16 results on '"King, C"'
Search Results
2. EAL Undergraduates Learning Mathematics
- Author
-
Barton, B., Chan, R., King, C., Neville-Barton, P., and Sneddon, J.
- Abstract
This paper reports on a third study in a series aimed at investigating the issues surrounding the learning of mathematics at The University of Auckland by students who have English as an Additional Language (EAL students). As well as summarizing the earlier studies, it presents some new data showing that the problems experienced by EAL students are not experienced by first language English students (L1 students). The consequences of these studies for undergraduate mathematics at The University of Auckland are explored using English language proficiency data for the whole of the 2005 undergraduate mathematics cohort. This data shows that the consequences of having large numbers of EAL students in an undergraduate mathematics cohort are likely to be much more important than expected, and that recent initiatives to raise literacy entrance levels are having some effect. (Contains 3 tables.)
- Published
- 2005
3. Retention of internal teat sealants over the dry period and their efficacy in reducing clinical and subclinical mastitis at calving.
- Author
-
Bates, A.J., King, C., Dhar, M., Fitzpatrick, C., and Laven, R.A.
- Subjects
- *
MASTITIS , *SEALING compounds , *LACTATION , *BINOMIAL distribution , *MINERAL oils , *SILICA , *SUPPLY chain management , *MARINE debris - Abstract
Internal teat sealants (ITS) reduce the risk of new intramammary infections over the dry period by forming a physical barrier to pathogen ingress. As the first and last 2 wk of the dry period are high-risk periods for new infections, maintaining an effective barrier in this period is a key requirement. Few studies have systematically examined sealant retention and none have done so under New Zealand pastoral conditions, where cows frequently move to separate grazing for dry periods, typically 80 to 90 d long. This multi-herd study was a split-udder equivalence trial comparing 2 ITS formulations for retention and efficacy in preventing periparturient clinical and subclinical mastitis. Both ITS contained 65% (2.6 g) bismuth salts, which contribute to the barrier within the teat canal, emulsified in ≤1.4 g of mineral oil. However, one ITS additionally contained <10% amorphous silica. At dry-off, treatment was randomly allocated to diagonal teat-pairs within 409 cows on 4 farms. All cows met industry best practice criteria for ITS treatment alone. The study unit was quarter within cow and farm. Outcomes included clinical mastitis (CM) incidence for the last 7 d of the dry period and first 42 d of lactation, subclinical mastitis (SCM) incidence 96 h after calving, and quantity of residual after centrifuging 50 mL of colostrum collected from each quarter within 24 h of calving. Proportional outcomes were analyzed using Bayesian mixed models with a binomial distribution and logit link function, whereas the quantity of residual was analyzed using Bayesian finite mixture models and cluster bootstrapping. We set a region of probable equivalence (ROPE) of ±2.5% between proportions and ±0.2 g for residual weight. Records were available for 1,596 quarters (399 cows). We detected no meaningful difference in incidence of CM or SCM attributable to differences in sealant: the model predicted treatment differences of 0.00 with a 95% highest density interval (HDI) of ±1.00%. Across all cows and farms, the marginal difference in the percentage of quarters with CM was 0.11% (95% HDI: −2.11 to 2.49%), and for SCM 0.00 (95% HDI: −1.98 to 1.94%). Including the quantity of residual recovered at calving did not improve fit or predictive ability of the models predicting CM or SCM, and the coefficient spanned the null value. The distribution of the weight of material recovered at calving was multi-modal; for 25% of quarters, more residual was recovered than inserted. When the residual weight was less than or equal to the median residual weight (2.06 g; range: 0.19–6.03 g), there was a ≥90% probability that any treatment difference in residual was ≤0.2 g. When the residual weight was between the median and 75th percentile (4.40 g; 95% HDI: 4.00 to 4.75 g), there was no clear difference in residual between products. Above the 75th percentile, there was a 90% probability that the residual from quarters differed by product type (difference = 0.36 g, 90% HDI: 0.20 to 0.54 g). In conclusion, both products had equivalent efficacy for SCM and CM. As the quantity of residual increased, the difference in residual weight recovered increased but this may represent increases in debris rather than indicating a more effective barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A bioavailable strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isoscape for Aotearoa New Zealand: Implications for food forensics and biosecurity.
- Author
-
Kramer, R. T., Kinaston, R. L., Holder, P. W., Armstrong, K. F., King, C. L., Sipple, W. D. K., Martin, A. P., Pradel, G., Turnbull, R. E., Rogers, K. M., Reid, M., Barr, D., Wijenayake, K. G., Buckley, H. R., Stirling, C. H., and Bataille, C. P.
