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The Economic situation in most Third World countries since independence have not shown signs of improvement. The result is that those at the prime of their lives which would have stirred the economy to greater height are moving en masse out of the area in search of greener pastures elsewhere especially across the desert into Europe, a situation that has negatively affected her development over the years in these Third World Countries using Nigeria as example. The impact-effect as well as the how, why and when of this is what this paper intends to interrogate as it relates to the Nigerian situation as well as those of her neighbours especially in the last two centuries using the facts and lessons of history. Data obtained from primary and secondary sources (literature review and content analysis) were deployed to carry out the study with an analytical and narrative historical method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This article presents a pilot and baseline African Green Growth Index (AGGI). The work is premised on the importance of Africa implementing green growth strategies. Baseline indicators allow countries to monitor progress towards green growth transition. The AGGI incorporates 48 indicators applied to 22 countries that had the requisite data. What emerges is that 18 out of the 22 African countries sampled scored 50 percentage points and above. The countries scoring below this threshold were: Egypt, Algeria, Nigeria and South Africa. The top five countries on the AGGI (as ranked from 1−5) were: Namibia, Zambia, Ghana, Tanzania and Togo. The authors recommend that for wider acceptance across the continent, the AGGI should work towards incorporating all 54 nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author looks at economic conditions in the developing countries as of 2013, presenting a critique of the role played by multinational corporations (MNCs) in international economic relations. He takes issue with the claim that MNCs support economic development by providing capital and transferring technology. He discusses the political influence wielded by MNCs, saying they undermine the sovereignty of developing countries and citing examples including the influence of international oil companies in Nigeria. Other topics include U.S. foreign policy in relation to corporate interests, labor unions in developing countries, and human rights violations.

The article discusses the impact globalization and international relations has had on social and political conditions in Africa since the 1960s and 1970s. The author discusses his fieldwork in West Africa, noting the effects neoliberalism and global disasters such as famine and oil shortages have on the population of Nigeria. Examining the trend of historical revisionism in the country, the author cites Marxist and Muslim influences on Nigeria's economic conditions. The lack of development and low standard of living in Nigeria despite a large annual revenue from oil export is also addressed.

The article examines the growth of the middle class population in developing countries. Over 1.2 billion people have entered what economists define as the global middle class since 1990, and that increase is forecast to continue, likely at a more rapid pace. The self-perpetuating nature of such economic development is considered through examples of specific individuals in various countries. The political and social impact of middle class expansion is discussed. Nigeria is used as an example of a developing country where the lack of social and political infrastructure such as an equitable legal system and educational system, coupled with political corruption, have hampered the growth of a middle class. The environmental impact of a dramatic increase in consumption in the world's economy is considered.

Information Technology (IT) is a viable tool that has turned things around in the whole world. Nigeria, "the giant of Africa," has also witnessed tremendous transformations as a result of IT deployment. IT has radically changed how we think, work, and live. The government at all levels is introducing deliberate policies aimed at integrating IT into the fabric of lives, and several strategies are evolving to enable the country to exploit IT for progress and development. Women as labor force or entrepreneurs are hit strongly by the digital divide, especially in developing countries. As a growing part of labor force and economy, women need training, access to information, and financial resources so that they can enhance and benefit from the use of IT. Gender mainstreaming and the needs of women need to be taken into account in ensuring that IT contributes to women's development in Nigeria. Fundamental to this is recognizing that women are not a homogeneous grouping and have diverse needs that arise from differences in geopolitical location and historical, class-based, racial, ethnic, and religious background. Overall special gender considerations call for women's empowerment. There is need for conscious special efforts to ensure women's entry into and receipt of equitable benefits from all spheres of life. Practical steps can be taken to empower women, especially using IT. Issues included are empowering Nigerian women using IT for poverty reduction, community women's participation in IT, women's education in IT, reducing the gender gap using IT as a tool, IT as a communication tool for women, creating a culture of IT use among women, and the roles of government and civil society in improving and increasing women's participation in IT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The population of Lagos, the largest city in Nigeria, increased seven times from 1950 to 1980 with a current population of over 10 million inhabitants. The majority of the city’s residents are poor. The residents make a heavy demand on resources and, at the same time, generate large quantities of solid waste. Approximately 4 million tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) is generated annually in the city, including approximately 0.5 million of untreated industrial waste. This is approximately 1.1kg/cap/day. Efforts by the various waste management agencies set up by the state government to keep its streets and neighborhoods clean have achieved only minimal success. This is because more than half of these wastes are left uncollected from the streets and the various locations due to the inadequacy and inefficiency of the waste management system. Whilst the benefits of proper solid waste management (SWM), such as increased revenues for municipal bodies, higher productivity rate, improved sanitation standards and better health conditions, cannot be overemphasized, it is important that there is a reduction in the quantity of recoverable materials in residential and commercial waste streams to minimize the problem of MSW disposal. This paper examines the status of recovery and recycling in current waste management practice in Lagos, Nigeria. Existing recovery and recycling patterns, recovery and recycling technologies, approaches to materials recycling, and the types of materials recovered from MSW are reviewed. Based on these, strategies for improving recovery and recycling practices in the management of MSW in Lagos, Nigeria are suggested. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Archaeology as a discipline deals with fossilised human behaviour. It can provide Third World states like Nigeria with reliable information about the past, which can be used by government to plan present and future endeavours. This paper examines the meaning of archaeology and the processes involved in archaeological excavation and interpretation. The paper concludes that if given its proper position, archaeology can help Nigeria in its quest for sustainable development by serving as a good source of foreign exchange earnings as is the case with such Third World states as Kenya, Tanzania, Egypt among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines some of the paradoxes and dilemmas facing firms in the extractive sector when they attempt to take on a more stakeholder-responsive orientation towards issues of environmental and social responsibility. We describe the case of Shell and the Ogoni and attempt to draw out some of the lessons of that case for more sustainable operations in the developing world. We argue that firms such as Shell, Rio Tinto and others may well exhibit increasingly stakeholder-responsive behaviours at the corporate, strategic level. However for reasons of strategy, lack of competency or institutional will this increasing level of corporate responsiveness may not be mirrored effectively in dealings between subsidiary business units and their most important direct stakeholders: for example local communities and in the developing world. We contrast the struggles of Shell to replicate its corporate stakeholder-responsiveness at the local level in Nigeria with the experiences of other firms that seem to have developed managerial capabilities at a somewhat deeper level throughout the firm with consequent benefits both for stakeholders and the business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, international economic pressures have induced Nigeria to adopt a program of economic liberalization and deregulation. Advocates of the reforms tout their potential not only for generating greater economic growth, but also for contributing to more responsible corporate governance. Sceptics abound. This paper provides an account of the nature of corporate governance in Nigeria and investigates the prospects for recent reforms contributing to more responsible governance and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]