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Continental earthquakes, especially shallow earthquakes, can cause disasters in populated areas. On 20 May 2016, a moderate magnitude earthquake (Mw 6.0) ruptured on Northern Territory of Australia. With the aim of seismic hazard assessment, coseismic and postsesmic deformation of the Petermann earthquake has been determined using ALOS-2 ascending and Sentinel-1A descending images. The coseismic deformation field suggests that the earthquake ruptured in the NNW direction with a length of about 20 km, a rake angle of 57.1° and a moment magnitude of Mw 6.06. The maximum slip of 1.31 m can be observed at the depth of 1.25 km. The small baseline subset (SBAS) InSAR was utilized to obtain the postseismic deformation from 69 Sentinel-1A images in a descending orbit. The spatiotemporal evolution of the postseismic deformation presents a gradually decaying trend, with a maximum displacement of 5.4 cm within 858 days after the mainshock. Our afterslip model suggests that the maximum slip of 0.28 m occurred at the depth of 0.25 km with a slight shift to the northwest compared to the coseismic slip. The static Coulomb failure stress (CFS) changes at various depths were calculated, indicating the consistency between high loaded stress zones and aftershock distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]