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There is growing interest in the use and utility of news media content analysis in tourism research. We report a content analysis of 153 news media articles on a topic of growing interest among tourism researchers globally: tourism and biosecurity. Our work is based on media reports from Aotearoa New Zealand news sources over the period 2009–2019, identifying five key themes. Together they illustrate how tourism, nature conservation, agriculture, horticulture and forestry are utterly and irretrievably interconnected in global flows of people and organisms. They also highlight the important role played by the many actors at policy and operational levels in tourism and border control that have a role to play in minimising potential impacts of biosecurity breaches. We conclude by discussing the value of media content analyses in tourism research stressing that the method, on its own, will reveal only part of the story, and should always be followed up with more intense and critical interrogation of the issues under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, in Central Otago, New Zealand, with competing claims for water beyond irrigation, farmers and water conservation interests are at loggerheads, and freshwater management has become a site of intense debate, competition and political action. We comment on the polarised politics of water governance in Central Otago, writing from the perspective of fish and gamebird management. Our commentary is allied to an interpretation of freshwater allocation for irrigation in New Zealand, which emphasises the emergence and dominance of a singular 'more water' discourse in rural development in the 2000s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study reports a two-phase research project into tourism development in a rural district, Timaru, in the South Island of New Zealand. It addresses a lack of research into small town regeneration in New Zealand. The research is set within scholarly debates about small-town tourism-led regeneration, place promotion, and the impact on tourism of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a qualitative social research methodology, the first phase of the research, preCOVID-19, illustrates attempts to realise the potential of an underdeveloped visitor economy in Timaru. The challenges faced by tourism advocates are outlined, as are the halting attempts to advance their goals. The second research phase reports the dramatic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the way it stimulated a reimagining of tourism and its development in Timaru leading to new and more effective administrative arrangements and place promotion tactics, supported by extra-local funding. The case study concludes with a brief discussion of the research findings as they relate to the scholarly context of our work, emphasising particularly the influence the COVID-19 pandemic might have in the re-imagining of tourism and the practices of tourism development in rural places and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss case studies of three South Island small towns: Ashburton, Timaru and Oamaru and their wider local authority jurisdictions, focusing on how local stakeholders are defining the issues facing these places and identifying, prioritising and investing in regeneration initiatives, sometimes with the support of central government and other external agencies. Our key finding is that small‐town regeneration is complex, demands a long‐term local collaborative approach, and significant investment in skills, information sharing and programme development, some of which needs to be provided by external, central government, agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of accommodation-sharing platforms, such as Airbnb, is seen as a disruption to more conventional accommodation providers and rental markets in many cities and regions worldwide. This Regional Graphic focuses on New Zealand, showing a snapshot in time of the spatial distribution of the accommodation provided by Airbnb. What the map shows are patterns of statistically significant mildly positive clustering (Moran's I = 0.33, p ≤ 0.05) of the Airbnb locations. The 'traditional' tourism hotspots, mainly in the South Island of New Zealand, for example, Wanaka or Queenstown (Queenstown Hill, Lake Hayes South, Sunshine Bay), and the largest city, Auckland (Central West, East, Habourside and Waiheke Island), are shown. A few of the highest ranked places also feature a high intensity per usually resident person. For example, Queenstown Hill has 204 Airbnb listings per 1000 residents. The area with the highest number of Airbnbs is Wanaka, a smaller South Island tourist destination. A key issue for future research is how short-term rentals pose a challenge to local authorities who collect property taxes based on the value of the property, with some local authorities (e.g., Auckland) proposing or enacting specific by-laws in relation to Airbnb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws on the application of interpretive walks in a socio-geographical study of tourism-oriented entrepreneurial activity on multi-generational family farms in New Zealand. We highlight the great potential this method holds for tourism researchers interested in the ways tourist spaces are produced in processes of place-making. Mobile methods have been a feature of qualitative field research in several disciplines for some time, particularly in cultural geography with its emphasis on human interactions in and with landscapes. The interpretive walk, known also as the walking interview, has been applied mainly in urban neighbourhood, health, transport, and housing research, where it has proven very useful for revealing human