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Foley urinary catheters were coated with chlorhexidine‐loaded nanoparticles (CHX‐NPs), encapsulated in the form of micelles and nanospheres. Both of nanoparticles were deposited by multilayer nanocoating through dip and spray coating on the catheter surface both inner and outer surface. In our previous studies, the nanocoating of Foley urinary catheters was studied for chlorhexidine release, degradation, antibacterial evaluation, cytotoxicity assessment, hemocompatibility, skin irritation, skin sensitization, and stability during storage. The results demonstrated the antimicrobial functions and biocompatibility of the coated catheters. In this study, coated urinary catheters were inserted in the bladders of rabbits for 7 day to investigate their efficacy. Histopathology results showed no inflammation, redness, or swelling on bladder and urethra tissues. Surface morphology comparison of uncoated catheters in the control group and coated catheters in the treatment group revealed more encrustation and crystallization on uncoated catheter than on coated catheter, indicating that catheters coated with CHX‐NPs showed efficacy in delaying encrustation and bacterial colonization. These findings suggest that nanocoating of urinary catheters can potentially enhance the biocompatibility of medical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Titanium is the gold standard among materials used for prosthetic devices because of its good mechanical and chemical properties. When exposed to oxygen, titanium becomes an oxide that is biocompatible and able to induce osseointegration. There are three allotropic forms of titanium dioxide: brookite, rutile and anatase. Anatase can be prepared as a colloidal suspension and then used to coat surfaces. Anatase coating (AC) can potentially have specific biologic effects. Materials and Methods: We tested the effect of AC on bone in an in vivo study by using spiral dental implants covered with AC and then inserted in rabbit tibia. Results: The histologic analysis has demonstrated that (1) bone growth is equal around AC and standard fixtures but (2) AC fixtures have an antibacterical propriety that protect implants from subsequent peri-implantitis. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the AC implant inserted in rabbit tibia guarantees good osseointegration of normal titanium implants providing an addition antibacterical propriety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]