- Subjects
STRONTIUM ,STRONTIUM isotopes ,BIOSECURITY ,FARM produce ,PLANT products ,COMPOSITION of milk ,LOCAL foods - Abstract
As people, animals and materials are transported across increasingly large distances in a globalized world, threats to our biosecurity and food security are rising. Aotearoa New Zealand is an island nation with many endemic species, a strong local agricultural industry, and a need to protect these from pest threats, as well as the economy from fraudulent commodities. Mitigation of such threats is much more effective if their origins and pathways for entry are understood. We propose that this may be addressed in Aotearoa using strontium isotope analysis of both pests and products. Bioavailable radiogenic isotopes of strontium are ubiquitous markers of provenance that are increasingly used to trace the origin of animals and plants as well as products, but currently a baseline map across Aotearoa is lacking, preventing use of this technique. Here, we have improved an existing methodology to develop a regional bioavailable strontium isoscape using the best available geospatial datasets for Aotearoa. The isoscape explains 53% of the variation (R
2 = 0.53 and RMSE = 0.00098) across the region, for which the primary drivers are the underlying geology, soil pH, and aerosol deposition (dust and sea salt). We tested the potential of this model to determine the origin of cow milk produced across Aotearoa. Predictions for cow milk (n = 33) highlighted all potential origin locations that share similar87 Sr/86 Sr values, with the closest predictions averaging 7.05 km away from their true place of origin. These results demonstrate that this bioavailable strontium isoscape is effective for tracing locally produced agricultural products in Aotearoa. Accordingly, it could be used to certify the origin of Aotearoa's products, while also helping to determine if new pest detections were of locally breeding populations or not, or to raise awareness of imported illegal agricultural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Survival of femur fractures in wild stoats (Mustela erminea).
- Author
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King, C. M.
- Subjects
ERMINE ,FEMORAL fractures ,PREDATOR management ,BONE fractures ,BONE injuries ,FEMUR - Abstract
Stoats (Mustela erminea) are active hunters and, therefore, one might predict that any broken bones or other injuries impeding active movement would incur a serious risk of starvation. Dead stoats (n = 560) were collected from trappers operating predator control lines in three conservation areas of New Zealand from 1972--1978. Femurs were cleaned and examined for healed injuries and deformities. Five femurs from four stoats (one with both femurs injured) showed traumatic distortions following healing of complete breaks incurred during life. A further case recorded during post-eradication monitoring in 2010 on Rangitoto, an offshore island, is added. These data provide evidence that wild stoats have a remarkable capacity to tolerate catastrophic femur fractures. They can survive long enough, despite the implied limitation to their energetic hunting style, to permit full healing even though the result is a gross distortion of the femoral shaft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Tree-climbing capabilities of Norway and ship rats.
- Author
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Foster, S, King, C, Patty, B, and Miller, S
- Subjects
- *
INTRODUCED animals , *RATS , *HABITATS , *ANIMAL climbing , *ARBOREAL animals , *FORAGING behavior - Abstract
Norway and ship rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus) have invaded many habitats of conservation value worldwide, but Norway rats are widely assumed to be less of a threat to tree-nesting biota than are ship rats because they are less adept at climbing. We tested this assumption by measuring the capabilities of wild-caught captive rats of both species in reaching food rewards above ground, placed at fixed sites of increasingly difficult access. We confirmed that Norway rats were much slower and less agile than ship rats, but could in fact, given enough time, reach the same height above ground, run across the same thin ropes fixed at both ends and climb a real tree. However, they were more easily defeated by obstacles, more dependent on the availability of footholds, more vulnerable to falls, and those of >200 g body weight were significantly less likely to reach food rewards at the unsupported ends of small branches. We conclude that Norway rats seldom forage above ground, not because they cannot climb but because arboreal foraging is more risky and less likely to be rewarding for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. EAL undergraduates learning mathematics.
- Author
-
Barton, B., Chan, R., King, C., Neville-Barton, P., and Sneddon, J.