connections to place that have been difficult to elicit using stationary face-to-face interviews. This article is one of the few that reports on the use of the method in a farm tourism setting. It is also one of few applied studies seeking to understand the local geographies of farm tourism and their connections to the farm site as both family home and place of primary production. The method is characterised as an effective tool for navigating and interpreting the socio-spatial settings inwhich newrural tourism ventures emerge, evolve, and are embedded. The approach allows for unexpected encounters with spatial practices and strategies, projects, and objects, behind which lie stories of changing human relationships with the land, economy, and community, and of the exigencies of everyday life that are less readily unearthed using conventional interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the value-generating strategies used in some of New Zealand's primary activities in a rapidly changing trading context in which the countries of East Asia increasingly figure. These strategies range from scaling up volume, with a consequent conspicuous impact on rural landscapes, to innovative value-enhancing relationships linking producers, processors and consumers in processes which value landscapes for the contribution they make to provenance stories. Our argument is that higher-value strategies are necessarily more intensely collaborative and involve a pursuit of engaged relationships, especially between onshore producers and manufacturers and consumers at a distance. We term this collaborative form of strategising as 'the relationships economy'. We illustrate our argument using two case studies, dairying and merino. While there are great differences in scale between them, and dairying focuses significantly on volume-generating capacity, there are players in dairying who are adopting higher-value relationships-based approaches similar to those developed in the merino industry. The common thread connecting the case studies is that of intentional enactment, which echoes earlier periods in New Zealand's trading history when considerable work was undertaken by industry participants to create new markets for primary products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CASE HISTORY: Four juvenile eastern rosellas (Platycercus eximius) were admitted to two separate wildlife care facilities in the Auckland region by members of the public. They had missing or dystrophic wing and tail feathers that rendered them flightless, suggestive of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) infection. Two were subject to euthanasia after failing to re-grow their feathers, with samples taken for histopathology and PCR analysis. Blood samples were obtained from the other two birds at the time of examination, however these individuals were lost to follow up. PATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS: Basophilic inclusion bodies were observed in histological sections of the feather bulb, typical of BFDV infection, from the two euthanised individuals. Blood from all four birds tested positive by PCR for BFDV, and analysis of the recovered full BFDV genomes identified them as belonging to the BFDV-A strain. DIAGNOSIS: Beak and feather disease virus infection. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This report highlights the clinical impacts of BFDV in juvenile eastern rosellas that may result in their admission to wildlife care facilities, creating a biosecurity risk in institutions that may host other native parrots intended for release. The environmental stability of BFDV and resistance to disinfection requires strict quarantine procedures to prevent contamination and spread within a facility. It is recommended that high-risk species such as wild eastern rosella be excluded from facilities that may also house native parrots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Urban sustainability’ currently receives widespread and generally enthusiastic endorsement, yet concerns are emerging that recent expressions of the concept may actually be working against the city and its residents. Based on research in Christchurch, New Zealand (one of the most urbanised countries in the world), it is argued that the assimilation of social, economic and bio-physical environmental elements that gave the idea much of its original legitimacy has been reduced to a minimalist set of material and discursive ‘eco-friendly’ denominators. As a result, only occasional glimpses of the city and its human inhabitants are caught in attempts to operationalise sustainability in urban areas. The effect is that cities, in New Zealand at least, are less liveable and less likeable than they should be. It is suggested that there is a real need to re-urbanise and rehumanise the urban sustainability agenda as a means of realising its integrative and transformative potential. