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Background: Although flow diverter device (FDD) has brought revolutionized advances in endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms, it also presents considerable drawbacks as well, as the innovation for novel device has never stopped. This preclinical research aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a newly developed FDD, the EMBOPIPE, through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Methods: Aneurysms were induced in 20 New Zealand white rabbits which were randomized to three follow-up groups according to the time elapsed after EMBOPIPE implantation (28, 90, and 180 days). Additional EMBOPIPEs were implanted in the abdominal aorta to cover the renal artery in nine rabbits. Angiography was performed immediately after device placement in all groups. Aneurysm occlusion, patency of renal arteries, and pathological outcomes were assessed. For the in vitro experiments, we measured the thrombogenic potential of EMBOPIPEs (n = 5) compared with bare stents (n = 5) using the Chandler loop model. Evaluation indicators were the platelet counts, macroscopic observations and scanning electron microscopy. Results: EMBOPIPEs were successfully deployed in 19 of 20 rabbit aneurysms (95.0%). The rates of complete or near-complete aneurysm occlusion were 73.3%, 83.3%, and 100% in the 28-, 90-, and 180-day groups, respectively. All renal arteries covered by EMBOPIPEs remained patent, and the mean difference in renal artery diameter before and after the device placement in the three groups was 0.07 mm, 0.10 mm, and 0.10 mm, respectively (p = 0.77). Renal pathology was normal in all cases. The pathological findings of the aneurysms were as follows: thickened and adequate neointimal coverage at the aneurysm neck, minimal inflammatory response, near-complete smooth muscle cell layer, and endothelialization along the device. In vitro experiments showed that the platelet counts were significantly higher in EMBOPIPE blood samples than in bare stent samples and that platelet adhesion to the device was lower in the EMBOPIPE stent struts compared with bare stent struts through macroscopic observations and scanning electron microscopy. Conclusions: The EMBOPIPE can achieve high rates of aneurysm occlusion while maintaining excellent branch artery patency. It exhibited wonderful pathological results. This novel device with phosphorylcholine surface modification could reduce platelet thrombus attached to the stent struts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Due to thromboembolic complications and in-stent-stenosis after flow diverter (FD) treatment, the long-term use of dual antiplatelet treatment (DAPT) is mandatory. The tested nano-coating has been shown to reduce material thrombogenicity and promote endothelial cell proliferation in vitro. We compared the biocompatibility of coated (Derivo Heal) and non-coated (Derivo bare) FDs with DAPT in an animal model. Methods: Derivo® bare (n = 10) and Derivo® Heal (n = 10) FD were implanted in the common carotid arteries (CCAs) of New Zealand white rabbits. One additional FD, alternately a Derivo bare (n = 5) or Derivo Heal (n = 5), was implanted in the abdominal aorta (AA) for assessment of the patency of branch arteries. Histopathological examinations were performed after 28 days. Angiography was performed before and after FD implantation and at follow-up. Results: Statistical analysis of the included specimens showed complete endothelialization of all FDs with no significant differences in neointima thickness between Derivo® bare and Derivo® Heal (CCA: p = 0.91; AA: p = 0.59). A significantly reduced number of macrophages in the vessel wall of the Derivo Heal was observed for the CCA (p = 0.02), and significantly reduced fibrin and platelet deposition on the surface of the Derivo Heal was observed for the AA. All branch arteries of the stented aorta remained patent. Conclusion: In this animal model, the novel fibrin-based coated FD showed a similar blood and tissue compatibility as the non-coated FD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to fabricate and characterize zein-encapsulated Litsea cubeba oil nanoparticles (NZ/LCO) and evaluate its effect on pork preservation. The formation, morphology, interactions, thermal stability, antibacterial and antioxidant properties and in vitro release of NZ/LCO were investigated. NZ/LCO showed a spherical shape with a smooth outer wall under scanning electron microscope. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that there were hydrogen bonding interactions between Litsea cubeba oil (LCO) and zein. The glass transition temperature of NZ/LCO was higher than that of zein nanoparticles by differential scanning calorimetry. Encapsulation of LCO in zein improved antibacterial and antioxidant activities of LCO. The antibacterial effect of NZ/LCO against Staphylococcus aureus was stronger than that against Escherichia coli. NZ/LCO exhibited sustained and pH-dependent release of LCO in vitro , and the release was faster in pH 4.5 buffer than in pH 7 buffer. When the ratio of zein to LCO was 1:0.5, the particle size and polydispersity index of NZ/LCO were 128.3 nm and 0.148, respectively, and its performance was the best. Compared with the coating containing free LCO, the coating containing NZ/LCO had better preservation effect on pork because it better delayed the changes in color, pH and texture of pork, and inhibited lipid oxidation and microbial growth more effectively. The findings suggest that NZ/LCO has a high potential for pork preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Titanium is the gold standard among materials used for prosthetic devices because of its good mechanical and chemical properties. When exposed to oxygen, titanium becomes an oxide that is biocompatible and able to induce osseointegration. There are three allotropic forms of titanium dioxide: brookite, rutile and anatase. Anatase can be prepared as a colloidal suspension and then used to coat surfaces. Anatase coating (AC) can potentially have specific biologic effects. Materials and Methods: We tested the effect of AC on bone in an in vivo study by using spiral dental implants covered with AC and then inserted in rabbit tibia. Results: The histologic analysis has demonstrated that (1) bone growth is equal around AC and standard fixtures but (2) AC fixtures have an antibacterical propriety that protect implants from subsequent peri-implantitis. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the AC implant inserted in rabbit tibia guarantees good osseointegration of normal titanium implants providing an addition antibacterical propriety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]