- Subjects
MATHEMATICS education ,INSTRUCTIONAL systems ,MATHEMATICS ,ENGLISH language ,TEACHING ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
This paper reports on a third study in a series aimed at investigating the issues surrounding the learning of mathematics at The University of Auckland by students who have English as an Additional Language (EAL students). As well as summarizing the earlier studies, it presents some new data showing that the problems experienced by EAL students are not experienced by first language English students (LI students). The consequences of these studies for undergraduate mathematics at The University of Auckland are explored using English language proficiency data for the whole of the 2005 undergraduate mathematics cohort. This data shows that the consequences of having large numbers of EAL students in an undergraduate mathematics cohort are likely to be much more important than expected, and that recent initiatives to raise literacy entrance levels are having some effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. A bioavailable strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isoscape for Aotearoa New Zealand: Implications for food forensics and biosecurity.
- Author
-
Kramer RT, Kinaston RL, Holder PW, Armstrong KF, King CL, Sipple WDK, Martin AP, Pradel G, Turnbull RE, Rogers KM, Reid M, Barr D, Wijenayake KG, Buckley HR, Stirling CH, and Bataille CP
- Subjects
- Animals, Biosecurity, Humans, New Zealand, Strontium analysis, Strontium Isotopes analysis
- Abstract
As people, animals and materials are transported across increasingly large distances in a globalized world, threats to our biosecurity and food security are rising. Aotearoa New Zealand is an island nation with many endemic species, a strong local agricultural industry, and a need to protect these from pest threats, as well as the economy from fraudulent commodities. Mitigation of such threats is much more effective if their origins and pathways for entry are understood. We propose that this may be addressed in Aotearoa using strontium isotope analysis of both pests and products. Bioavailable radiogenic isotopes of strontium are ubiquitous markers of provenance that are increasingly used to trace the origin of animals and plants as well as products, but currently a baseline map across Aotearoa is lacking, preventing use of this technique. Here, we have improved an existing methodology to develop a regional bioavailable strontium isoscape using the best available geospatial datasets for Aotearoa. The isoscape explains 53% of the variation (R2 = 0.53 and RMSE = 0.00098) across the region, for which the primary drivers are the underlying geology, soil pH, and aerosol deposition (dust and sea salt). We tested the potential of this model to determine the origin of cow milk produced across Aotearoa. Predictions for cow milk (n = 33) highlighted all potential origin locations that share similar 87Sr/86Sr values, with the closest predictions averaging 7.05 km away from their true place of origin. These results demonstrate that this bioavailable strontium isoscape is effective for tracing locally produced agricultural products in Aotearoa. Accordingly, it could be used to certify the origin of Aotearoa's products, while also helping to determine if new pest detections were of locally breeding populations or not, or to raise awareness of imported illegal agricultural products., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. A cluster of three cases of leptospirosis in dairy farm workers in New Zealand.
- Author
-
McLean M, Ruscoe Q, Kline T, King C, and Nesdale A
- Subjects
- Adult, Agricultural Workers' Diseases diagnosis, Agricultural Workers' Diseases drug therapy, Agricultural Workers' Diseases epidemiology, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Cattle, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Leptospira isolation & purification, Leptospirosis drug therapy, Male, Middle Aged, New Zealand epidemiology, Occupational Diseases diagnosis, Occupational Diseases drug therapy, Occupational Exposure adverse effects, Risk Assessment, Sampling Studies, Treatment Outcome, Dairying, Leptospirosis diagnosis, Leptospirosis epidemiology, Occupational Diseases epidemiology, Occupational Health
- Abstract
Aims: We report a cluster of three cases of leptospirosis on a New Zealand dairy farm, with regard to clinical, laboratory, and environmental findings. The cluster is discussed against the annual incidence of leptospirosis in humans and cattle, and the vaccination of cattle as one means of preventing human cases on farms., Methdos: The three cases were investigated by case interview and review of clinical and laboratory information. A site visit was made to the farm to assess environmental risk. Relevant veterinary information relating to the cattle herds was reviewed., Results: Most of the symptoms exhibited by the three patients were consistent with primary phase leptospirosis. Different methods of laboratory diagnosis were used with each case. However, two cases were confirmed as leptospirosis and in both the causative agent was Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar (sv) Hardjo. The third case had a milder illness, received doxycycline early, and was regarded as a 'probable' case as there were no confirmatory diagnostic results. All three cases had worked on the same dairy farm during their incubation period, where the highest risk environment was the milking shed and potential exposure to urine splashes from infected cattle. Also there were inadequacies in the herd vaccination programme., Conclusions: There are options for minimising risk to dairy farm workers in New Zealand. No human vaccine exists in this country. Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar (sv) Hardjo (serovar Hardjo) is endemic in New Zealand dairy cattle without causing apparent disease. L. Pomona is a sporadic infection but can cause abortions. A cattle vaccine against these serovars was introduced in New Zealand in 1979, after which there was a general fall in notifications of human cases of leptospirosis. This was attributed to the overall decrease in these two serovars among the livestock population. Vaccination of farm livestock for leptospirosis is an integral factor in preventing human cases. We note the New Zealand initiative to combine vaccination with a risk management programme operated by veterinarians, called Leptosure, to reduce the risk of human leptospirosis on dairy farms. The efficacy of using doxycycline as a prophylaxis for preventing human infection in trials is reviewed. Other preventative strategies include the use of personal protective equipment to cover the mouth and nose, eyes and all skin breaks, farm workers and rural clinicians being aware of the signs and symptoms of leptospirosis, and prompt treatment of cases with antibiotics.