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Protected natural areas are a significant tourism resource in many countries, including Norway, Sweden, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The provision of tourism facilities in such areas is increasing but this is not without controversy. Tensions have arisen in some areas where international tourist visitation is believed to be affecting traditional cultural and recreational practices. Despite this, little research attention has been given to exploring local users' attitudes towards tourism activities in areas where they have traditionally not existed. Using Fiordland National Park as a case study, this paper reports research on recreational wilderness use in New Zealand by locals and visiting international tourists. Its focus is on local recreationists' attitudes towards international wilderness tourism. The discussion draws on data gathered using in-depth interviews and research diaries. Findings revealed that international tourists were often viewed as a threat to New Zealanders' recreation opportunities and cultural identity. These attitudes appear to be influenced by widely held values and beliefs about the purpose of public conservation lands. A consideration of the links between the natural environment and national identity is seen as crucial when planning for tourism in protected natural areas in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanization has destroyed and fragmented previously large areas of habitat. Small remnants that still exist in numerous cities will be unable to sustain many viable wild plant populations if they do not expand into the surrounding urban matrix. Residential gardens form a significant component of urban green space in many cities and therefore could play a role in redressing this problem. Our ecological and social scientific study examined factors influencing the dispersal and regeneration of 12 bird-dispersed native woody species from Riccarton Bush, a 7.8 ha urban forest remnant, into surrounding residential properties in Christchurch, New Zealand. Over 125 years, the reported number of native vascular plant species in the Bush has declined by a third. Some species, particularly Dacrycarpus dacrydioides, the dominant woody species in the Bush, are being dispersed by birds and establishing in residential gardens predominantly within 250 m of the forest margin. These juveniles are not reaching maturity as most gardeners tend to remove all non-planted woody species. This suggests natural potential for regeneration exists but is insufficient without active human intervention. Our survey results show people are supportive of native plants in general but lack knowledge of the species. They are willing to plant locally appropriate woody species if provided with plants, information, and, most importantly, control over the location of plantings. Residential gardens consequently have the potential to play a major role in the conservation of urban biodiversity especially for species suited to the functions and size of gardens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports research investigating the ways individuals and families in New Zealand have adapted to and created economic and social change through holding multiple jobs since the beginning of a period of restructuring in the 1980s. Our research has been stimulated by the very significant increase in multiple job holding in New Zealand over the whole workforce, and more particularly in rural areas over the last 25 years. We show how a focus on multiple job holding can contribute to interpretations of changing rural economic and social relations associated with work and employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the methodology and methods for exploring the meaning and structure of house and home. It explores house and home in the context of debates on continuing the vitality of place-based social relationships in the mobile social time. It states that home-related research requires understanding of the subjective experiences of neighborhood, housing, and the social regulatory and economic forces that influence the experience. It mentions that qualitative methodology is suitable for research because it permits researchers to combine and capture elements of subjective experience and structural consideration. Moreover, it discusses the home study on the Christchurch house in New Zealand.

In this paper we use research into ecotouristic activities in Kaikoura, New Zealand, to discuss how the nonhuman agency of nature is implicated in the performance and meaning of place. Kaikoura has recently boomed as an ecotourist destination, and its changing nature has been coconstituted by the networked agency of whales and dolphins, whose charismatic animal appeal is a magnet for tourists. We discuss the power of representation to conjure up anticipatory ideas about place practices, the influence of mediating and staging tourist performances, and the importance of unconsidered habits and practices in prompting distinctive performances in particular places. Some tourists leave Kaikoura disappointed because the unpredictability of nature can disrupt anticipated experience. Others, however, in partaking in whale watching and swimming with dolphins, are presented with both educational experience and opportunities for relationally achieved connections with cetaceans which can result in intense experiences of immanence and unreflexive glee. This research poses significant questions about the ability of actor networks and relational assemblages to capture fully the power of the nonhuman to evoke sublime emotional and aesthetic relations with humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quest for more sustainable urban forms has added renewed vigour to urban planning, with various types of urban infill and intensification becoming increasingly popular with local authorities. These approaches seek to achieve environmental and social objectives but, despite the supposed advantages of a more consolidated urban form, infill housing as a strategy for growth management is not always well received by local residents and it remains a contentious issue. In this paper the authors report on an enquiry into neighbours' interpretations of, and responses to, infill housing in Christchurch, New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the urban planning in New Zealand. Amendments of Local Government Act to facilitate the administration of the Resource Management Act; Management of the biophysical environment; Limitation to the involvement of government in urban and social planning.

