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The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on tendon healing in rabbits. A total of 30 adult healthy New Zealand rabbits were used for this study. The rabbits were randomly allocated into 3 groups containing an equal animal number. The experimental tenotomy of the Achilles tendons was created on longitudinal aspect with 10 mm in length. During the postoperative 21-day of period, rabbits in Group I were exposed to laser beam at a rate of 10.8 J/cm2 in 5 cm2 area for 4 min. In the same period, 30% DMSO solution was applied externally to the injured tendon region for Group II. Saline solution was applied to the injured tendons area for Group III. Daily clinical examinations of each rabbit were recorded during the treatment period. At the end of the 21-day treatment period, all rabbits were euthanized and their tendons were examined macroscopically. Histopathological examination of the tendons was then carried out. Immature and mature connective tissue cells had an equal number of distribution in Group I; mild immature connective tissue cells and mostly mature connective tissue cells were observed in Group II, and partially longitudinal, scattered, and irregularly arranged, immature connective tissue cells (fibroblasts) were observed in Group III. As a result, satisfactory findings were obtained from LLLT and DMSO applications for the treatment of tendon injuries taking into consideration the histopathological and clinical findings. Moreover, DMSO provided a better recovery when these two applications were compared. However, it was suggested that combined application of DMSO and LLLT might have a strong positive effect on the healing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Whether the use of balanced multielectrolyte solution (BMES) in preference to 0.9% sodium chloride solution (saline) in critically ill patients reduces the risk of acute kidney injury or death is uncertain.Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, we assigned critically ill patients to receive BMES (Plasma-Lyte 148) or saline as fluid therapy in the intensive care unit (ICU) for 90 days. The primary outcome was death from any cause within 90 days after randomization. Secondary outcomes were receipt of new renal-replacement therapy and the maximum increase in the creatinine level during ICU stay.Results: A total of 5037 patients were recruited from 53 ICUs in Australia and New Zealand - 2515 patients were assigned to the BMES group and 2522 to the saline group. Death within 90 days after randomization occurred in 530 of 2433 patients (21.8%) in the BMES group and in 530 of 2413 patients (22.0%) in the saline group, for a difference of -0.15 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], -3.60 to 3.30; P = 0.90). New renal-replacement therapy was initiated in 306 of 2403 patients (12.7%) in the BMES group and in 310 of 2394 patients (12.9%) in the saline group, for a difference of -0.20 percentage points (95% CI, -2.96 to 2.56). The mean (±SD) maximum increase in serum creatinine level was 0.41±1.06 mg per deciliter (36.6±94.0 μmol per liter) in the BMES group and 0.41±1.02 mg per deciliter (36.1±90.0 μmol per liter) in the saline group, for a difference of 0.01 mg per deciliter (95% CI, -0.05 to 0.06) (0.5 μmol per liter [95% CI, -4.7 to 5.7]). The number of adverse and serious adverse events did not differ meaningfully between the groups.Conclusions: We found no evidence that the risk of death or acute kidney injury among critically ill adults in the ICU was lower with the use of BMES than with saline. (Funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and the Health Research Council of New Zealand; PLUS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02721654.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the effect of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AAD-MSC), with and without synthetic absorbable hydroxyapatite (HAP-91), on the bone regeneration in rabbits. Thirty-four female white New Zealand rabbits were submitted to a 10 mm distal diaphyseal radius ostectomy, divided into 3 experimental groups according to the treatment established. The bone gap was filled with 0.15 ml of a 0.9% saline solution containing two million AAD-MSC (G1), or AAD-MSC associated with HAP-91 (G2). The control group (CG) received only 0.15 ml of the 0.9% saline solution. Radiographs were made post-operatively, and after 15, 30, 45 and 90 days. Fifty percent of the samples were submitted to a histological examination at 45 days and the remaining ones at 90 days post-operatively. Radiographically, the periosteal reaction, bone callus volume and bone bridge quality were superior in G2 (P < 0.05). Histologically, the bone repair was faster and more efficient in G1 at 45 days (P < 0.05). In conclusion, AAD-MSC improved the regeneration on the experimentally induced bone defects in rabbits; however, the use of hydroxyapatite requires caution given the granulomatous reaction produced in the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the possible adverse effects and safe dose range of intravitreal colistin, an antibiotic, after its intravitreal application. Twenty eyes of 20 adult male and female New Zealand white rabbits were selected. Various concentrations of colistin were prepared. In each rabbit, 0.1 mL of colistin solution or saline solution was injected intravitreally into the right eye. Electroretinographic recordings were taken before and 2 weeks after injection. Histopathological examination was made using a light microscope following enucleation and fixation procedures. In histopathologic cross-sections, the differences between drug-injected eyes and control eyes were evaluated. Electroretinographic examination showed a decrease of 30% as a significant value in the a and b wave amplitudes of the rabbits that injected 400 µg/0.1 ml and higher concentrations. Histological examination revealed histiocytic infiltration, histiocytic vacuoles, inflammation, and retinal degeneration in rabbit eyes given 400 µg/0.1 ml, 800 µg/0.1 ml, and 1.6 mg/0.1 ml concentrations of colistin. Based on our findings, the safe concentration of colistin is 0.2 mg/0.1 ml. Administration of 0.4 mg/0.1 ml was associated with cataract development, electrophysiological depression, and pathological changes in retinal layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: To investigate the effects of submucosal platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection on nasal mucosal wound healing after endoscopic sinus surgery. Methods: 24 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. To mimic surgery, injury was created using 3-mm punch forceps