- Published
- 2014
10. Getting the focus right: New Zealand baby boomers and advertisements for glasses.
- Author
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FitzPatrick M, King C, and Davey J
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Focus Groups, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, New Zealand, Qualitative Research, Advertising methods, Eyeglasses, Intergenerational Relations
- Abstract
Although baby boomers constitute an attractive market segment in terms of spending power and size, they have been largely ignored and/or misunderstood by advertisers. This article presents the results of qualitative research into New Zealand baby boomers' responses to advertisements for glasses as a specific health-related product. Key themes emphasize an advertisement's "relate-ability"; the use of "real" characters; the importance of narrative in engaging the viewer; and the standout design elements of information intensity, humor, and point of difference. Themes are related to advertisements for glasses and illustrated in a mock-up "ideal ad" for glasses. Finally, practical recommendations are made for more effective advertising of glasses to baby boomers.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Perceptions of glasses as a health care product: a pilot study of New Zealand baby boomers.
- Author
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Davey J, King C, and Fitzpatrick M
- Subjects
- Aging psychology, Delivery of Health Care, Eyeglasses economics, Female, Focus Groups, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Marketing of Health Services, Middle Aged, New Zealand, Quality of Life psychology, Attitude to Health, Eyeglasses psychology
- Abstract
Marketers have been slow to customize their strategies for the influential consumer segment of aging baby boomers. This qualitative research provides insights on New Zealand baby boomers' perceptions of glasses as a health care product. Appearance was a dominant theme; status was not a major concern, although style and fashion were. Wearing glasses had negative associations related to aging; however, both male and female participants recognized that glasses offered improved quality of life. Data relating to the theme of expense indicated that these New Zealand baby boomers made sophisticated perceptual associations and subsequent pragmatic trade-offs between price, quality, and style.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Detection of tetrodotoxin from the grey side-gilled sea slug - Pleurobranchaea maculata, and associated dog neurotoxicosis on beaches adjacent to the Hauraki Gulf, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Author
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McNabb P, Selwood AI, Munday R, Wood SA, Taylor DI, Mackenzie LA, van Ginkel R, Rhodes LL, Cornelisen C, Heasman K, Holland PT, and King C
- Subjects
- Animals, Chromatography, Liquid, Dogs, Mass Spectrometry, New Zealand, Tetrodotoxin toxicity, Dog Diseases chemically induced, Tetrodotoxin analysis
- Abstract
Investigations into a series of dog poisonings on beaches in Auckland, North Island, New Zealand, resulted in the identification of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the grey side-gilled sea slug, Pleurobranchaea maculata. The levels of TTX in P. maculata, assayed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) ranged from 91 to 850 mg kg(-1) with a median level of 365 mg kg(-1) (n = 12). In two of the dog poisoning cases, vomit and gastrointestinal contents were found to contain TTX. Adult P. maculata were maintained in aquaria for several weeks. Levels of TTX decreased only slightly with time. While in the aquaria, P. maculata spawned, with each individual producing 2-4 egg masses. The egg masses and 2-week old larvae also contained TTX. Tests for other marine toxins were negative and no other organisms from the area contained TTX. This is the first time TTX has been identified in New Zealand and the first detection of TTX in an opisthobranch., (Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Non-systemic erosive stomatitis of unknown aetiology in a dairy cow herd in New Zealand.
