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The quality of teacher-student relationships (TSRs) has been shown to predict various academic and social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes for adolescent students and is also one of the most important aspects of teacher wellbeing. Therefore, measures of TSRs are essential for schools as they provide insight into the quality of these relationships. Many theoretical frameworks have been used to explain the importance of TSRs, yet conceptualizations of TSRs in the literature have narrowly focused on Western cultures. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the varied conceptualizations of TSRs across cultures by examining the items across student and teacher-reported measures of adolescent TSRs. A review of the literature identified 25 rating scale measures of TSRs that had been specifically developed and validated for use with adolescents across Asia, Europe, and North America. Thematic analysis suggested six major themes that are relevant to adolescent TSRs: positive teaching qualities; negative interpersonal interactions; classroom management; instructional methods; positive student qualities, and classroom climate. How these themes were conceptualized, however, varied by geographic region.