This article develops a critique of aspects of Urry's 'tourist gaze' through an analysis of contemporary tourism in New Zealand. We argue that the metaphorical basis of the gaze seems to lie in the experience of tourism in Europe among particular classes of tourists. In that situation, tourists spend a considerable amount of time looking at historical landscapes and related interpretative sites/sights. By contrast, both international and domestic tourists in European settler societies such as New Zealand participate in active forms of touristic recreation; thus gazing is only one component of the tourist experience. This leads us to suggest that a better metaphorical approach to tourism is to talk about the tourist performance, which incorporates ideas of active bodily involvement, physical activity and gazing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outlines an investigation into the promotion of the city of Christchurch, New Zealand. Impact of local place-promotion on tourism and local identity; Link between place promotion and local history and urban development; Review of place promotional literature; Urban identity and city heritage.

Derived from a wider study of place-based economic, social, cultural and environmental regeneration initiatives in small regional New Zealand towns, and reflecting on international research that emphasises the importance of long-term collaborative effort, effective governance and locally-based leadership in regional regeneration, this paper examines the ways locally-based benevolent property development entrepreneurs are attempting to contribute to their regional town-centres. The experience of towns in mid and South Canterbury in the South Island of New Zealand, where national and global commercial property developers are reluctant to invest, are used as case studies. We discuss how property-led town-centre regeneration in small regional towns in New Zealand such as these may best be characterised. This work is then used to outline a policy agenda that would help local government and allied stakeholders to engage more effectively and cooperatively with local property developers. This work has relevance for an international audience interested in the town-centre regeneration challenges faced by the residents and local governments of small regional towns in neo-liberal polities. • Local benevolent entrepreneurs are investing in regional town-centre regeneration in New Zealand. • These investors are often property development neophytes and underestimate the complexity of the development process. • Local councils are unable and unwilling to work with these entrepreneurs to make the most of the investment offer. • An agenda to help local government and benevolent property entrepreneurs work cooperatively in New Zealand as outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The place where we live is one of the key locales which shapes our sense of place and enables us to develop our sense of who we are. The paper explores the linkages between the literature on “the home” and the meaning of place. We argue that “homes” are special kinds of places and are socially constructed in a continual and changing process. Houses as material objects and homes as symbolic entities are shaped and reshaped by owners and tenants over time in response to both changes in the individual's life course and the social context within which they are set. We therefore interpret the meaning of home against the changing backdrop of New Zealand's urban system and the two decades of economic and social change from 1980 to the late 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information on a discussion on the rise of adventure tourism in New Zealand. Indepth look at the development of tourism in New Zealand; Detailed information on New Zealand's adventure-tourist places; Conclusion reached on the discussion.

