1. Paths to panic disorder/agoraphobia: an exploratory analysis from age 3 to 21 in an unselected birth cohort.
- Author
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Craske MG, Poulton R, Tsao JC, and Plotkin D
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Agoraphobia diagnosis, Agoraphobia epidemiology, Agoraphobia etiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, New Zealand epidemiology, Panic Disorder diagnosis, Personality Development, Temperament, Mass Screening, Panic Disorder epidemiology, Panic Disorder etiology
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate childhood temperamental traits and early illness experiences in the etiology of adult panic disorder with agoraphobia., Method: Evaluated temperamental and illness experience factors, at ages 3 through 18, as predictors of panic and agoraphobia at ages 18 or 21 in an unselected sample (N = 992). Analyses were conducted with classification trees., Results: Experience with respiratory ill health predicted panic/agoraphobia relative to other anxiety disorders and healthy controls. Also, temperamental emotional reactivity at age 3 predicted panic/agoraphobia in males but did not predict other anxiety disorders, compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, temperament and ill health interacted with gender., Conclusions: Results are discussed in terms of cognitive theories of fear of physical symptoms and biological models of respiratory disturbance for panic/agoraphobia.
- Published
- 2001
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