- Author
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McFadden AM, Wang J, Mackereth GF, Clough RR, Loth LH, Vermunt JJ, King CM, and Alley MR
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacterial Infections diagnosis, Bacterial Infections pathology, Bacterial Infections veterinary, Cattle, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Immunohistochemistry veterinary, New Zealand, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Stomatitis etiology, Stomatitis pathology, Virus Diseases diagnosis, Virus Diseases pathology, Virus Diseases veterinary, Cattle Diseases etiology, Cattle Diseases pathology, Stomatitis veterinary
- Abstract
Case History: Veterinarians from the Investigation and Diagnostic Centre (IDC), Wallaceville, New Zealand, investigated a novel vesicular disease in a 397-cow dairy herd, characterised by erosive stomatitis., Clinical and Pathological Findings: The investigation commenced with a report of erosive stomatitis in four dairy cows. The herd was examined that day and 30/397 (8%) adult cows were found to be affected. Two weeks later, the oral cavity of 180 cows from one management group were re-examined, and it was estimated that 80% of this group had healing erosive lesions. During the course of the investigation, intact vesicles were observed on the muzzle of two affected animals. None of the affected animals was systemically ill and there was no decrease in milk production., Diagnosis: No infectious aetiological agent was detected using virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), electron microscopy (EM) and serological tests, for any exotic infectious vesicular disease or any endemic cause of vesicular disease., Clinical Relevance: Lesions of erosive stomatitis occurring in cattle must be differentiated from vesicular disease during exotic disease investigations.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Failure to detect Salmonella species in a population of wild tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus).
- Author
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Gartrell BD, Youl JM, King CM, Bolotovski I, McDonald WL, and Nelson NJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Wild, Cloaca microbiology, Colony Count, Microbial veterinary, Feces microbiology, New Zealand epidemiology, Salmonella isolation & purification, Salmonella Infections, Animal epidemiology, Salmonella Infections, Animal transmission, Transportation, Conservation of Natural Resources, Reptiles microbiology, Salmonella Infections, Animal diagnosis
- Abstract
Aim: To assess the prevalence of faecal excretion of Salmonella serovars by wild tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) on Stephens Island, New Zealand., Methods: One hundred cloacal swabs obtained as part of health-screening for the translocation of adult tuatara from Stephens Island were subjected to general aerobic culture and enrichment, and cultured specifically for Salmonella spp., Results: No Salmonella spp were cultured from any of the cloacal samples, which suggests that, at the 95% confidence interval, the maximum prevalence of tuatara in the island population that were shedding Salmonella spp not detected by our sample size was 1.5%. Mixed bacteria were grown from the 70 cloacal swabs cultured aerobically. A predominant organism was evident in 30 cultures, and these were identified as Hafnia alvei type 1 (n=16) and type 2 (n=7), Corynebacterium spp (n=4), Klebsiella oxytoca (n=2), and Moraxella spp (n=1)., Conclusions: The absence of intestinal carriage of Salmonella spp by the tuatara sampled in this study may indicate either lack of exposure, or an innate resistance to intestinal colonisation in tuatara. The significance of the other bacteria cultured as potential pathogens to the tuatara and as zoonotic risks is also uncertain. Wildlife managers should screen translocated reptiles for Salmonella spp, and thereby avoid exposing wild and managed populations to infection.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Using the Australian and New Zealand Telehealth Committee framework to evaluate telehealth: identifying conceptual gaps.
- Author
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Hughes E, King C, and Kitt S
- Subjects
- Australia, Data Collection, Humans, New Zealand, Quality of Health Care, Program Evaluation methods, Telemedicine standards
- Abstract
Telehealth is strongly supported in policy rhetoric as being economically significant to Australia, but evaluation standards have been insufficiently developed to ensure that this is the case. The use of one such evaluation standard, the Australian and New Zealand Telehealth Committee (ANZTC) framework, for telehealth evaluation in Australia makes good sense. However, that framework emphasizes economic and technical considerations at the expense of social contexts. Furthermore, there must be questions about the utility of a framework which, it appears, has been used to evaluate only a single telehealth project in Australia. The combination of the economic rationalism of health-care policy and the technological determinism of a tool model of information and communication technologies (ICTs) can result in evaluations that fail to match the complexities of the intersection of health-care and ICTs. Using the ANZTC framework while at the same time focusing on explaining, rather than just describing, the links between interventions and outcomes seems a reasonable compromise. This involves understanding complex socio-technical networks and relationships, and requires investigators to engage with the gulf between private opinions, public statements and actual behaviour.
- Published
- 2002
16. Routine patient-nurse dependency recordings as an aid in hospital ward administration. A preliminary report.
- Author
-
Jeffery IJ, Warren RA, Millar M, and King CH
- Subjects
- Humans, New Zealand, Medical Records, Nursing Care, Nursing Service, Hospital
- Published
- 1966
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