Aims: This paper describes findings from a survey conducted in New Zealand exploring nurses' decision-making about when to delay care, delegate care, hand care over or leave care undone. Unanticipated findings identified processes that nurses go through when deciding to take planned/unplanned leave when wards are constrained through budget limitations., Background: Missed/rationed care is increasingly the focus of attention in international studies, identifying a complex interplay of organisational, professional and personal factors affecting nurses' decision-making when faced with limited organisational time, human and material resources to provide care., Methods: The survey presented nurses with Likert-scale questions with option for free text comments. This paper reports on the commentaries about work-life balance., Results: Nurses described workload pressures that lead to rationing care affected them, and the long-term effect on them as individuals. Nurses verbalized the difficulties and associated guilt about taking leaving and sick leave when wards were short staffed., Conclusions: Nurses consider how their absence will affect the workspace and their home first, considering the impact on themselves last., Implications: The findings may provide valuable insights for nurse managers in relation to workforce allocations and resources where acknowledgement of work-life balance is considered., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

This case series includes a single case of disseminated tuberculous disease due to Mycobacterium pinnipedii in a New Zealand fur seal ( Arctocephalus forsteri ), which was being cared for by a zoo in New Zealand. The remaining five pinnipeds in the colony underwent extensive mycobacterial disease surveillance over the following 4 yr, involving a total of 26 anesthetic procedures and numerous diagnostic tests that included comparative intradermal tuberculin skin tests, mycobacterial antibody serology, respiratory and gastric lavages, and computed tomography (CT) scans. An additional case of chronic sinusitis due to Mycobacterium marinum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified in a California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus ). Results from CT and the respiratory lavages were the most helpful antemortem diagnostic tests for active mycobacterial disease in this case series. Of the remaining four animals, two were euthanatized and two remain alive, and none of them had evidence of active mycobacterial disease. Further mycobacterial disease surveillance in staff and animals was performed, and no other case was identified. There are no validated mycobacterial surveillance tests available for pinnipeds and so it remains unknown whether the two surviving pinnipeds are truly negative or whether they have latent mycobacterial infection that could develop into active mycobacterial disease in the future. For this reason, increased levels of biosecurity and quarantine remain permanently in place for the pinniped colony.

During a study on health and disease in Red-crowned Parakeets (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) on Tiritiri Matangi Island and Little Barrier Island (Hauturu-o-Toi) in New Zealand between 2011 and 2013, an outbreak of feather loss prompted the collection of skin biopsies (n = 135) under anesthesia from the head of captured birds. A subset of samples (n = 7) was frozen to obtain whole specimens for identification of ectoparasites. Mites (range 1-11) were observed in 79/135 (58.5%) skin biopsies, whereas feather loss was only found in 47/142 (33.1%) birds captured during the sampling period. Compact orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis and acanthosis were found in association with mites. Procnemidocoptes janssensi (Acari: Epidermoptidae, Knemidokoptinae) was identified from whole mites obtained from skin biopsies. We describe the presence, pathology, and stages of infestation for knemidokoptinid mange in a wild parrot population in New Zealand. Given the clinical and pathologic changes observed and poor knowledge of the parasite's New Zealand host and geographic distribution, further work is recommended for this and sympatric parrots, to understand relationships between the host, parasite, environment, and expression of disease. Results from this study reinforce the value of including biopsy samples for the investigation of skin disease in wild birds, particularly to link etiologic agents with pathologic changes.

This report describes the investigations into the cause and treatment of metabolic bone disease (MBD) in captive native New Zealand frogs (Leiopelma spp.) and the role of fluoride in the disease. MBD was diagnosed in Leiopelma archeyi and Leiopelma hochstetteri in 2008 at three institutions: Auckland Zoo, Hamilton Zoo, and the University of Otago. Most of these frogs had originally been held at the University of Canterbury for several years (2000-2004) but some were collected directly from the wild. Radiographs on archived and live frogs showed that MBD had been present at Canterbury, but at a lower rate (3%) than in the current institutions (38-67%). Microcomputed tomography showed that the femoral diaphyses of the captive frogs at Auckland Zoo had greater bone volume, bone surface, cross-sectional thickness, and mean total cross-sectional bone perimeter, which is consistent with osteofluorosis. On histology of the same femurs, there was hyperplasia, periosteal growth, and thickening of trabeculae, which are also consistent with skeletal fluorosis. An increase in fluoride levels in the water supply preceded the rise in the incidence of the above pathology, further supporting the diagnosis of osteofluorosis. Analysis of long-standing husbandry practices showed that ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure and the dietary calcium:phosphorus ratio were deficient when compared with wild conditions-likely causing chronic underlying MBD. To prevent multifactorial MBD in captive Leiopelma, the authors recommend increasing dietary calcium by incorporating into the captive diet inherently calcium-rich invertebrates; increasing exposure to natural or artificial (UVB) light; and using defluoridated water. Addressing these three factors at Auckland Zoo reduced morbidity, bone fractures, and mortality rates.