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The New Zealand fairy tern/tara iti (Sternula nereis davisae; NZFT) is New Zealand's most endangered bird, with approximately 40 individuals remaining. Due to previous poor breeding success, this species is on the brink of extinction. Nest failures occur because of adverse weather, predation, and potentially nest disturbance. We observed parental behaviour of 11 nesting pairs from November 2020 to January 2021 at three sites: Mangawhai, Waipu and Pakiri. Overall, avian predator disturbance was low at all nests, and most disturbance events were by interactions between conspecifics. Responses to conspecific disturbances were lowest for the three closely nesting pairs and highest for the three solitary nests. We measured the frequency of chick feeding and found feeding rates varied considerably between nests. Defensive response rates and feeding rates varied between nests but we found no relationship between the proportion of responses to disturbance and feeding rates. We found no relationship between feeding rate and tidal state. This could be due to our small sample size and the duration of our observation period (30 min). We urge future researchers to increase observation period time. With an understanding of feeding rates and disturbance, informed decisions can be made to support the conservation of NZFT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few students in pursuit of baccalaureate business degrees seem to have spent significant time in organisations of the kind studied and discussed in the courses that typify such degrees. This paper questions the extent to which the students' lack of business exposure is perceived by teachers as a barrier to effective learning and teaching. It suggests that learning and teaching would be enhanced for all stakeholders if students experienced the real-life complexities of actual organisations either before, or in the early part, of their degree programmes. This would serve the dual purpose of allowing the students to better comprehend the taught content as it relates to real life, while continuing to enhance their eventual employability in the same way that many existing placement schemes aim to do.

Background: During exercise, dynamic hyperinflation (DH), measured by a reduction in inspiratory capacity (IC), increases exertional dyspnea and reduces functional capacity in many patients with severe COPD. Although noninvasive ventilation (NIV) during exercise can improve exercise duration, the effect on DH is unclear.Research Questions: In people with COPD, resting hyperinflation, and evidence of DH during exercise, does bilevel NIV during exercise reduce DH and increase endurance time compared with exercise with no NIV, and does NIV with an individually titrated expiratory positive airway pressure (T-EPAP) reduce DH and increase exercise endurance time more than NIV with standardized EPAP (S-EPAP) of 5 cm H2O?Study Design and Methods: A randomized crossover trial in which investigators and participants were blinded between NIV interventions was performed. Participants (N = 19; FEV1 of 1.02 ± 0.24 L (39% ± 6% predicted) completed three constant work rate endurance cycle tests in random order-no NIV, NIV with S-EPAP, and NIV with T-EPAP-during exercise. Primary outcomes were isotime IC and exercise endurance time. Outcome measures from each intervention were compared at isotime and at end exercise by using a linear mixed-model analysis.Results: Compared with no NIV, isotime IC and endurance time were greater with both NIV with S-EPAP (mean difference: 95% CI, 0.19 L [0.10-0.28]; 95% CI, 153 s [24-280], respectively) and T-EPAP (95% CI, 0.22 L [0.13-0.32]; 95% CI, 145 s [28-259], respectively). There was no difference between NIV with S-EPAP and NIV with T-EPAP.Interpretation: In people with COPD and DH during exercise, NIV during exercise reduced DH and increased cycle endurance time. An S-EPAP of 5 cm H2O was adequate to obtain these benefits.Trial Registry: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry; No.: ACTRN12613000804785; URL: http://www.anzctr.org.au. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use the New Zealand emissions trading scheme to explore how diffusion and learning from other emissions trading systems can explain the adoption, design, and revision of climate policy. Drawing on secondary documents and interviews with politicians, government officials, business leaders, and independent commentators, we argue for further investigation of how interactions between international and domestic factors shape the design of climate policy, and for deeper probing of structural and shorter-term domestic imperatives, to avoid misreading the extent and nature of international diffusion influences. We particularly stress the importance of distinguishing analytically between diffusion interactions motivated by learning between jurisdictions and scrutiny aimed at avoiding material disadvantages as a result of miscalculations in climate policy design. Finally, we argue for greater attention to the temporal dimensions of climate policy development in explanations of how diffusion and domestic influences may change during policy adoption, design, and revision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study explores the thinking and motivation behind the creation of an atypical e-commerce business model and the aspirations of the entrepreneurs behind this creation. Unlike most B2C e-commerce providers, a small New Zealand company called Firstin, selling products of a mostly technological nature, does not give its customers the opportunity to fulfil a specific time-bound need Each day, with no forewarning of what is to be sold, it offers a small range of products at a price that is usually lower than is available at any other local provider. After twenty four hours, or if the product is sold out earlier, the offer lapses, and customers must wait until the next day for a new and different set of bargains. The operational business model depends upon the availability of a range of attractively priced products of relevance to its chosen market, and a significant body of loyal watchers with the ability to make opportunistic purchase decisions if a particular offering meets a need at an attractive price. In the middle of its fourth year in business in the small New Zealand market, this organization continues to evolve, but retains the key features of its unusual operational business model. This research asks what lessons the Firstin ease offers that will benefit other entrepreneurs who propose to invest in a B2C e-commerce venture on the basis of similarly unconventional business models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As hospices have evolved and grown, from small community-based cottage institutions to larger and more complex healthcare providers, they have begun to acquire staff with characteristics that are significantly different from those of their founding members. Because the timeline of the modern hospice movement is so short, many still have founding members at work, and institutions find themselves employing people with diverse aspirations and motivations. Such value differences would normally be a sufficient basis for conflict in most organizations. In the particular context of hospices, and perhaps other healthcare institutions, such conflict often goes underground, as each protagonist tries to live up to its image of what is appropriate. This narrative research, based in five New Zealand hospices, explores the problem of hidden but unresolved tensions and suggests some possible avenues for management involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]