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Background: Clinicians caring for kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) most commonly use estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to guide medication dosing as it is the most readily available measure of kidney function. Which eGFR equations provide the most accurate medication dosing guidance for KTRs remains uncertain., Methods: We studied 415 stable KTRs in Canada and New Zealand. Participants completed same-day measurements of creatinine and cystatin C and measured GFR (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid). Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration, European Kidney Function Consortium, and transplant-specific eGFR equations were compared with both Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance (CrCl) and measured GFR. eGFR equations were assessed both indexed to a standardized body surface area (BSA) of 1.73 m 2 (milliliter per minute per 1.73 m 2 , as is conventional reporting from most clinical laboratories) and nonindexed (milliliter per minute) accounting for actual BSA. The primary outcome was the proportion of medication dosing discordance relative to Cockcroft-Gault CrCl or measured GFR for 8 commonly prescribed medications. Stratified analyses were performed on the basis of obesity status., Results: Nonindexed eGFR equations (milliliter per minute) resulted in substantially lower medication dosing discordance compared with indexed eGFR equations (milliliter per minute per 1.73 m 2 ). These findings were most pronounced among KTRs with obesity, in whom underdosing was frequent. When compared with Cockcroft-Gault CrCl, the lowest proportion of discordance was found with the nonindexed 2023 transplant-specific equation. When compared with measured GFR, the lowest proportion of discordance was found with the nonindexed 2021 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Cr/CysC equation., Conclusions: Nonindexed eGFR values accounting for actual BSA should be used by clinicians for medication dosing in KTRs. These findings may inform KT providers about which eGFR equations provide the safest, most accurate medication dosing guidance for KTRs., Competing Interests: A.A. received speaker fees from AstraZeneca and holds research grants from Otsuka, all outside of the submitted work. M.M.S. received speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Otsuka, Bayer, and GlaxoSmithKline, all outside of the submitted work. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)