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Introduction: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at an increased risk of adverse perinatal and maternal morbidities and mortalities. Hence, early detection and management of this condition is vital to ensure a good outcome for both mother and baby. Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for GDM among antenatal attendees in Federal Medical Centre Gusau (FMCG), Zamfara state, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. Screening was done between 24 and 28-weeks gestational age with a 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Plasma glucose measurements was performed using the glucose oxidase method. GDM was diagnosed according to the 2013 WHO diagnostic criteria. Data were collected using a proforma and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 26. Descriptive data were presented in frequency tables. Statistical testing using Chisquare, and multivariate analysis (Odd ratio and CI) were carried out with a level of significance set as P< 0.05. Results: One hundred and thirty-six women between the gestational ages of 24-28 weeks were recruited. The mean age of the participants was 25.9±5.4 years. The prevalence of GDM was found to be 16.9%. Fasting blood glucose alone correctly diagnosed 87% of the patients. Previous history of macrosomic babies (≥4kg) and history of GDM in previous pregnancies were significantly associated with GDM. Conclusion: The prevalence of GDM is high among antenatal attendees in Federal Medical center, Gusau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bread is a staple food across the world, especially in Nigeria. Potassium bromate is widely used by bakers to enhance bread elasticity, functionality, and quality. Due to its toxicity, the use of potassium bromate in bread production in Nigeria was banned by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC); the regulatory agency for food and pharmaceutical products in 2003. This review aims to assess the compliance levels of potassium bromate used in the production of low and high-cost bread consumed across Nigeria. 17 selected articles across the six geopolitical zones were evaluated. This review identified that most of the bread sold and consumed in Nigeria contained potassium bromate in quantities above the permissible limit. Surprisingly, even bread labeled as "bromate-free", "with NAFDAC registration number" and sold at high-costs also contained potassium bromate in excess concentration. This implies that many bread sold in Nigeria are unsafe for human consumption. Due to the deleterious effects of potassium bromate, its continual usage and consumption above the safe limit is a threat to the total well-being of the consumers. Its use in the bread-making industry also poses a serious health occupational hazard to bakers. Bread makers should opt for other alternative dough conditioners such as ascorbic acid, glucose oxidase, and potassium iodate for bread production. NAFDAC should put in more proactive measures to ensure constant monitoring of food products pre-and post-production to guarantee adherence to its regulatory standards and the safety of human life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]