on ventral turbinate mucosa for all groups. Submucosal PRP was injected to the damaged mucosa in the first group (PRP group, n = 8), where 0.9% saline solution to the second group (saline group, n = 8) and no injection to the third one (control group, n = 8). All the animals were sacrificed 14 days after surgery; histopathological examination and hydroxyproline measurements were performed on the mucosa of all groups. Results: Neutrophils, goblet cells, and collagen intensity were found significantly lower (p < 0.05) in PRP group than the control group. Also, the number of ciliary and goblet cells, and collagen intensity were found significantly lower (p < 0.05) in PRP group, than the saline group. In PRP group, hydroxyproline levels were found (p < 0.05) significantly lower than the saline and the control group, and no significant difference was found between the saline group and the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: There are many studies in literature showing the positive effects of PRP on wound healing. The results of this study also demonstrated positive effects of PRP on the nasal mucosa. According to these results, PRP injection to the injured nasal mucosa showed anti-inflammatory, mucus-softening, and synechia-reducing effects. Therefore, submucosal PRP injection after endonasal surgeries can be considered an effective application for maintaining nasal physiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wound healing process is major cause of glaucoma surgery failure and enhances the incapability of controlling the IOP. This aim of study was to evaluate the angiogenesis effect of Bevacizumab injection on the amount and density of blood vessels in the rabbit model after trabeculectomy. It was a true experimental study using 16 eyes of 16 New Zealand White Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) that divided into two groups. The control group was treated with 0.05 ml of Balanced Saline Solution (BSS). The experimental group was treated with subconjunctival injection of 1.25 mg Bevacizumab in 0.05 BSS. All rabbit was sacrificed, and the eye was enucleated. Thus, the bleb area was dissected after 14 days. Histopathological analysis was performed to evaluate the amount and density of blood vessels. The mean amount of blood vessels in the control group was 22.63 ± 11.02, and the experimental group was 14,75 ± 4.92 (p=0.043). The mean of blood vessel density in the control group was 19.10 ± 1.69 %, and the experimental group was 16.53 ± 2.90 % (p=0.029)%. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05). Subconjunctival bevacizumab in the rabbit model reduces the amount and density of blood vessels compared with subconjunctival BSS injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the effect of bevacizumab in an experimental rabbit model of corneal neovascularization. Methods: The right eyes of 24 white New Zealand rabbits were included in a corneal neovascularization model using alkaline burn. They were divided into four groups. Topical bevacizumab was installed three times daily in group 1, 5 mg bevacizumab subconjunctivally every 2 days in group 2, 10 mg bevacizumab subconjunctivally every 2 days in group 3 and 0.2 cc of normal saline in the same way in group 4 (control group). All eyes were treated for 7 days. Then the animals were killed and corneal specimens sent for histopathological analysis. Tear film and aqueous humour samples were obtained to assess vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Results: Seven days after topical bevacizumab treatment the neovascular index in group 1 was lower than that in the control group ( P = 0.028). In groups 2 and 3 the neovascular index was lower 2 days after subconjunctival bevacizumab treatment than that in control group ( P = 0.009 and P = 0.009, respectively). In the control group the VEGF level in aqueous humour increased by 66% from day 7 to 14. In groups 1–3 it decreased by 49.80%, 70.20% and 76.44%, respectively ( P = 0.043). The VEGF level in tear film of the control group increased by 35.23% from day 7 to 14, which was not significant ( P = 0.893), while in groups 1–3 it decreased by 57.26%, 34.59% and 67.97%, respectively, which was only significant in groups 1 and 3 ( P = 0.043). Conclusions: Subconjunctival 5 mg/mL bevacizumab is effective in reducing corneal neovascularization in animal models and in reducing VEGF levels. Further research is needed to assess the potential side effects and minimal effective dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous material used to improve bone regeneration when associated with bone grafts. It affects tissue angiogenesis, increasing the healing process and, theoretically, presenting potential to increase bone neoformation. The aim of this study was to verify, histomorphometrically, the effects of the association of PRF to a xenograft. Twelve adult white New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned into two groups containing six animals each. After general anesthesia of the animals, two critical defects of 12 mm were created in the rabbit calvaria, one on each side of the sagittal line. Each defect was filled with the following biomaterials: in the control group (CG), xenograft hydrated with saline solution filling one defect and xenograft hydrated with saline solution covered with collagen membrane on the other side; in the test group (TG), xenograft associated with PRF filling the defect of one side and xenograft associated with PRF covered with collagen membrane on the other side. After eight weeks the animals were euthanized and a histomorphometric analysis was performed. The results showed that in the sites that were covered with collagen membrane, there was no statistically significant difference for all the analyzed parameters. However, when comparing the groups without membrane coverage, a statistically significant difference could be observed for the vital mineralized tissue (VMT) and nonmineralized tissue (NMT) parameters, with more VMT in the test group and more NMT in the control group. Regarding the intragroup comparison, the use of the membrane coverage presented significant outcomes in both groups. Therefore, in this experimental model, PRF did not affect the levels of bone formation when a membrane coverage technique was used. However, higher levels of bone formation were observed in the test group when membrane coverage was not used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the results of the Saline versus Albumin Fluid Evaluation study conducted in intensive care units in Australia and New Zealand. Organizations that supported the study; Information on albumin; Number of patients involved in the study.