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Acer negundo (Boxelder) is a common tree in eastern North America. Fruits are paired samaras that mature in late summer but persist on trees for months. We examined temporal variation in predation rates by small mammals by attaching samaras to sewing bobbins in a forest in northeastern Wisconsin. We placed samaras in groups of 5 along transects and checked them regularly across 2 fall and 2 spring seasons to determine seed fates. Of the 6702 seeds, 15.26% were consumed, 81.41% were left intact, and 3.33% were aborted. Predation rates were higher in fall than in spring. Granivorous mammals did not secondarily disperse seeds but instead acted solely as seed predators. Releasing seeds over a longer period of time than other species of maples allows trees to increase seed survival by experiencing varying soil conditions and predation rates. Retained sterile fruits may act as decoys that decrease predation rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2019, the United States National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) surveyed raw salmon, shrimp, and tilapia from retail grocery outlets in eight states to assess the prevalence of bacterial contamination and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the isolates. Prevalence of the targeted bacterial genera ranged among the commodities: Salmonella (0%–0.4%), Aeromonas (19%–26%), Vibrio (7%–43%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.8%–2.3%), Staphylococcus (23%–30%), and Enterococcus (39%–66%). Shrimp had the highest odds (OR: 2.8, CI: 2.0–3.9) of being contaminated with at least one species of these bacteria, as were seafood sourced from Asia vs. North America (OR: 2.7; CI: 1.8–4.7) and Latin America and the Caribbean vs. North America (OR: 1.6; CI: 1.1–2.3) and seafood sold at the counter vs. sold frozen (OR: 2.1; CI: 1.6–2.9). Isolates exhibited pan-susceptibility (Salmonella and P. aeruginosa) or low prevalence of resistance (<10%) to most antimicrobials tested, with few exceptions. Seafood marketed as farm-raised had lower odds of contamination with antimicrobial resistant bacteria compared to wild-caught seafood (OR: 0.4, CI: 0.2–0.7). Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were detected for various classes of medically important antimicrobials. Clinically relevant ARGs included carbapenemases (bla IMI-2, bla NDM-1) and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs; bla CTX-M-55). This population-scale study of AMR in seafood sold in the United States provided the basis for NARMS seafood monitoring, which began in 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurial cities in North America are strategically using sport for the purposes of marketing communities as attractive places to live, attractive places to visit, and attractive places to invest. However, how sport is used, and who is behind the strategic actions of cities remains a more nebulous concept. This paper focuses on the role of urban regimes -- the networks of political and business elites in cities -- involved in local decision-making strategies related to sport. Three areas of focus, sports franchises, sporting events, and sports facilities, are reviewed in terms of the involvement of both public and private sector interests. In doing so, this article bridges the management of place and the management of sport in an attempt to generate insight into how sport fits into civic strategies, and how cities have sought to gain status through sport-related development initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]