1. Spatiotemporal genotype replacement of H5N8 avian influenza viruses contributed to H5N1 emergence in 2021/2022 panzootic.
- Author
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Jinfeng Zeng, Fanshu Du, Linna Xiao, Honglei Sun, Lu Lu, Weipan Lei, Jialu Zheng, Lu Wang, Sicheng Shu, Yudong Li, Qiang Zhang, Kang Tang, Qianru Sun, Chi Zhang, Haoyu Long, Zekai Qiu, Ke Zhai, Zhichao Li, Geli Zhang, and Yipeng Sun
- Subjects
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AVIAN influenza , *INFLUENZA A virus, H5N1 subtype , *MIGRATION flyways , *BIRD migration , *GENOTYPES - Abstract
Since 2020, clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 and H5N1 viruses have swept through continents, posing serious threats to the world. Through comprehensive analyses of epidemiological, genetic, and bird migration data, we found that the dominant genotype replacement of the H5N8 viruses in 2020 contributed to the H5N1 outbreak in the 2021/2022 wave. The 2020 outbreak of the H5N8 G1 genotype instead of the G0 genotype produced reassortment opportunities and led to the emergence of a new H5N1 virus with G1's HA and MP genes. Despite extensive reassortments in the 2021/2022 wave, the H5N1 virus retained the HA and MP genes, causing a significant outbreak in Europe and North America. Furtherly, through the wild bird migration flyways investigation, we found that the temporal-spatial coincidence between the outbreak of the H5N8 G1 virus and the bird autumn migration may have expanded the H5 viral spread, which may be one of the main drivers of the emergence of the 2020-2022 H5 panzootic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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