opportunities in and across subjects, but this can be time-consuming for teachers and researchers. Furthermore, students were surprisingly unconcerned about privacy issues linked to the use of smartwatches.

In this article, we analysed the collaborative use of tablets (iPads) in a third-grade primary classroom in Norway where the pupils created fairy tales. The pupils worked in groups of five and shared an iPad in their group. We observed and recorded the story's development, which lasted a week, using video recordings and field notes. We explored the issue of role the tablet played in collaborative writing activities. We analysed data from a computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) perspective. Our findings suggest that the iPad supplemented the role of regulator for interactions in writing activities and that the mobility of the device contributed to the development of the story. However, it is the teacher's design of the classroom activity that is key to the role the iPad plays in collaborative writing activities.

The article is based on a national survey in Norway of the linguistic situation of deaf children. Parents, teachers, and children were asked to make judgments on topics related to the children's' language milieu at home and at school by means of detailed questions using two response methods: a language inventory and rating scales. The inventory is more detailed than those in other studies and required all three groups to consider not only the use of the two native languages, Norwegian and Norwegian Sign Language, but other forms combining sign and speech. The data revealed that languages used with the children included both native languages as well as various mixtures depending on context, situation, and the nature and purpose of the communication. The results are considered from the perspective of the amount and quality of language input and intake necessary for language acquisition and literacy. (Contains 1 table and 4 figures.)

By focusing on different subsequently implemented strategies for literacy teaching in the Norwegian primary and lower secondary schools, this paper offers a historical overview of some important aspects of learning conditions for minority children. On this basis, the paper addresses the interrelationship between different strategies of literacy teaching and integration in a more general sense.

Temperature is projected to increase in Norway over the next 50 yr. Even though it is supposed to increase most during winter, the expected temperature increase in the summer as well as in spring and autumn will lead to a longer thermal growing season all over the country. The growing degree-day sum within the growing season is projected to increase all over the country. The largest increase is projected to occur along the western coast of Norway, while the smallest change is projected to occur in the high mountainous part of the country. The study is based on empirically downscaled temperature data from ECHAM4/OPYC3 with the GSDIO integration. The results are obtained with a spatially distributed model for which downscaled temperature data are used as input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]